共用题干
Food Fright
Experiments under way in several labs aim to create beneficial types of genetically modified(GM)foods,including starchier potatoes and caffeine-free coffee beans.Genetic engineers are even trying to transfer genes from a cold-water fish to make a frost-resistant tomato.A low-sugar GM strawberry now in the works might one day allow people with health problems such as diabetes to enjoy the little delicious red fruits again.GM beans and grains supercharged with protein might help people at risk of developing kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor,a disease caused by severe lack of protein,is common in parts of the world where there are severe food shortages.
Commenting on GM foods,Jonathon Jones,a British researcher,said,"The future benefits will be enormous,and the best is yet to come."
To some people,GM foods are no different from unmodified foods."A tomato is a tomato," said Brian Sansoni,an American food manufacturer.
Critics of GM foods challenge Sansoni's opinion.They worry about the harm that GM crops might do to people,other animals,and plants.
In a recent lab study conducted at Cornell University,scientists tested pollen made by Bt corn,which makes up one-fourth of the U .S.corn crop.The scientist sprinkled the pollen onto milkweed,a plant that makes a milky juice and is the only known food source of the monarch but-terfly caterpillar. Within four days of munching on the milkweed leaves,almost half of a test group of caterpillars had died."Monarchs are considered to be a flagship species for conservation,"said Cornell researcher Linda Raynor."This is a warning bell."
Some insects that are not killed by GM foods might find themselves made stronger. How so? The insecticides used to protect most of today's crops are sprayed on the crops when needed and decay quickly in the environment.But GM plants produce a continuous level of insecticide.Insect species feeding on those crops may develop resistance to the plants and could do so in a hurry, say the critics.Insects may also develop a resistance to the insecticide Bt.
At the forum on GM food held last year in Canada,GM crops that have been made resistant to the herbicide might crossbreed with wild plants,creating"superweeds"that could take over whole fields.
So where do you stand?Should GM foods be banned in the United States,as they are in parts of Europe?Or do their benefits outweigh any of the risks they might carry?
Paragraphs 1,2&3 try to give the idea that______.
A: GM foods are particularly good to the kwashiorkor patients
B: GM foods may have both benefits and harm
C: we cannot recognize the benefits of GM foods too early
D: GM foods may bring about great benefits to humans
Food Fright
Experiments under way in several labs aim to create beneficial types of genetically modified(GM)foods,including starchier potatoes and caffeine-free coffee beans.Genetic engineers are even trying to transfer genes from a cold-water fish to make a frost-resistant tomato.A low-sugar GM strawberry now in the works might one day allow people with health problems such as diabetes to enjoy the little delicious red fruits again.GM beans and grains supercharged with protein might help people at risk of developing kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor,a disease caused by severe lack of protein,is common in parts of the world where there are severe food shortages.
Commenting on GM foods,Jonathon Jones,a British researcher,said,"The future benefits will be enormous,and the best is yet to come."
To some people,GM foods are no different from unmodified foods."A tomato is a tomato," said Brian Sansoni,an American food manufacturer.
Critics of GM foods challenge Sansoni's opinion.They worry about the harm that GM crops might do to people,other animals,and plants.
In a recent lab study conducted at Cornell University,scientists tested pollen made by Bt corn,which makes up one-fourth of the U .S.corn crop.The scientist sprinkled the pollen onto milkweed,a plant that makes a milky juice and is the only known food source of the monarch but-terfly caterpillar. Within four days of munching on the milkweed leaves,almost half of a test group of caterpillars had died."Monarchs are considered to be a flagship species for conservation,"said Cornell researcher Linda Raynor."This is a warning bell."
Some insects that are not killed by GM foods might find themselves made stronger. How so? The insecticides used to protect most of today's crops are sprayed on the crops when needed and decay quickly in the environment.But GM plants produce a continuous level of insecticide.Insect species feeding on those crops may develop resistance to the plants and could do so in a hurry, say the critics.Insects may also develop a resistance to the insecticide Bt.
At the forum on GM food held last year in Canada,GM crops that have been made resistant to the herbicide might crossbreed with wild plants,creating"superweeds"that could take over whole fields.
