共用题干
Global Warming
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists1the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase2the world's temperatures and are convinced that,more than3before,the Earth is at4from the forces of the wind,rain and sun.5to them,global warming is making extreme weather events,6as hurricanes and droughts,even more7and causing sea levels all around the world to8.
Environmental groups are putting9on governments to take action to reduce the 10 of carbon dioxide which is given 11 by factories and power plants,thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in12of more money being spent on research into so-lar,wind and wave energy devices,which could then replace existing power13.
Some scientists,14believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow,we would have to wait15hundred years to notice the results. Global warming,it seems,is here to stay.
12._________
A: belief
B: request
C: favour
D: suggestion
Global Warming
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists1the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase2the world's temperatures and are convinced that,more than3before,the Earth is at4from the forces of the wind,rain and sun.5to them,global warming is making extreme weather events,6as hurricanes and droughts,even more7and causing sea levels all around the world to8.
Environmental groups are putting9on governments to take action to reduce the 10 of carbon dioxide which is given 11 by factories and power plants,thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in12of more money being spent on research into so-lar,wind and wave energy devices,which could then replace existing power13.
Some scientists,14believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow,we would have to wait15hundred years to notice the results. Global warming,it seems,is here to stay.
12._________
A: belief
B: request
C: favour
D: suggestion
共用题干
第二篇
Explorer of the Extreme Deep
Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet.Yet,just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored.Now,Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution(WHOI)in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,325.5 feet).The new machine,known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV),will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery,playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions.Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters(14,763.8 feet).It's about time for an upgrade,WHOI researchers say.
Alvin was launched in 1964.Since then,Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari,a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI.During its lifetime,Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives.A newer,better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries,Fornari says.It might also make the job of exploration a little easier."We take so much for granted on land."Fornari says."We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are.We can see colors,special arrangements."
Size-wise,the new HOV will be similar to Alvin.It'll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere,about 8 feet wide,like Alvin.It'll carry a pilot and two passengers.It will be just as maneuverable.In most other ways,it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view,for one thing. Alvin has only three windows,the new vehicle will have five,with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.
Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second,and its maximum speed is 2 knots(about 2.3 miles per hour),while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second.It'll reach speeds of 3 knots,or 3.5 miles per hour.
What is Alvin?
A:A research institute.
B:A transporting vehicle.
C:A submersible.
D:A scientist.
第二篇
Explorer of the Extreme Deep
Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet.Yet,just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored.Now,Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution(WHOI)in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,325.5 feet).The new machine,known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV),will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery,playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions.Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters(14,763.8 feet).It's about time for an upgrade,WHOI researchers say.
Alvin was launched in 1964.Since then,Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari,a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI.During its lifetime,Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives.A newer,better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries,Fornari says.It might also make the job of exploration a little easier."We take so much for granted on land."Fornari says."We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are.We can see colors,special arrangements."
Size-wise,the new HOV will be similar to Alvin.It'll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere,about 8 feet wide,like Alvin.It'll carry a pilot and two passengers.It will be just as maneuverable.In most other ways,it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view,for one thing. Alvin has only three windows,the new vehicle will have five,with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.
Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second,and its maximum speed is 2 knots(about 2.3 miles per hour),while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second.It'll reach speeds of 3 knots,or 3.5 miles per hour.
What is Alvin?
A:A research institute.
B:A transporting vehicle.
C:A submersible.
D:A scientist.
It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.
A:simply
B:almost
C:totally
D:completely
A:simply
B:almost
C:totally
D:completely
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Choset began to build robots in high school.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Choset began to build robots in high school.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
Global Warming
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists1the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase2the world's temperatures and are convinced that,more than3before,the Earth is at4from the forces of the wind,rain and sun.5to them,global warming is making extreme weather events,6as hurricanes and droughts,even more7and causing sea levels all around the world to8.
Environmental groups are putting9on governments to take action to reduce the 10 of carbon dioxide which is given 11 by factories and power plants,thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in12of more money being spent on research into so-lar,wind and wave energy devices,which could then replace existing power13.
Some scientists,14believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow,we would have to wait15hundred years to notice the results. Global warming,it seems,is here to stay.
