American higher education stands on the brink of chaos.

Never have so many spent so long learning so little. The present

crisis stems from the increasing widespread acceptance among 【S1】______.

faculty and administrators of the fatal educational principle

which a student should not be required to do any academic work 【S2】______.

that displeases him. If a student prefers not to study science or history

or literature, he has allowed to attain his degree without studying any 【S3】______.

science, history, or literature.

In America the attempt is being made to provide students

with what is advised as a liberal education without requiring by them 【S4】______.

the necessary self-discipline and hard work. Students have been led to

believe they can achieve without effort, that all they need to do is skip

light-heartedly down the merry road to learning. Fortunately, that road 【S5】______.

is no more than a detour (弯路) to the dead end of ignorance.

We must realize that becoming an educated person is a

difficult, demanded enterprise. Just as anyone who regards intense 【S6】______.

physical training as a source of delight would be thought a fool, for

we all know how much pain such training involves, but anyone who 【S7】______.

speaks intense mental exertion as a source of joy ought to be thought 【S8】______.

equally foolish, for such effort also involves pain. It is painful to have

one's ignorance exposing and frustrating to be baffled by intellectual 【S9】______.

subtleties. Of course, there can be joy in learning as there can be in sport.

But in both cases a joy is the result of overcoming challenges and can't 【S10】______.

be experienced without toil.

【S1】