So where do you stand?Should GM foods be banned in the United States,as they are in parts of Europe?Or do their benefits outweigh any of the risks they might carry?
Paragraphs 1,2&3 try to give the idea that______.
A: GM foods are particularly good to the kwashiorkor patients
B: GM foods may have both benefits and harm
C: we cannot recognize the benefits of GM foods too early
D: GM foods may bring about great benefits to humans
The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.
A:effort
B:problem
C:concern
D: influence
A:effort
B:problem
C:concern
D: influence
共用题干
The History of the Fridge 1 The fridge is considered a necessity.It has been so since the l960s when packaged food first appeared with the label:"store in the refrigerator." 2 In my fridgeless fifties childhood,I was fed well and healthily.The milkman came daily,the grocer, the butcher,the baker,and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week.The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes.Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food.Thirty years on,food deliveries have ceased,fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. 3 The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling,drying'smoking'salting'sugaring,bottling… 4 What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity,marketing soft drinks,marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of。good price. 5 Consequently,most of the world's fridges are to be found,not in the tropics where they might prove useful,but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.Every winter,millions of fridges hum away continuously and at vast expense,busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside,nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. 6 The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident,while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant.If you don't believe me,try it yourself.Invest in。food cabinet（橱柜）and turn off your fridge next winter.You may miss the hamburgers but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.
Paragraph 4______
A:The Invention of the Fridge
B:The Pollution Caused by Fridges
C:The Widespread Need for Fridges
D:The Days Without the Fridge
E:The Waste of Energy Caused by Fridges
F:The Fridge's Contribution to Commerce
The History of the Fridge 1 The fridge is considered a necessity.It has been so since the l960s when packaged food first appeared with the label:"store in the refrigerator." 2 In my fridgeless fifties childhood,I was fed well and healthily.The milkman came daily,the grocer, the butcher,the baker,and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week.The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes.Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food.Thirty years on,food deliveries have ceased,fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. 3 The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling,drying'smoking'salting'sugaring,bottling… 4 What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity,marketing soft drinks,marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of。good price. 5 Consequently,most of the world's fridges are to be found,not in the tropics where they might prove useful,but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.Every winter,millions of fridges hum away continuously and at vast expense,busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside,nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. 6 The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident,while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant.If you don't believe me,try it yourself.Invest in。food cabinet（橱柜）and turn off your fridge next winter.You may miss the hamburgers but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.
Paragraph 4______
A:The Invention of the Fridge
B:The Pollution Caused by Fridges
C:The Widespread Need for Fridges
D:The Days Without the Fridge
E:The Waste of Energy Caused by Fridges
F:The Fridge's Contribution to Commerce
共用题干
Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters
It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to1people frequently. But these fish perform a2service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing are threatening their3.Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from4.
Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas5their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,6people also swim. In fact,most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person7a sea animal,such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up.Those are the8 when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.
A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in wa-ter,such as blood,body liquids and9 produced by animals. These powerful10help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish,any11sharks,and plants that live in the ocean.
Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense,and immune 12against disease. Researchers know that sharks13quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.
Sharks are important for the world's14.They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too15．This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
4._________
A: space
B: sky
C: land
D: earth
Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters
It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to1people frequently. But these fish perform a2service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing are threatening their3.Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from4.
Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas5their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,6people also swim. In fact,most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person7a sea animal,such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up.Those are the8 when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.
A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in wa-ter,such as blood,body liquids and9 produced by animals. These powerful10help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish,any11sharks,and plants that live in the ocean.
Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense,and immune 12against disease. Researchers know that sharks13quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.
Sharks are important for the world's14.They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too15．This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
4._________
A: space
B: sky
C: land
D: earth
共用题干
Language and Infants
How important is language to young children?Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thirteenth century it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent.
Within the first year,all the infants died.People realized clearly in this case that there was more than deprivation of language._______(46)Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such cruel deprivation is allowed to exist that ordered by Frederick.Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly.There are critical times,it seems,when children learn more readily._______(47)A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time,but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Linguists learn that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ (Intelligence Quotient).At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds;at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands;at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words._______(48)
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.What is special about Man's brain,compared with that of the monkey,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a teddy-bear with the sound pattern"teddy-bear"._______ (49)
But speech has to be triggered,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the child's babbling,clinging,grasping,crying,smiling,and responds to them._______(50)Sensitivity to the children's non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language.