14._________
A: but
B: although
C: despite
D: however
Global Warming
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists1the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase2the world's temperatures and are convinced that,more than3before,the Earth is at4from the forces of the wind,rain and sun.5to them,global warming is making extreme weather events,6as hurricanes and droughts,even more7and causing sea levels all around the world to8.
Environmental groups are putting9on governments to take action to reduce the 10 of carbon dioxide which is given 11 by factories and power plants,thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in12of more money being spent on research into so-lar,wind and wave energy devices,which could then replace existing power13.
Some scientists,14believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow,we would have to wait15hundred years to notice the results. Global warming,it seems,is here to stay.
14._________
A: but
B: although
C: despite
D: however
共用题干
The Impact of Antarctic Ozone Hole
The Antarctic ozone（臭氧）hole is changing weather patterns across the Southern Hemisphere （半球）,even affecting the tropics,scientists have concluded. The scientists______(51)the new study added the ozone hole into standard climate models to_______(52)how it might have affected winds and rains. They say rainfall has moved further south towards the pole and the effect has been_______(53)strong over Australia.
And of_______(54)interest was the southward of the Southern Hemisphere jet stream. These high一altitude winds are_______(55)to determining weather patterns,in both hemispheres. Much of the cold weather felt in the UK_______(56)the last couple of winters,for example,was caused by blocking of the Northern Hemisphere stream.
The team found that overall,the ozone hole has_______(57)in rainfall moving south along with the winds._______(58)there are regional differences,particularly concerning Australia. In terms of the average for that zone,the ozone hole_______(59)about a 10% change一but for Australia,it's about 35%.
Their modeling indicated that global warming_______(60)greenhouse gas emissions is also a factor in changing rainfall patterns.
Natural climate cycles are also thought to be important here,as different rainfall patterns were _______(61)in the era before ozone depletion（消耗）and late 20th Century warming.
Although the_______(62)international organization has significantly checked emissions of harmful substances,they_______(63)for decades in the atmosphere,and so their effects are still being felt.Earlier,and international organization forecast that even the Antarctic ozone hole一which is more severe than its_______(64)in the Northern Hemisphere一should be_______(65)by 2045—2060.
_________(61)
A:predicted
B:noted
C:occurred
D:descended
The Impact of Antarctic Ozone Hole
The Antarctic ozone（臭氧）hole is changing weather patterns across the Southern Hemisphere （半球）,even affecting the tropics,scientists have concluded. The scientists______(51)the new study added the ozone hole into standard climate models to_______(52)how it might have affected winds and rains. They say rainfall has moved further south towards the pole and the effect has been_______(53)strong over Australia.
And of_______(54)interest was the southward of the Southern Hemisphere jet stream. These high一altitude winds are_______(55)to determining weather patterns,in both hemispheres. Much of the cold weather felt in the UK_______(56)the last couple of winters,for example,was caused by blocking of the Northern Hemisphere stream.
The team found that overall,the ozone hole has_______(57)in rainfall moving south along with the winds._______(58)there are regional differences,particularly concerning Australia. In terms of the average for that zone,the ozone hole_______(59)about a 10% change一but for Australia,it's about 35%.
Their modeling indicated that global warming_______(60)greenhouse gas emissions is also a factor in changing rainfall patterns.
Natural climate cycles are also thought to be important here,as different rainfall patterns were _______(61)in the era before ozone depletion（消耗）and late 20th Century warming.
Although the_______(62)international organization has significantly checked emissions of harmful substances,they_______(63)for decades in the atmosphere,and so their effects are still being felt.Earlier,and international organization forecast that even the Antarctic ozone hole一which is more severe than its_______(64)in the Northern Hemisphere一should be_______(65)by 2045—2060.
_________(61)
A:predicted
B:noted
C:occurred
D:descended
共用题干
The Roadrunner
The roadrunner（走雀）lives in the desert zone of the southwestern United States and
northern Mexico._________(1)People gave it its name because they usually see it
running across a road,but of course,it spends more time among the plants of the desert
than it does on roads.
The roadrunner is quite a large bird-about 45 centimeters long and 25 centimeters high.
______(2)It holds its head straight out in front and its tail sticks straight out in back.
It takes long steps and can run 30 kilometers an hour.
