共用题干
Thirst for Oil
Worldwide every day,we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil.
Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet's surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year,we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle,this will change,and we will need to cure our addiction to oil.
Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution,when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice.Coal is still used,mostly in power stations,to cover one quarter of our energy needs,but its use has been declining since we started pumping up oil.
Coal is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel,but could make a comeback,as supplies are still plentiful:its reserves are five times larger than oil's.
Today petroleum,a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to pro- duce petrol,diesel oil and various other chemical substances,provides around 40% of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling automobiles.The US consumes a quarter of all oil,and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.
The majority of oil comes from the Middle East,which has half of known reserves.But other significant sources include Russia,North America,Norway,Venezuela and the North Sea.
Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge could be a major new US source,to reduce reliance on foreign imports.
Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years,though opinions and estimates vary.We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades,when demand exceeds supply.As conventional reserves become more difficult to access,others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead.Petrol could also be obtained from coal.
Since we started using fossil fuels,we have released 400 billion tonnes of carbon,and burn- ing the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃．Among other horrors, this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all Arctic ice.
"...we will need to cure our addiction to oil."Why does the author say so?
A: Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.
B: Oil supply is increasing all the time.
C: Demand for oil is increasing all the time.
D: Oil supply is decreasing.
Thirst for Oil
Worldwide every day,we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil.
Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet's surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year,we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle,this will change,and we will need to cure our addiction to oil.
Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution,when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice.Coal is still used,mostly in power stations,to cover one quarter of our energy needs,but its use has been declining since we started pumping up oil.
Coal is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel,but could make a comeback,as supplies are still plentiful:its reserves are five times larger than oil's.
Today petroleum,a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to pro- duce petrol,diesel oil and various other chemical substances,provides around 40% of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling automobiles.The US consumes a quarter of all oil,and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.
The majority of oil comes from the Middle East,which has half of known reserves.But other significant sources include Russia,North America,Norway,Venezuela and the North Sea.
Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge could be a major new US source,to reduce reliance on foreign imports.
Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years,though opinions and estimates vary.We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades,when demand exceeds supply.As conventional reserves become more difficult to access,others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead.Petrol could also be obtained from coal.
Since we started using fossil fuels,we have released 400 billion tonnes of carbon,and burn- ing the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃．Among other horrors, this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all Arctic ice.
"...we will need to cure our addiction to oil."Why does the author say so?
A: Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.
B: Oil supply is increasing all the time.
C: Demand for oil is increasing all the time.
D: Oil supply is decreasing.
共用题干
Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.
Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,and
Yet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.
Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.
Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6?
A: It is made of metal.
B: It is a kind of watch battery.
C: It can only be seen with a microscope.
D: It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.
Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.
Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,and
Yet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.
Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.
Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6?
A: It is made of metal.
B: It is a kind of watch battery.
C: It can only be seen with a microscope.
D: It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.
共用题干
Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow,often mixed with air and water,down a mountainside .Avalanches are______(51)the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material,typically snowpack,that is too massive and unstable for the slope______(52)supports it. Determining the critical load,the amount of over-burden which is______(53)to cause an avalanche，______（54)a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low ______(55)of avalanche .Snow does not______(56)significantly on steep slopes;also, snow does not______(57)easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is______(58)35 and 45 degrees;the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest,is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is:A slope that is______(59)enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of the angle.Additionally,avalanche risk increases with ______(60);that is,the more a slope is disturbed by skiers,the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject,winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe .Good avalanche safety is a continuous______(61),including route selection and examination of the snowpack,weather______(62),and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also______(63)the risk .If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports,they should be considered and all warnings should be paid______(64)to.
Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made .Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are ______(65)or damaged .Avoid travelling below others who might trigger an avalanche.