________（49）
A:At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences,and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
B:What was missing was good mothering.
C:Lots of information about benefits of baby signing and best ways to go about it can be found.
D:Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.
E:If these sensitive periods are neglected,the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.
F:And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways.
Language and Infants
How important is language to young children?Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thirteenth century it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent.
Within the first year,all the infants died.People realized clearly in this case that there was more than deprivation of language._______(46)Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such cruel deprivation is allowed to exist that ordered by Frederick.Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly.There are critical times,it seems,when children learn more readily._______(47)A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time,but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Linguists learn that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ (Intelligence Quotient).At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds;at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands;at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words._______(48)
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.What is special about Man's brain,compared with that of the monkey,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a teddy-bear with the sound pattern"teddy-bear"._______ (49)
But speech has to be triggered,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the child's babbling,clinging,grasping,crying,smiling,and responds to them._______(50)Sensitivity to the children's non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language.
________（49）
A:At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences,and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
B:What was missing was good mothering.
C:Lots of information about benefits of baby signing and best ways to go about it can be found.
D:Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.
E:If these sensitive periods are neglected,the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.
F:And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways.
共用题干
Migrant（移民的）Workers
In the past twenty years,there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move
from one country to another. While some countries have restricted（限制）most
___________(1)to local people,others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.
This is particularly the case in the Middle East,___________(2)increased oil incomes
have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities（设施）.Thus the
Middle East has attracted oil-workers___________(3)the U. S.
A. and Europe.It has
also brought in workers from many other countries,___________(4)South Korea and
Japan.
In view of the difficul州lying and working___________(5)in the Middle East,it is not
surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians
can___________(6)at least twice as much money the Middle East as they can in their
own country, and this is a major ___________(7).
Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating(补偿的) advantage.For example,
the___________(8)living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have
to___________(9)on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way,many migrant
workers can save large sums of money partly because of the___________(10)of
entertainment（娱乐）facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this
merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems
rather than do___________(11)work in their home country.
One major problem which___________(12)migrant workers in the Middle East is that
their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on___________(13),so it is not
easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be___________(14)since
no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.In any
___________ (15),migrant workers accept this disadvantage,along with others,
because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.
_________(12)
A:invites
B:affects
C:needs
D:hates
Migrant（移民的）Workers
In the past twenty years,there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move
from one country to another. While some countries have restricted（限制）most
___________(1)to local people,others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.
This is particularly the case in the Middle East,___________(2)increased oil incomes
have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities（设施）.Thus the
Middle East has attracted oil-workers___________(3)the U. S.
A. and Europe.It has
also brought in workers from many other countries,___________(4)South Korea and
Japan.
In view of the difficul州lying and working___________(5)in the Middle East,it is not
surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians
can___________(6)at least twice as much money the Middle East as they can in their
own country, and this is a major ___________(7).
Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating(补偿的) advantage.For example,
the___________(8)living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have
to___________(9)on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way,many migrant
workers can save large sums of money partly because of the___________(10)of
entertainment（娱乐）facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this
merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems
rather than do___________(11)work in their home country.
One major problem which___________(12)migrant workers in the Middle East is that
their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on___________(13),so it is not
easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be___________(14)since
no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.In any
___________ (15),migrant workers accept this disadvantage,along with others,
because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.
_________(12)
A:invites
B:affects
C:needs
D:hates
共用题干
Global Warming
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists1the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase2the world's temperatures and are convinced that,more than3before,the Earth is at4from the forces of the wind,rain and sun.5to them,global warming is making extreme weather events,6as hurricanes and droughts,even more7and causing sea levels all around the world to8.
Environmental groups are putting9on governments to take action to reduce the 10 of carbon dioxide which is given 11 by factories and power plants,thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in12of more money being spent on research into so-lar,wind and wave energy devices,which could then replace existing power13.
Some scientists,14believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow,we would have to wait15hundred years to notice the results. Global warming,it seems,is here to stay.