It eats an amazing variety of food.Although it eats plants once in a while,it is mostly a
meat eater.Most of its diet is insects,but it also catches birds,mice,and other small
animals.It is even brave enough to catch snakes and black widow spiders（蜘蛛）.
_________(3)When he finds one,he gives her presents a snake to eat or a tiny
branch of a tree to use in building a nest.Then they build their nest,the female lays eggs,
and they raise their young.
_________(4)One couple in Arizona feeds a pair of roadrunners that come once at
a time every day and make a noise outside the window.If someone doesn't give the bird a
piece of hamburger immediately,the bird knocks on the window with its beak（喙）.
Roadrunners are not shy.
__________(5)They will stand on a chair or table and watch television,and they
seem really interested in what is happening on the program.
__________（5）
A: Roadrunners can also become friendly with people.
B: People laugh when it runs because it looks so funny.
C: Itisabird,but it can only fly about as much as a chicken can.
D:In early spring,the bird doesn't eat anything.
E: Another couple feeds a pair of roadrunners that go right into the house.
F: In the spring,a male roadrunner begins looking for a female as a mate.
The Roadrunner
The roadrunner（走雀）lives in the desert zone of the southwestern United States and
northern Mexico._________(1)People gave it its name because they usually see it
running across a road,but of course,it spends more time among the plants of the desert
than it does on roads.
The roadrunner is quite a large bird-about 45 centimeters long and 25 centimeters high.
______(2)It holds its head straight out in front and its tail sticks straight out in back.
It takes long steps and can run 30 kilometers an hour.
It eats an amazing variety of food.Although it eats plants once in a while,it is mostly a
meat eater.Most of its diet is insects,but it also catches birds,mice,and other small
animals.It is even brave enough to catch snakes and black widow spiders（蜘蛛）.
_________(3)When he finds one,he gives her presents a snake to eat or a tiny
branch of a tree to use in building a nest.Then they build their nest,the female lays eggs,
and they raise their young.
_________(4)One couple in Arizona feeds a pair of roadrunners that come once at
a time every day and make a noise outside the window.If someone doesn't give the bird a
piece of hamburger immediately,the bird knocks on the window with its beak（喙）.
Roadrunners are not shy.
__________(5)They will stand on a chair or table and watch television,and they
seem really interested in what is happening on the program.
__________（5）
A: Roadrunners can also become friendly with people.
B: People laugh when it runs because it looks so funny.
C: Itisabird,but it can only fly about as much as a chicken can.
D:In early spring,the bird doesn't eat anything.
E: Another couple feeds a pair of roadrunners that go right into the house.
F: In the spring,a male roadrunner begins looking for a female as a mate.
共用题干
Napping to a Healthier Heart?
1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.
6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.
Paragraph 4______
A:More Questions to Be Asked
B:Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNP
C:Development of a Simple But Important Test
D:Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart Disease
E:How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNP
F:Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease
Napping to a Healthier Heart?
1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.
3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.
6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.
Paragraph 4______
A:More Questions to Be Asked
B:Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNP
C:Development of a Simple But Important Test
D:Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart Disease
E:How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNP
F:Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease
共用题干
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what's going on in the world;they're af-fected by what's going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who'ye just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what's going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example,poorer children think coins are larger than they are,and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted to investi-gate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a lit-tle later as the brain's high-level thinking processes get involved.
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test,each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the ex-periment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment,the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one,80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that
the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word,each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen一a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word ap-peared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen,this means that the difference is in perception,not in thinking processes,Radel says.
“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment,I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our mo-tives and needs,”Radel says.
It can be learnt from what Radel says that______.
A: humans'thinking processes are independent of their senses
B: an experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable
C: humans can perceive what they need without deep thinking processes
D: 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what's going on in the world;they're af-fected by what's going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who'ye just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what's going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example,poorer children think coins are larger than they are,and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted to investi-gate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a lit-tle later as the brain's high-level thinking processes get involved.
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test,each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the ex-periment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment,the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one,80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that
the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word,each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen一a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word ap-peared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen,this means that the difference is in perception,not in thinking processes,Radel says.
“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment,I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our mo-tives and needs,”Radel says.
It can be learnt from what Radel says that______.