51._________
A: among
B: on
C: at
D: with
Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow,often mixed with air and water,down a mountainside .Avalanches are______(51)the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material,typically snowpack,that is too massive and unstable for the slope______(52)supports it. Determining the critical load,the amount of over-burden which is______(53)to cause an avalanche，______（54)a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low ______(55)of avalanche .Snow does not______(56)significantly on steep slopes;also, snow does not______(57)easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is______(58)35 and 45 degrees;the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest,is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is:A slope that is______(59)enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of the angle.Additionally,avalanche risk increases with ______(60);that is,the more a slope is disturbed by skiers,the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject,winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe .Good avalanche safety is a continuous______(61),including route selection and examination of the snowpack,weather______(62),and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also______(63)the risk .If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports,they should be considered and all warnings should be paid______(64)to.
Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made .Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are ______(65)or damaged .Avoid travelling below others who might trigger an avalanche.
51._________
A: among
B: on
C: at
D: with
共用题干
第二篇
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what'5 going on in the world;they're affected by
what's going on in our heads.A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than
people who'ye just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what’。going on inside our heads affects our senses.For example,
poorer children think coins are larger than they are,and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter.
Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted to investigate how this happens.Does it
happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain's high-level thinking
processes get involved?
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass（质量）index.On the day of his or her test,each
student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating.Then they were told there
was a delay.Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first.So half
the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen.One by one,80 words flashed on the
screen for about 1/300th of a second each.They flashed at so small a size that the studentsc o111d only con-
sciously perceive - A quarter of the words were food-related.After each word,each person was asked how
bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen一a food-related word like cake or a
neutral（中性的）word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words.
Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen,this means that the difference is in per-
ception,not in thinking processes,Radel says.
"This is something great to me.Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive（奋斗）
for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal（处理）of our motives（动机）
and needs,"Radel says.
"Poorer children"and"hungry people"are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show__________.
A:humans'senses are influenced by what'5 going on in their heads
B:they have sharper senses than others
C:they lose their senses because of poverty and hunger
D:humans'senses are affected by what they see with their eyes
第二篇
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what'5 going on in the world;they're affected by
what's going on in our heads.A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than
people who'ye just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what’。going on inside our heads affects our senses.For example,
poorer children think coins are larger than they are,and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter.
Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted to investigate how this happens.Does it
happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain's high-level thinking
processes get involved?
Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass（质量）index.On the day of his or her test,each
student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating.Then they were told there
was a delay.Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first.So half
the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen.One by one,80 words flashed on the
screen for about 1/300th of a second each.They flashed at so small a size that the studentsc o111d only con-
sciously perceive - A quarter of the words were food-related.After each word,each person was asked how
bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen一a food-related word like cake or a
neutral（中性的）word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words.
Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen,this means that the difference is in per-
ception,not in thinking processes,Radel says.
"This is something great to me.Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive（奋斗）
for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal（处理）of our motives（动机）
and needs,"Radel says.
"Poorer children"and"hungry people"are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show__________.
A:humans'senses are influenced by what'5 going on in their heads
B:they have sharper senses than others
C:they lose their senses because of poverty and hunger
D:humans'senses are affected by what they see with their eyes
The police took fingerprints and identified the body.
A:discovered
B:touched
C:recognized
D:missed
A:discovered
B:touched
C:recognized
D:missed
共用题干
第一篇
U. S. States Do Poorly in Women's Health
Not a single U. S. state meets basic federal goals for women's health,and the nation
as a whole fails except in two areas一mammograms（乳腺X光照片）and dental（牙齿的）
check-ups一researchers said on Thursday.
Millions of women lack health insurance,and states make it difficult to enroll（加入）in
Medicaid,the state-federal health insurance plan for the poor,according to the report.
And few states are doing anywhere near enough to help women quit smoking一the
leading cause of death in the United States.
"The nation as a whole and the individual states fall short of meeting national goals,"
reads the report,put together by the National Women's Law Center and the Oregon
Health&Science University."These health goals provide a road map for assessing the
status of women's health."