7._________
A: strict
B: severe
C: strong
D: heavy
Global Warming
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists1the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase2the world's temperatures and are convinced that,more than3before,the Earth is at4from the forces of the wind,rain and sun.5to them,global warming is making extreme weather events,6as hurricanes and droughts,even more7and causing sea levels all around the world to8.
Environmental groups are putting9on governments to take action to reduce the 10 of carbon dioxide which is given 11 by factories and power plants,thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in12of more money being spent on research into so-lar,wind and wave energy devices,which could then replace existing power13.
Some scientists,14believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow,we would have to wait15hundred years to notice the results. Global warming,it seems,is here to stay.
7._________
A: strict
B: severe
C: strong
D: heavy
共用题干
Ford
1 Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process一not invention.Long before he
started a car company,he was a worker,known for picking up pieces of metal and wire
and turning them into machines.He started putting cars together in 1891.Although it was
by no means the first popular automobile,the Model T showed the world just how creative
Ford was at combining technology and market.
2 The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive
（高速运转）.Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who
were great toolmakers from Scotland,organized teams that added parts to each Model T as
it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming（嗡嗡作响）
along in 1914,the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.
3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the$5-a-day minimum wage
scheme,the greatest contribution he had ever made.The average wage in the auto
industry then was$2.34 for a 9-hour shift.Ford not only doubled that,he also took an
hour off the workday.In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much
for doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education.The Wall Street
Journal called the plan"an economic crime",and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.
4 But as the wage increased later to daily$10,it proved a critical component of Ford's
dream to make the automobile accessible（可及的）to all. The critics were too stupid to
understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car,the higher wages didn't
matter一except for making it possible for more people to buy cars.
Paragraph 1_________
A:Ford's opponents
B:The assembly line
C:Ford's great dream
D:The establishment of the company
E:Ford's biggest contribution
F:Ford's great talent
Ford
1 Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process一not invention.Long before he
started a car company,he was a worker,known for picking up pieces of metal and wire
and turning them into machines.He started putting cars together in 1891.Although it was
by no means the first popular automobile,the Model T showed the world just how creative
Ford was at combining technology and market.
2 The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive
（高速运转）.Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who
were great toolmakers from Scotland,organized teams that added parts to each Model T as
it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming（嗡嗡作响）
along in 1914,the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.
3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the$5-a-day minimum wage
scheme,the greatest contribution he had ever made.The average wage in the auto
industry then was$2.34 for a 9-hour shift.Ford not only doubled that,he also took an
hour off the workday.In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much
for doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education.The Wall Street
Journal called the plan"an economic crime",and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.
4 But as the wage increased later to daily$10,it proved a critical component of Ford's
dream to make the automobile accessible（可及的）to all. The critics were too stupid to
understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car,the higher wages didn't
matter一except for making it possible for more people to buy cars.
Paragraph 1_________
A:Ford's opponents
B:The assembly line
C:Ford's great dream
D:The establishment of the company
E:Ford's biggest contribution
F:Ford's great talent
共用题干
第二篇
Bullying at school can have serious and harmful negative effects.Because it causes such a problem for many schools,it is important that schools take the appropriate action to minimize its harmful effects.
One of the most influential steps that a school can take against bullying is to research and develop a firm understanding of the specific types of bullying the students at the school are facing. Administrators should conduct monthly surveys that ask students about their experiences with bullying, such as whether they were bullied in the past month,whether they witnessed bullying and issues that they think the school administrators should have known about. Administrators should also survey the school's teachers to find out what they know about bullying.
Another step that a school administration can take to prevent bullying is to train its teachers, administrators and students' parents about bullying. Hold seminars in your school district to teach parents about ways to communicate with their children if they are bullied at school.Conduct workshops with professional speakers or psychology experts about recognizing the signs of bullying in the classroom for teachers and administrators in your school district.Create newsletters for parents about detail strategies your school is taking to combat bullying or discuss new research on bullying in schools.
Last but not least school administrators,teachers and school board members should work together to create a disciplinary plan to use when situations of bullying arise.Make teachers work together in groups to discuss the strategies that they use for dealing with bullying in their individual classrooms.Developing a plan when bullying arises is important in helping students realize that they will face consequences if they choose to bully their peers.Having a disciplinary system in place can help prevent bullying before it even begins.