A: humans'thinking processes are independent of their senses
B: an experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable
C: humans can perceive what they need without deep thinking processes
D: 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation
共用题干
第二篇
Therapeutic Touch
A nine-year-old schoolgirl single-handedly cooks up a science-fair equipment that ends up debunking a widely practiced medical treatment.Emily Rosa's target was a practice known as therapeutic touch(TF for short),whose advocates manipulate patients'"energy field"to make them feel better and even,say some,to cure them of various ills.Yet Emily's test shows that these energy fields can't be detected,even by trained TT practitioners.Obviously mindful of the publicity value of the situation,Journal editor George Lundberg appeared on TV to declare,"Age doesn't matter. It's good science that matters,and this is good science."
Emily's mother Linda Rosa,a registered nurse,has been campaigning against TT for nearly a decade.Linda first thought about TT in the late 80s,when she learned it was on the approval list for continuing nursing deduction in Colorado.Its 100,000 trained practitioners(48,000 in the U.S.)don't even touch their patients.Instead they waved their hands a few inches from the patient's body, pushing energy fields around until they are in"balance"．竹advocates say these manipulations can help heal wounds,relative pain and reduce fever. The claims are taken seriously enough that竹 therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals,at up to $70 an hour,to smooth patients' energy,sometimes during surgery.
Yet Rosa cold not find any evidence that it works.To provide such proof,TT therapists would have to sit down for independent testing一something they haven't been eager to do,even though James Randi has offered more than $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human energy field.(He has had one taker so far. She failed.)A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line.But who could turn down an innocent forth-grader? Says Emily:"I think they didn't take me very seriously because I am a kid."
The experiment was straightforward;21 Ti' therapists stuck their hands,palms up,through a screen.Emily held her own hand over one of their left or right一and the practitioners had to say which hand it was.When the results were recorded,they had done no better than they would have by simply guessing. If there was an energy field,they wouldn't feel it.
Very few TT practitioners responded to the $1 million offer because______.
A:they didn't take the offer seriously
B:they didn't want to risk their career
C:they were unwilling to reveal their secret
D:they thought it was not in line with their practice
第二篇
Therapeutic Touch
A nine-year-old schoolgirl single-handedly cooks up a science-fair equipment that ends up debunking a widely practiced medical treatment.Emily Rosa's target was a practice known as therapeutic touch(TF for short),whose advocates manipulate patients'"energy field"to make them feel better and even,say some,to cure them of various ills.Yet Emily's test shows that these energy fields can't be detected,even by trained TT practitioners.Obviously mindful of the publicity value of the situation,Journal editor George Lundberg appeared on TV to declare,"Age doesn't matter. It's good science that matters,and this is good science."
Emily's mother Linda Rosa,a registered nurse,has been campaigning against TT for nearly a decade.Linda first thought about TT in the late 80s,when she learned it was on the approval list for continuing nursing deduction in Colorado.Its 100,000 trained practitioners(48,000 in the U.S.)don't even touch their patients.Instead they waved their hands a few inches from the patient's body, pushing energy fields around until they are in"balance"．竹advocates say these manipulations can help heal wounds,relative pain and reduce fever. The claims are taken seriously enough that竹 therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals,at up to $70 an hour,to smooth patients' energy,sometimes during surgery.
Yet Rosa cold not find any evidence that it works.To provide such proof,TT therapists would have to sit down for independent testing一something they haven't been eager to do,even though James Randi has offered more than $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human energy field.(He has had one taker so far. She failed.)A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line.But who could turn down an innocent forth-grader? Says Emily:"I think they didn't take me very seriously because I am a kid."
The experiment was straightforward;21 Ti' therapists stuck their hands,palms up,through a screen.Emily held her own hand over one of their left or right一and the practitioners had to say which hand it was.When the results were recorded,they had done no better than they would have by simply guessing. If there was an energy field,they wouldn't feel it.
Very few TT practitioners responded to the $1 million offer because______.
A:they didn't take the offer seriously
B:they didn't want to risk their career
C:they were unwilling to reveal their secret
D:they thought it was not in line with their practice
共用题干
What is Chinese New Year?
In many parts of Asia,nations follow the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar used by the rest of the world.______(46)Many nations including Vietnam and Korea celebrate the lunar New Year with festivals and special foods. The Chinese,however,have turned the celebration into an art form:a 15 day festival called the Spring Festival in China,although it is known to the rest of the world as Chinese New Year.