Of 27 measures examined by the group,from screening for diseases to actually treating
them,the nation passes on only two,the researchers said."The nation is so far from the
health goals that it receives an overall grade of'unsatisfactory',"they wrote.
The problem seems to be a lack among states of an overall plan for health in general,
the NWLC said.
" State policy makers' piecemeal（一件一件做的）approach to our health care crisis has
resulted in a complex and ineffective system that fails to meet the health care needs of
women,"Judy Waxman,NWLC Vice President for Health,said in a statement.
"Lawmakers need to take a comprehensive,long-term approach to meeting women's
health needs and tackle this serious problem that troubles so many families."
Medicaid is a program aimed at helping
A:women.
B:the poor.
C:the old.
D:children.
第一篇
U. S. States Do Poorly in Women's Health
Not a single U. S. state meets basic federal goals for women's health,and the nation
as a whole fails except in two areas一mammograms（乳腺X光照片）and dental（牙齿的）
check-ups一researchers said on Thursday.
Millions of women lack health insurance,and states make it difficult to enroll（加入）in
Medicaid,the state-federal health insurance plan for the poor,according to the report.
And few states are doing anywhere near enough to help women quit smoking一the
leading cause of death in the United States.
"The nation as a whole and the individual states fall short of meeting national goals,"
reads the report,put together by the National Women's Law Center and the Oregon
Health&Science University."These health goals provide a road map for assessing the
status of women's health."
Of 27 measures examined by the group,from screening for diseases to actually treating
them,the nation passes on only two,the researchers said."The nation is so far from the
health goals that it receives an overall grade of'unsatisfactory',"they wrote.
The problem seems to be a lack among states of an overall plan for health in general,
the NWLC said.
" State policy makers' piecemeal（一件一件做的）approach to our health care crisis has
resulted in a complex and ineffective system that fails to meet the health care needs of
women,"Judy Waxman,NWLC Vice President for Health,said in a statement.
"Lawmakers need to take a comprehensive,long-term approach to meeting women's
health needs and tackle this serious problem that troubles so many families."
Medicaid is a program aimed at helping
A:women.
B:the poor.
C:the old.
D:children.
共用题干
Health Promotion
1 World health will improve only if the people themselves become involved in planning,
implementing,and having a say about their own health and health care.But involvement
will not just happen.
2 How serious are we about involving individuals,families,and communities?Are we
prepared一mentally and professionally（专业上）一to listen to their concerns,to learn from
them what they feel is important,to share with them appropriate information,to encourage
and support them?In many cases,so far,the answer is"No".We can go on and on
developing plans:nothing will happen unless all health workers,all health managers,and
key professionals（专业人员）in other areas come to realize what is at stake. To overcome
these particular stumbling一blocks（障碍物）,I see three major requirements.
3 First,health workers must understand that the concept of primary health care involves
new roles for them , and a new outlook（观点）.Not only should we be concerned with
disease prevention and control,we must also be concerned with health promotion and care,
and not least with development in general一and with people.Our health technologies must
be based on what the people themselves want and need.
4 Second,health workers must accept their new roles.More yet:they must be keen to
try them out,to broaden their scope and to innovate（创新）in the partnership（合伙人、合
作关系）approach. Their main concern must be to find ways of helping individuals and
communities become self-dependent.
5 This brings me to my third point:health workers must have the necessary skills to
perform these new roles effectively and to make efficient use of existing knowledge.This
calls for a training force fully familiar with previous experience and keen to provide the kind
and quality of professional preparation needed.It also calls for full support from health
manaqers for such traininq.
Paragraph 2_________
A:Acceptance of New Roles
B: Lack of Health Technologies
C: Urgent Need to Improve the Current Situation
D: Importance of Taking a New Outlook
E: Support of the People
F: Demand for Necessary Skills
Health Promotion
1 World health will improve only if the people themselves become involved in planning,
implementing,and having a say about their own health and health care.But involvement
will not just happen.