About training parents,teachers and administrators about bullying,which of the following statements is NOT true?
A:Seminars should be held to teach parents how to communicate with bullied children.
B:Workshops set up by teachers can recognize signs of bullying at school.
C:Newsletters should be used to inform parents of school's strategies against bullying.
D:Newsletters can be used to discuss research on school bullying.
第二篇
Bullying at school can have serious and harmful negative effects.Because it causes such a problem for many schools,it is important that schools take the appropriate action to minimize its harmful effects.
One of the most influential steps that a school can take against bullying is to research and develop a firm understanding of the specific types of bullying the students at the school are facing. Administrators should conduct monthly surveys that ask students about their experiences with bullying, such as whether they were bullied in the past month,whether they witnessed bullying and issues that they think the school administrators should have known about. Administrators should also survey the school's teachers to find out what they know about bullying.
Another step that a school administration can take to prevent bullying is to train its teachers, administrators and students' parents about bullying. Hold seminars in your school district to teach parents about ways to communicate with their children if they are bullied at school.Conduct workshops with professional speakers or psychology experts about recognizing the signs of bullying in the classroom for teachers and administrators in your school district.Create newsletters for parents about detail strategies your school is taking to combat bullying or discuss new research on bullying in schools.
Last but not least school administrators,teachers and school board members should work together to create a disciplinary plan to use when situations of bullying arise.Make teachers work together in groups to discuss the strategies that they use for dealing with bullying in their individual classrooms.Developing a plan when bullying arises is important in helping students realize that they will face consequences if they choose to bully their peers.Having a disciplinary system in place can help prevent bullying before it even begins.
About training parents,teachers and administrators about bullying,which of the following statements is NOT true?
A:Seminars should be held to teach parents how to communicate with bullied children.
B:Workshops set up by teachers can recognize signs of bullying at school.
C:Newsletters should be used to inform parents of school's strategies against bullying.
D:Newsletters can be used to discuss research on school bullying.
共用题干
Where Did All the Ships Go?
The Bermuda Triangle is one______(51)the greatest mysteries of the sea.In this triangular area between Florida,Puerto Rico and Bermuda in Atlantic,ships and airplanes_(52)to disappear more often than in______(53)parts of the ocean.And they do so______(54)leaving any sign of all accidents or any dead bodies.
It is_______(55)that Christopher Columbus was the first person to record strange happenings in the area.His compass stopped working,a flame came down from the sky,and a wave 100 to 200 feet high carried his ship about a mile away. The most famous disappearance in the Bermuda Triangle was the US Naval Air Right 19.______(56) December 5,1945,five bomber planes carrying 14 men______(57)on a training mission from the Florida coast.Later that day,all communications with Flight 19 were lost.They just disappeared without a trace.
The next morning,242 planes and 19 ships took part in the largest air-sea search in history.But they found nothing. Some people blame the disappearances______(58)supernatural forces.It is suggested that the ______(59)ships and planes were either transported to other times and places,kidnapped by aliens ______( 60 ) attacked by sea creatures. There are______(61)natural explanations,though.The US Navy says that the Bermuda Triangle is one of two places on earth______（62)a magnetic compass points towards true north______(63) magnetjc north.______(64),planes and ships can lose their way if they don't make adjustments.
The area also has changing weather and is known______(65)its high waves.Storms can turn up suddenly and destroy a plane or ship.Fast currents could then sweep away any trace of an accident.
55._________
A:saying
B:being said
C:said
D:says
Where Did All the Ships Go?
The Bermuda Triangle is one______(51)the greatest mysteries of the sea.In this triangular area between Florida,Puerto Rico and Bermuda in Atlantic,ships and airplanes_(52)to disappear more often than in______(53)parts of the ocean.And they do so______(54)leaving any sign of all accidents or any dead bodies.
It is_______(55)that Christopher Columbus was the first person to record strange happenings in the area.His compass stopped working,a flame came down from the sky,and a wave 100 to 200 feet high carried his ship about a mile away. The most famous disappearance in the Bermuda Triangle was the US Naval Air Right 19.______(56) December 5,1945,five bomber planes carrying 14 men______(57)on a training mission from the Florida coast.Later that day,all communications with Flight 19 were lost.They just disappeared without a trace.