______(47)which is considered to be a particularly auspicious day. Children are given hong bao,lucky red envelopes full of money,and households exchange visits and gifts.Most celebrants at Chinese New Year wear red,which is a lucky color,and also refrain from reflecting on the past year and uttering unlucky words,as it is believed that the first day of the new year will determine your fortune in the months to come.
Chinese New Year continues with 15 days of celebration and auspicious days,including a day to welcome the god of wealth,a day to celebrate farming and produce,and days to celebrate friends and family. Friendships and family relationships are a very important part of Chinese New Year, ______(48)Numerous lucky foods are served throughout the Chinese New Year festival,and after all that rich dining,the 13th day of the festival is set aside for eating rice and bitter greens to cleanse the palate.
On the 15th day,the Chinese New Year celebration culminates with the Lantern Festival, which is traditionally held at night. During the Lantern Festival,hundreds of citizens flood the street with lanterns representing wealth,animals,historical figures,plants,and a variety of other things. ______(49)The Lantern Festival ends with a burst of fireworks to celebrate the upcoming year while celebrants eat special round dumplings to celebrate unity.
In Vietnam,the new year festival is known as Tet Nguyen Dan,and is celebrated for seven days.Much like Chinese New Year,Tet is believed to be an especially auspicious period in Vietnam which will establish the fortunes of celebrants for the coming year.______(50)In Korea,the one day festival is known as Sol-nal,and is a time to reflect on ancestors and family.
_______（49）
A:and a great deal of food and dinner invitations are exchanged as part of this tradition.
B:The lanterns are paraded through towns and cities throughout China,Taiwan,and parts of the world with large Chinese communities.
C:As a result,the year starts on a different day,usually in January or February by the Gregorian calendar.
D:Chinese New Year is the most important festival in Chinese culture.
E:Chinese New Year begins on the first day of the first moon of the year,
F: Special foods are eaten and gifts are exchanged.
What is Chinese New Year?
In many parts of Asia,nations follow the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar used by the rest of the world.______(46)Many nations including Vietnam and Korea celebrate the lunar New Year with festivals and special foods. The Chinese,however,have turned the celebration into an art form:a 15 day festival called the Spring Festival in China,although it is known to the rest of the world as Chinese New Year.
______(47)which is considered to be a particularly auspicious day. Children are given hong bao,lucky red envelopes full of money,and households exchange visits and gifts.Most celebrants at Chinese New Year wear red,which is a lucky color,and also refrain from reflecting on the past year and uttering unlucky words,as it is believed that the first day of the new year will determine your fortune in the months to come.
Chinese New Year continues with 15 days of celebration and auspicious days,including a day to welcome the god of wealth,a day to celebrate farming and produce,and days to celebrate friends and family. Friendships and family relationships are a very important part of Chinese New Year, ______(48)Numerous lucky foods are served throughout the Chinese New Year festival,and after all that rich dining,the 13th day of the festival is set aside for eating rice and bitter greens to cleanse the palate.
On the 15th day,the Chinese New Year celebration culminates with the Lantern Festival, which is traditionally held at night. During the Lantern Festival,hundreds of citizens flood the street with lanterns representing wealth,animals,historical figures,plants,and a variety of other things. ______(49)The Lantern Festival ends with a burst of fireworks to celebrate the upcoming year while celebrants eat special round dumplings to celebrate unity.
In Vietnam,the new year festival is known as Tet Nguyen Dan,and is celebrated for seven days.Much like Chinese New Year,Tet is believed to be an especially auspicious period in Vietnam which will establish the fortunes of celebrants for the coming year.______(50)In Korea,the one day festival is known as Sol-nal,and is a time to reflect on ancestors and family.
_______（49）
A:and a great deal of food and dinner invitations are exchanged as part of this tradition.
B:The lanterns are paraded through towns and cities throughout China,Taiwan,and parts of the world with large Chinese communities.
C:As a result,the year starts on a different day,usually in January or February by the Gregorian calendar.
D:Chinese New Year is the most important festival in Chinese culture.
E:Chinese New Year begins on the first day of the first moon of the year,
F: Special foods are eaten and gifts are exchanged.