2 How serious are we about involving individuals,families,and communities?Are we
prepared一mentally and professionally（专业上）一to listen to their concerns,to learn from
them what they feel is important,to share with them appropriate information,to encourage
and support them?In many cases,so far,the answer is"No".We can go on and on
developing plans:nothing will happen unless all health workers,all health managers,and
key professionals（专业人员）in other areas come to realize what is at stake. To overcome
these particular stumbling一blocks（障碍物）,I see three major requirements.
3 First,health workers must understand that the concept of primary health care involves
new roles for them , and a new outlook（观点）.Not only should we be concerned with
disease prevention and control,we must also be concerned with health promotion and care,
and not least with development in general一and with people.Our health technologies must
be based on what the people themselves want and need.
4 Second,health workers must accept their new roles.More yet:they must be keen to
try them out,to broaden their scope and to innovate（创新）in the partnership（合伙人、合
作关系）approach. Their main concern must be to find ways of helping individuals and
communities become self-dependent.
5 This brings me to my third point:health workers must have the necessary skills to
perform these new roles effectively and to make efficient use of existing knowledge.This
calls for a training force fully familiar with previous experience and keen to provide the kind
and quality of professional preparation needed.It also calls for full support from health
manaqers for such traininq.
Paragraph 2_________
A:Acceptance of New Roles
B: Lack of Health Technologies
C: Urgent Need to Improve the Current Situation
D: Importance of Taking a New Outlook
E: Support of the People
F: Demand for Necessary Skills
共用题干
Treating China's Online Addicts
Wang Yiming,21,is a self-confessed Internet addict,one of a growing number in China. He used to spend hours online each day,often going without food or sleep.His face is drawn and sallow. He said addiction changed his whole life:
"A month or two after I started surfing the Internet,I failed some of my school tests,but I was too afraid to tell my parents.When my parents found out,they were very angry."
"But I couldn't control my addiction.Friends were also telling me that I was on the net too long,but I thought:'It's my life,I can do what I want.'I became a real loner,was withdrawn,and wouldn't listen to anyone."
For help,Wang Yiming went to China's first Internet clinic,a low-rise,anonymous building in central Beijing. The clinic is part of a bigger addiction centre also treating those hooked on alcohol or drugs.The Internet addicts go on a two-week course involving medical treatment,psychological therapy,and daily workouts.
All 15 patients when I visited were young men一the main social group affected by this problem一and they all told a similar story of how their addiction to the net destroyed their lives.
Every day in China,more than 20 million youngsters go online to play games and hit the chat rooms,and that means that Internet addiction among young people is becoming a major issue here. The Chinese authorities have started to wake up to the seriousness of the problem with more articles in the papers highlighting the dangers of going online for too long.
In the first few months,Internet addiction didn't affect Wang Yiming at all.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Treating China's Online Addicts
Wang Yiming,21,is a self-confessed Internet addict,one of a growing number in China. He used to spend hours online each day,often going without food or sleep.His face is drawn and sallow. He said addiction changed his whole life:
"A month or two after I started surfing the Internet,I failed some of my school tests,but I was too afraid to tell my parents.When my parents found out,they were very angry."
"But I couldn't control my addiction.Friends were also telling me that I was on the net too long,but I thought:'It's my life,I can do what I want.'I became a real loner,was withdrawn,and wouldn't listen to anyone."
For help,Wang Yiming went to China's first Internet clinic,a low-rise,anonymous building in central Beijing. The clinic is part of a bigger addiction centre also treating those hooked on alcohol or drugs.The Internet addicts go on a two-week course involving medical treatment,psychological therapy,and daily workouts.
All 15 patients when I visited were young men一the main social group affected by this problem一and they all told a similar story of how their addiction to the net destroyed their lives.
Every day in China,more than 20 million youngsters go online to play games and hit the chat rooms,and that means that Internet addiction among young people is becoming a major issue here. The Chinese authorities have started to wake up to the seriousness of the problem with more articles in the papers highlighting the dangers of going online for too long.