The next morning,242 planes and 19 ships took part in the largest air-sea search in history.But they found nothing. Some people blame the disappearances______(58)supernatural forces.It is suggested that the ______(59)ships and planes were either transported to other times and places,kidnapped by aliens ______( 60 ) attacked by sea creatures. There are______(61)natural explanations,though.The US Navy says that the Bermuda Triangle is one of two places on earth______（62)a magnetic compass points towards true north______(63) magnetjc north.______(64),planes and ships can lose their way if they don't make adjustments.
The area also has changing weather and is known______(65)its high waves.Storms can turn up suddenly and destroy a plane or ship.Fast currents could then sweep away any trace of an accident.
55._________
A:saying
B:being said
C:said
D:says
共用题干
People in Beijing wear a lot of clothing during winter to fend（抵御）off the cold.In the United States,however,people wear________(51),partly because the car is the primary mode of transportation.Cars take_________(52)straight to their workplaces,which are heated well.The American diet is full of calories,so their__________(53)can afford to burn heat more quickly.
Fewer layers of clothing give people the opportunity to stay__________(54).Lots of Yale girls wear skirts _________( 55 ) when it's 10 degrees Centigrade（摄氏温度的）outside. Some of them at least wear boots,tights（裤袜）,and leg-warmers（暖腿套）.Some,however,really just go for（选择）the look__________(56)the risk of health.These girls have nothing to prevent their legs _________( 57 ) the wind , and no socks to protect their feet. A mini skirt and a pair of stilettos（细高跟鞋）are all that they wear.
Typically,the ones pursuing fashion are__________(58),with little body fat. Just by the nature of their bodies,they are already at a disadvantage compared with normal people in__________(59) weather. I have always _________(60) ,whenever I pass these girls,how they manage to refrain from shivering and just smile like spring had arrived.
And then there are the guys.The girls can be said to_________(61)health for beauty.But why do guys________(62 ) so little? It is not like , once they shed（脱掉）some layers , they suddenly become better-looking. They are not exactly being fashionable when they__________(63)wear sporty （花哨的）shorts and shower slippers in the midst of winter. It's not cute（喜人的）.
Of course,people have the freedom to look whatever_________(64)they want. I am just surprised that,given the vast difference between winter and summer temperatures in Connecticut,they can still________(65)like they are partying on the beach in the middle of February.
_________(63)
A:only
B:seldom
C:rarely
D:hardly
People in Beijing wear a lot of clothing during winter to fend（抵御）off the cold.In the United States,however,people wear________(51),partly because the car is the primary mode of transportation.Cars take_________(52)straight to their workplaces,which are heated well.The American diet is full of calories,so their__________(53)can afford to burn heat more quickly.
Fewer layers of clothing give people the opportunity to stay__________(54).Lots of Yale girls wear skirts _________( 55 ) when it's 10 degrees Centigrade（摄氏温度的）outside. Some of them at least wear boots,tights（裤袜）,and leg-warmers（暖腿套）.Some,however,really just go for（选择）the look__________(56)the risk of health.These girls have nothing to prevent their legs _________( 57 ) the wind , and no socks to protect their feet. A mini skirt and a pair of stilettos（细高跟鞋）are all that they wear.
Typically,the ones pursuing fashion are__________(58),with little body fat. Just by the nature of their bodies,they are already at a disadvantage compared with normal people in__________(59) weather. I have always _________(60) ,whenever I pass these girls,how they manage to refrain from shivering and just smile like spring had arrived.
And then there are the guys.The girls can be said to_________(61)health for beauty.But why do guys________(62 ) so little? It is not like , once they shed（脱掉）some layers , they suddenly become better-looking. They are not exactly being fashionable when they__________(63)wear sporty （花哨的）shorts and shower slippers in the midst of winter. It's not cute（喜人的）.
Of course,people have the freedom to look whatever_________(64)they want. I am just surprised that,given the vast difference between winter and summer temperatures in Connecticut,they can still________(65)like they are partying on the beach in the middle of February.