共用题干
Geology and Health
1. The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades,and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine,zinc and selenium. For example,soils with low iodine contents produce crops,and animals deficient in iodine.A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.
2.The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks,which weather into soil.gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth .The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environments have effects on the chemis-try and health of plants,animals and people.
3. So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems.Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled.However,small chil-dren are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.
4. Heavy metals are persistent:they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning.
5.In contrast,naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures,despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.
6.There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils.Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body.Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.
Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to______＿.
A:.industrially polluted soils
B: rock and soil chemistry
C:.naturally polluted soils
D: the pathways of metals into the food chain
E: the element of iodine
F: the persistence of heavy metals
Geology and Health
1. The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades,and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine,zinc and selenium. For example,soils with low iodine contents produce crops,and animals deficient in iodine.A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.
2.The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks,which weather into soil.gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth .The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environments have effects on the chemis-try and health of plants,animals and people.
3. So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems.Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled.However,small chil-dren are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.
4. Heavy metals are persistent:they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning.
5.In contrast,naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures,despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.
6.There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils.Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body.Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.
Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to______＿.
A:.industrially polluted soils
B: rock and soil chemistry
C:.naturally polluted soils
D: the pathways of metals into the food chain
E: the element of iodine
F: the persistence of heavy metals
共用题干
Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake
1.Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365.
2.Using radiocarbon dating techniques,simulations and computer models,the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault."We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake,"said Ms Beth Shaw,an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge,who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to deter-mine the future possibility of similar large shocks.
3.Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region,Ms.Shaw said.The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300,which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years,she added in a telephone interview.
4.Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion,she said.Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would pro-duce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa,the southern coast of Greece and Sicily all the way up the Adriati to Dubrovnik.This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta likely killing tens of thousands of people,she said.
The earthquake prediction devices developed by Ms.Shaw are being widely used in the world.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake
1.Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365.
2.Using radiocarbon dating techniques,simulations and computer models,the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault."We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake,"said Ms Beth Shaw,an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge,who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to deter-mine the future possibility of similar large shocks.
3.Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region,Ms.Shaw said.The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300,which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years,she added in a telephone interview.
4.Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion,she said.Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would pro-duce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa,the southern coast of Greece and Sicily all the way up the Adriati to Dubrovnik.This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta likely killing tens of thousands of people,she said.
The earthquake prediction devices developed by Ms.Shaw are being widely used in the world.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
Music Used as a Healing Therapy
1 .Music has long been used to treat patients suffering from different problems.In 400 BC,its healing properties were documented by the ancient Greeks. More recently,in both world wars in the last century, medical workers used music therapy（疗法）with people suf-fering from trauma（外伤）.Currently, it is used as a treatment for many diseases, such as cancer,and it has also been used with patients with long-term pain and learning disabilities.
2 .There is growing evidence that music can caused physical changes to the body which can im-prove our health. In the Welcome Trust study,which took place over three years at the Chelsea and Westminster hospital in London,patients were asked to listen to musical perform-ances. As a result,it was found that stress levels were significantly reduced,recovery times were improved,and fewer drugs were needed.
3. These very positive results are partly due to general well-being（良好的健康状况）.It is already accepted that when people feel happy and have a positive approach to life,they are more likely to feel better and recover from disease quickly. Music increases this feeling of joy and adds to the recovery process.
4 .However,not all these benefits can be attributed to an increase in general well-being. Music has other effects which have not yet been understood. According to Professor Robert-son,a scientist and musician,some effects of music are mysterious and are,therefore,being investigated further. It has been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimu-late the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles.
5 .Science,however,demands facts and hard evidence. Many in the medical profession have not yet recognized the healing benefits of music,since reports have been based mainly on various stories of evidence. These new studies could provide proof to doctors that music is a suitable treatment for many conditions. One day doctors may even “prescribe”（开处方） music,but that could be a long time in the future.
Those who always look on the bright side of life are more likely to______.
A: recover from disease quickly
B: there is not enough hard evidence
C: use their minds actively
D: it improves general well-being
E: listen to musical performances
F: it brings many other benefits
Music Used as a Healing Therapy
1 .Music has long been used to treat patients suffering from different problems.In 400 BC,its healing properties were documented by the ancient Greeks. More recently,in both world wars in the last century, medical workers used music therapy（疗法）with people suf-fering from trauma（外伤）.Currently, it is used as a treatment for many diseases, such as cancer,and it has also been used with patients with long-term pain and learning disabilities.