In the first few months,Internet addiction didn't affect Wang Yiming at all.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.
A:moved
B:touched
C:surprised
D:worried
A:moved
B:touched
C:surprised
D:worried
共用题干
What Is Cancer?
Cancer is actually a group of many related diseases that all have to do with cells.Cells
are the very small units that make up all________(1)things,including the human
body.There are billions of cells________(2)each person's body.
Cancer happens when cells that are not normal grow________(3)spread very
fast.Normal body cells grow and divide and know when to stop growing.Over time,they
also die._______(4)these normal cells,cancer cells just continue to grow and divide
out of control and don't die.Cancer cells usually group together to form tumors（肿瘤）.
A growing tumor becomes a lump of cancer cells_________(5)can destroy the
normal cells around the_________(6)and damage the body's healthy tissues.This
can make someone very _______(7).
Sometimes cancer cells break away from the original tumor and travel to other areas of
the________(8),where they keep growing and can go on to form new tumors.This
is how cancer__________(9).The spread of a tumor to a new place in the body is
__________(10)metastasis（转移）.
People with cancer may feel pretty sick at times一but can usually still do lots of
normal things._________(11)they are very sick,kids and teenagers with cancer
may still be able to go to school. They may be tired or bruise（出现青肿）easily, but they
__________( 1 2) sometimes go to camp , movies , and sleepover（在外过夜的）parties.
People with cancer still like the same things they did__________(13)they got sick.
Cancer in kids is rare一but today,many kids who do get cancer go on living normal
lives.The number of kids who beat cancer goes________(14)every year because of
new cancer treatments.So a lot of kids with cancer will some day drive cars,go to college,
have careers,and even get_________(15)and have families of their own.
_________(10)
A:said
B:supposed
C: known
D: called
What Is Cancer?
Cancer is actually a group of many related diseases that all have to do with cells.Cells
are the very small units that make up all________(1)things,including the human
body.There are billions of cells________(2)each person's body.
Cancer happens when cells that are not normal grow________(3)spread very
fast.Normal body cells grow and divide and know when to stop growing.Over time,they
also die._______(4)these normal cells,cancer cells just continue to grow and divide
out of control and don't die.Cancer cells usually group together to form tumors（肿瘤）.
A growing tumor becomes a lump of cancer cells_________(5)can destroy the
normal cells around the_________(6)and damage the body's healthy tissues.This
can make someone very _______(7).
Sometimes cancer cells break away from the original tumor and travel to other areas of
the________(8),where they keep growing and can go on to form new tumors.This
is how cancer__________(9).The spread of a tumor to a new place in the body is
__________(10)metastasis（转移）.
People with cancer may feel pretty sick at times一but can usually still do lots of
normal things._________(11)they are very sick,kids and teenagers with cancer
may still be able to go to school. They may be tired or bruise（出现青肿）easily, but they
__________( 1 2) sometimes go to camp , movies , and sleepover（在外过夜的）parties.
People with cancer still like the same things they did__________(13)they got sick.
Cancer in kids is rare一but today,many kids who do get cancer go on living normal
lives.The number of kids who beat cancer goes________(14)every year because of
new cancer treatments.So a lot of kids with cancer will some day drive cars,go to college,
have careers,and even get_________(15)and have families of their own.
_________(10)
A:said
B:supposed
C: known
D: called
He wasclose to success.
A: near
B:tight
C: quick
D:fast
A: near
B:tight
C: quick
D:fast
共用题干
The Family
The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently,the most common form in North America was the nuclear family,consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one anoth-er. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America,the elderly often do not live with the family;they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.
There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies,such as North America,and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits,who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh condi-tions,mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans,the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.
The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time,the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents,mother and father,brothers and sisters,uncles,aunts,and cousins. In North America today,there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced,separated,or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family,not just in North America,but throughout the world,continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.