_________(63)
A:only
B:seldom
C:rarely
D:hardly
共用题干
第三篇
Egypt Felled by Famine
Even ancient Egypt's mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the famine that helped
bring down their civilization around 2180 BC. Now evidence gleaned（搜集）from mud deposited by the River
Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame一and the
same or worse could happen today.
The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile's annual floods to irrigate their crops.But any change in
climate that pushed the African monsoons（季风）southwards out of Ethiopia would have diminished these
floods.
Dwindling（逐渐变少；使变少）rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to
establish the soil.When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into
Egypt,along with sediment（沉积；沉积物）from the White Nile.
The Blue Nile mud has a different isotope（同位素；核素）signature from that of the White Nile. So by
analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta,Michael Krom of Leeds University worked
out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river.
Krom reasons that during periods of drought,the amount of the Blue Nile mud in the river would be
relatively high.He found that one of these periods,from 4,500 to 4,200 years ago,immediately predated the
fall of the Egypt's old Kingdom.
The weakened waters would have been catastrophic for the Egyptians."Changes that affect food supply
don't have to be very large to have a ripple effect in societies,"says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth
Observatory（天文台）in New York.
"Similar events today could be even more devastating,"says team member Daniel Stanley,a
geoarchaeologist（地质考古学家）from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington , D. C. " Anything humans
do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system because the populations
have increased dramatically."
Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilization of ancient Egypt?
A:Change of climate.
B:Famine.
C:Food.
D:Population growth.
第三篇
Egypt Felled by Famine
Even ancient Egypt's mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the famine that helped
bring down their civilization around 2180 BC. Now evidence gleaned（搜集）from mud deposited by the River
Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame一and the
same or worse could happen today.
The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile's annual floods to irrigate their crops.But any change in
climate that pushed the African monsoons（季风）southwards out of Ethiopia would have diminished these
floods.
Dwindling（逐渐变少；使变少）rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to
establish the soil.When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into
Egypt,along with sediment（沉积；沉积物）from the White Nile.
The Blue Nile mud has a different isotope（同位素；核素）signature from that of the White Nile. So by
analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta,Michael Krom of Leeds University worked
out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river.
Krom reasons that during periods of drought,the amount of the Blue Nile mud in the river would be
relatively high.He found that one of these periods,from 4,500 to 4,200 years ago,immediately predated the
fall of the Egypt's old Kingdom.
The weakened waters would have been catastrophic for the Egyptians."Changes that affect food supply
don't have to be very large to have a ripple effect in societies,"says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth
Observatory（天文台）in New York.
"Similar events today could be even more devastating,"says team member Daniel Stanley,a
geoarchaeologist（地质考古学家）from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington , D. C. " Anything humans
do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system because the populations
have increased dramatically."
Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilization of ancient Egypt?
A:Change of climate.
B:Famine.
C:Food.
D:Population growth.
共用题干
Chimpanzees
1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）will soon be extinct（灭绝）.If the present rate of hunting and habitat（栖息地）destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲剧）.Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications（含意）for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.
2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority（优先）.But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.
3 The chimpanzees' trump card（王牌）comes in the field of medical research. Chimpan-zees are so similar to humans that veterinarians（兽医）often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.
4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-clined because they are so resistant.
5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpan-zee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the altera-tion（改变）of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequen-cing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.
Scientists suspect that genes play a significant role in protecting chimps from getting______.
A: some human disease treatments
B: some diseases
C: human survival
D: human genomes
E: key areas
F: healthier lifestyle
Chimpanzees
1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）will soon be extinct（灭绝）.If the present rate of hunting and habitat（栖息地）destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲剧）.Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications（含意）for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.
2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority（优先）.But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.
3 The chimpanzees' trump card（王牌）comes in the field of medical research. Chimpan-zees are so similar to humans that veterinarians（兽医）often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.
4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-clined because they are so resistant.
5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpan-zee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the altera-tion（改变）of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequen-cing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.
Scientists suspect that genes play a significant role in protecting chimps from getting______.