2 .There is growing evidence that music can caused physical changes to the body which can im-prove our health. In the Welcome Trust study,which took place over three years at the Chelsea and Westminster hospital in London,patients were asked to listen to musical perform-ances. As a result,it was found that stress levels were significantly reduced,recovery times were improved,and fewer drugs were needed.
3. These very positive results are partly due to general well-being（良好的健康状况）.It is already accepted that when people feel happy and have a positive approach to life,they are more likely to feel better and recover from disease quickly. Music increases this feeling of joy and adds to the recovery process.
4 .However,not all these benefits can be attributed to an increase in general well-being. Music has other effects which have not yet been understood. According to Professor Robert-son,a scientist and musician,some effects of music are mysterious and are,therefore,being investigated further. It has been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimu-late the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles.
5 .Science,however,demands facts and hard evidence. Many in the medical profession have not yet recognized the healing benefits of music,since reports have been based mainly on various stories of evidence. These new studies could provide proof to doctors that music is a suitable treatment for many conditions. One day doctors may even “prescribe”（开处方） music,but that could be a long time in the future.
Those who always look on the bright side of life are more likely to______.
A: recover from disease quickly
B: there is not enough hard evidence
C: use their minds actively
D: it improves general well-being
E: listen to musical performances
F: it brings many other benefits
共用题干
Animal's"Sixth Sense"
A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December,2004.
It killed tens of thou-
sands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals,______________(51),seem to have escaped that terrible
tsunami.This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a"sixth sense"for______________(52),cx-
perts said.
Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian
Ocean island's coast clearly______________(53)wild beasts,with no dead animals found.
"No elephants are dead,not______________(54)a dead rabbit.I think animals can______________(55)
disaster.They have a sixth sense.They know when things are happening."H.D.Ratnayake,deputy director
of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department,said about one month after the tsunami attack.The______________(56)
washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast,Sri Lanka's biggest
wildlife______________(57)and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.
"There has been a lot of______________(58)evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before vol-
came eruptions or earthquakes.But it has not been proven,"said Matthew van Lierop an animal behavior
______________(59)at Johannesburg Zoo.
"There have been no______________(60)studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field set-
ting,"he told Reuters.Other authorities concurred with this______________(61).
"Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain______________(62),especially birds…there are many re-
ports of birds detecting impending disasters."said Clive Walker,who has written several books on African
wildlife.
Animals_______________(63)rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as
predators.
The notion of an animal"sixth sense”-or_______________(64)other mythical power一is an enduring one
which the evidence on Sri Lanka's ravaged coast is likely to add to.
The Romans saw owls______________(65)omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed
elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.
_________(65)
A:on
B:as
C:for
D:in
Animal's"Sixth Sense"
A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December,2004.
It killed tens of thou-
sands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals,______________(51),seem to have escaped that terrible
tsunami.This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a"sixth sense"for______________(52),cx-
perts said.
Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian
Ocean island's coast clearly______________(53)wild beasts,with no dead animals found.
"No elephants are dead,not______________(54)a dead rabbit.I think animals can______________(55)
disaster.They have a sixth sense.They know when things are happening."H.D.Ratnayake,deputy director
of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department,said about one month after the tsunami attack.The______________(56)
washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast,Sri Lanka's biggest
wildlife______________(57)and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.
"There has been a lot of______________(58)evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before vol-
came eruptions or earthquakes.But it has not been proven,"said Matthew van Lierop an animal behavior
______________(59)at Johannesburg Zoo.
"There have been no______________(60)studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field set-
ting,"he told Reuters.Other authorities concurred with this______________(61).
"Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain______________(62),especially birds…there are many re-
ports of birds detecting impending disasters."said Clive Walker,who has written several books on African
wildlife.
Animals_______________(63)rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as
predators.
The notion of an animal"sixth sense”-or_______________(64)other mythical power一is an enduring one
which the evidence on Sri Lanka's ravaged coast is likely to add to.
The Romans saw owls______________(65)omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed
elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.
_________(65)
A:on
B:as
C:for
D:in