Another good title for this passage would be______.
A: What Makes a Family?
B: The Life of the Inuits
C: Living With Hardship
D: The Failure of the Nuclear Family
The Family
The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently,the most common form in North America was the nuclear family,consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one anoth-er. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America,the elderly often do not live with the family;they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.
There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies,such as North America,and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits,who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh condi-tions,mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans,the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.
The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time,the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents,mother and father,brothers and sisters,uncles,aunts,and cousins. In North America today,there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced,separated,or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family,not just in North America,but throughout the world,continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.
Another good title for this passage would be______.
A: What Makes a Family?
B: The Life of the Inuits
C: Living With Hardship
D: The Failure of the Nuclear Family
共用题干
Messages from the Media
1. The weather forecast,a story about the candidates in an election,and movie reviews are exam-ples of messages from the media. A communication medium , of which the plural（复数的）form is
media,is a means of communicating a message .Examples of media are television,radio,news-pa-pers and books and the telephone.The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media.
2. It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media.Every day we get hundreds of them.Think about advertisements,for example.We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go .Advertisements are important messages,even though they are sometimes annoying .They help us compare and evaluate products.
3. Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom.Think for a moment, about how you learn about local news and events.Do you depend on other people or the media?
What about international news?What is the most important source of information for you?People who are asked this question usually answer,"Television".
4. Think of all the messages you received today.Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards（露天广告牌）on your way to school. Did you u1sten to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning?Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication a book.
5. We use the information we get from radio,television,newspapers,and other media to make decisions and form opinions.That is why the mass media are so important.Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote,consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money,and international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about question of war and peace.
Television,radio and books are all important media of______.
A: sports news
B: our decisions and opinions
C: mass communication
D: our messages
E: source of information
F: the mass media
Messages from the Media
1. The weather forecast,a story about the candidates in an election,and movie reviews are exam-ples of messages from the media. A communication medium , of which the plural（复数的）form is
media,is a means of communicating a message .Examples of media are television,radio,news-pa-pers and books and the telephone.The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media.
2. It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media.Every day we get hundreds of them.Think about advertisements,for example.We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go .Advertisements are important messages,even though they are sometimes annoying .They help us compare and evaluate products.
3. Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom.Think for a moment, about how you learn about local news and events.Do you depend on other people or the media?
What about international news?What is the most important source of information for you?People who are asked this question usually answer,"Television".
4. Think of all the messages you received today.Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards（露天广告牌）on your way to school. Did you u1sten to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning?Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication a book.
5. We use the information we get from radio,television,newspapers,and other media to make decisions and form opinions.That is why the mass media are so important.Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote,consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money,and international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about question of war and peace.
Television,radio and books are all important media of______.
A: sports news
B: our decisions and opinions
C: mass communication
D: our messages
E: source of information
F: the mass media
共用题干
Black Holes
Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate.A black
hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet,but it is shaped like a sphere（球体）.
Astronomers（天文学家）think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in
space with infinite（无限的）density（稠密）.This single point is called a singularity（奇点）.
If the singularity theory is correct,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the
material in it disappears into the singularity.The center of a black hole would not really be a
hole at all,but an infinitely dense point.Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by
its great gravity.
Although black holes do exist,they are difficult to observe.These are the reasons.
No light or anything else comes out of black holes.As a result,they are invisible to
a telescope.
In astronomical terms,black holes are truly tiny.For example,a black hole formed
by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon（视界）only 18 miles across.
The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth.One light
year is about 6 trillion（万亿）miles. Even the most powerlul telescopes could not pick out
an object so small at such a great distance.
In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist.There
are still answers to be found,however,so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the
universe.
The attraction of two large stars leads to gravity.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Black Holes
Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate.A black
hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet,but it is shaped like a sphere（球体）.
Astronomers（天文学家）think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in
space with infinite（无限的）density（稠密）.This single point is called a singularity（奇点）.
If the singularity theory is correct,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the
material in it disappears into the singularity.The center of a black hole would not really be a
hole at all,but an infinitely dense point.Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by
its great gravity.
Although black holes do exist,they are difficult to observe.These are the reasons.
No light or anything else comes out of black holes.As a result,they are invisible to
a telescope.
In astronomical terms,black holes are truly tiny.For example,a black hole formed
by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon（视界）only 18 miles across.
The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth.One light
year is about 6 trillion（万亿）miles. Even the most powerlul telescopes could not pick out
an object so small at such a great distance.
In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist.There
are still answers to be found,however,so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the
universe.
The attraction of two large stars leads to gravity.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
Natural Gas
1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface. It is a fossil fuel（矿物燃
料）,meaning that it is derived from orgaiiic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main corn-
ponent of natural gas is methane（甲烷）.
2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas have increased dramatically over the past 50 years as
pipeline infrastructure（基础设施）has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions
of residential,commercial and industrial customers worldwide.Today,natural gas service is available in all 50
states in the U.S.,and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries.More than 65
million American homes use natural gas.In fact,natural gas is the most economical source for home energy
needs,costing one-third as much as electricity.In addition to heating homes,much of the gas used in the
United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products,from paint,to fibers for
clothing,to plastics for healthcare,computing and furnishings.Natural gas is also used in a significant number
of new electricity-generating power plants.
3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits（发出）less pollution than other
fossil fuel sources. When natural gas is burned , it produces mostly carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）and water va-
por一the same substances emitted when humans breathe.Compared with some other fossil fuels,natural gas
emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted（燃烧）一making natural gas the clea-
nest burning fossil fuel of all.
4 The United States consumes about one一third of the world's natural gas output,making it the largest
gas-consuming region in the world.The U.S.Department of Energy Information Administration forecasts that
natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.
5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface.The largest reserves of natural
gas can be found in Russia , West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG（液化天然气）has been pro-
duced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.Today,the leading import-
ers of LNG are Japan,Korea,France and Spain.
It is estimated that by 2025 natural gas demand in the United States will increase___________.
A:over the past 50 years
B: beneath the earth' s surface
C: by more than 50 percent
D:for more than four decades
E:as a raw material
F:for home energy needs
Natural Gas
1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface. It is a fossil fuel（矿物燃
料）,meaning that it is derived from orgaiiic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main corn-
ponent of natural gas is methane（甲烷）.
2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas have increased dramatically over the past 50 years as
pipeline infrastructure（基础设施）has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions
of residential,commercial and industrial customers worldwide.Today,natural gas service is available in all 50
states in the U.S.,and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries.More than 65
million American homes use natural gas.In fact,natural gas is the most economical source for home energy
needs,costing one-third as much as electricity.In addition to heating homes,much of the gas used in the
United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products,from paint,to fibers for
clothing,to plastics for healthcare,computing and furnishings.Natural gas is also used in a significant number
of new electricity-generating power plants.
3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits（发出）less pollution than other
fossil fuel sources. When natural gas is burned , it produces mostly carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）and water va-
por一the same substances emitted when humans breathe.Compared with some other fossil fuels,natural gas
emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted（燃烧）一making natural gas the clea-
nest burning fossil fuel of all.
4 The United States consumes about one一third of the world's natural gas output,making it the largest
gas-consuming region in the world.The U.S.Department of Energy Information Administration forecasts that
natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.
5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface.The largest reserves of natural
gas can be found in Russia , West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG（液化天然气）has been pro-
duced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.Today,the leading import-
ers of LNG are Japan,Korea,France and Spain.
It is estimated that by 2025 natural gas demand in the United States will increase___________.
A:over the past 50 years
B: beneath the earth' s surface
C: by more than 50 percent
D:for more than four decades
E:as a raw material
F:for home energy needs