A: some human disease treatments
B: some diseases
C: human survival
D: human genomes
E: key areas
F: healthier lifestyle
共用题干
第一篇
A Sunshade（遮阳伞）for the Planet
Even with the best will in the world,reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time,resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.
Fortunately,if the worst comes to the worst,scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now,that is a growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale"geoengineering"projects that might be used to counteract global warming."I use the analogy of methadone,"says Stephen Schneider,a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming."If you have a heroin addict,the correct treatment is hospitalization,and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse,methadone is better than heroin."
Basically the idea is to apply"sunscreen"to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth:launch trillions of feather-light discs into space,where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun's rays.It's controversial,but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 percent of the incident energy in the sun's rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.That could be crucial,because even the most severe emissions control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century,and that would last for at least a century more.
According to the first two paragraphs,the author thinks that______.
A:strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming
B:It is impossible to prevent global warming by reducing carbon emissions
C:despite the difficulty,scientists have some options to prevent global warming
D:actions suggested by scientists will never be realized
第一篇
A Sunshade（遮阳伞）for the Planet
Even with the best will in the world,reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time,resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.
Fortunately,if the worst comes to the worst,scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now,that is a growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale"geoengineering"projects that might be used to counteract global warming."I use the analogy of methadone,"says Stephen Schneider,a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming."If you have a heroin addict,the correct treatment is hospitalization,and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse,methadone is better than heroin."
Basically the idea is to apply"sunscreen"to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth:launch trillions of feather-light discs into space,where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun's rays.It's controversial,but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 percent of the incident energy in the sun's rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.That could be crucial,because even the most severe emissions control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century,and that would last for at least a century more.
According to the first two paragraphs,the author thinks that______.
A:strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming
B:It is impossible to prevent global warming by reducing carbon emissions
C:despite the difficulty,scientists have some options to prevent global warming
D:actions suggested by scientists will never be realized
共用题干
California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power
Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality,now that California has given the green
light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatts（兆瓦）of power
beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major challenges will have to be
overcome if the technology is to be used widely.
A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites,which it says will use radio waves to beam
energy down to a receiving station on Earth.
The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in geo-
synchronous（与地球同步的）orbit. Earth-based solar cells , by contrast , can only collect sun light during day-
time and when skies are clear.
But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things in-
to space,says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana."if you're talking about it being
economically viable for power of the Earth,it's a tough go,"he says.
Cal Boerman,Solaren's director of energy services,says the company designed its satellites with a view
to keeping launch costs down."We knew we had to come up with a different,revolutionary design,"he says.
A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system's weight,including using inflatable mir-
rors to focus sunlight on solar cells,so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy.
But using mirrors introduces other challenges,including keeping the solar cells from overheating,says
Schwartz."You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because you're now concentrating a lot of energy
in one place,"he says.According to the company's patent,Solaren's solar cells will be connected to radia-
tors to help keep them cool.
Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work,it is not expec-
ting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy.Laws in California and other states require increasing use
of renewable energy in coming years,he points out."To meet those needs,we're going to need all types of
renewable energy sources,"he says.
Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power
Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality,now that California has given the green
light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatts（兆瓦）of power
beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major challenges will have to be
overcome if the technology is to be used widely.
A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites,which it says will use radio waves to beam
energy down to a receiving station on Earth.
The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in geo-
synchronous（与地球同步的）orbit. Earth-based solar cells , by contrast , can only collect sun light during day-
time and when skies are clear.
But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things in-
to space,says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana."if you're talking about it being
economically viable for power of the Earth,it's a tough go,"he says.
Cal Boerman,Solaren's director of energy services,says the company designed its satellites with a view
to keeping launch costs down."We knew we had to come up with a different,revolutionary design,"he says.
A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system's weight,including using inflatable mir-
rors to focus sunlight on solar cells,so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy.
But using mirrors introduces other challenges,including keeping the solar cells from overheating,says
Schwartz."You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because you're now concentrating a lot of energy
in one place,"he says.According to the company's patent,Solaren's solar cells will be connected to radia-
tors to help keep them cool.
Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work,it is not expec-
ting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy.Laws in California and other states require increasing use
of renewable energy in coming years,he points out."To meet those needs,we're going to need all types of
renewable energy sources,"he says.
Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned