共用题干
What is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on Earth?Where was this low temperature recorded ?
The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was －91℃, which_____ (51) in Antarctica（南极洲）
in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in_________(52).Temperatures
in Earth orbit（轨道）actually range from about +120℃ to －120℃. The temperature depends upon
______(53)you are in direct sunlight or in shade.Obviously，－120℃ is colder than our body can
________ (54)endure.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar________(55).Obviously,it
is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel__________(56)from the Sun,Scientigtg egtimate tern-
peratures at Pluto are about －210℃．How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe?
Again,it depends upon your_________(57).We are taught it is supposedly__________(58)to have a
temperature below absolute zero,which is－273℃，at which atoms do not move.Two scientists,Cornell
and Wieman,have successfully______(59)down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero.
They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work一not a discovery in this case.
Why is the two scientists'work so important to science?
In the 1920s，Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting_______(60)about special light par-
tidles（微粒）we now call photons（光子）.Bose had trouble __________(61)other scientists to believe his
theory,so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein’s calculations helped him theorize that atoms_______(62)
behave as Bose thought一but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that ultra-cold（超冷）atoms can help them make the world'S atomic
clocks even__________(63)accurate.These clocks are so accurate today they would oniy lose one second
_________ (64)six million years!Such accuracy will help us travel in space because digtanee is velocity
（速度）times time( d=vt).With the long distances involved in space _______(65),we need to know
time as accurately as possibie to get accurate distance.
_________(65.)
A:station
B:craft
C:travel
D:age
What is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on Earth?Where was this low temperature recorded ?
The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was －91℃, which_____ (51) in Antarctica（南极洲）
in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in_________(52).Temperatures
in Earth orbit（轨道）actually range from about +120℃ to －120℃. The temperature depends upon
______(53)you are in direct sunlight or in shade.Obviously，－120℃ is colder than our body can
________ (54)endure.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar________(55).Obviously,it
is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel__________(56)from the Sun,Scientigtg egtimate tern-
peratures at Pluto are about －210℃．How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe?
Again,it depends upon your_________(57).We are taught it is supposedly__________(58)to have a
temperature below absolute zero,which is－273℃，at which atoms do not move.Two scientists,Cornell
and Wieman,have successfully______(59)down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero.
They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work一not a discovery in this case.
Why is the two scientists'work so important to science?
In the 1920s，Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting_______(60)about special light par-
tidles（微粒）we now call photons（光子）.Bose had trouble __________(61)other scientists to believe his
theory,so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein’s calculations helped him theorize that atoms_______(62)
behave as Bose thought一but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that ultra-cold（超冷）atoms can help them make the world'S atomic
clocks even__________(63)accurate.These clocks are so accurate today they would oniy lose one second
_________ (64)six million years!Such accuracy will help us travel in space because digtanee is velocity
（速度）times time( d=vt).With the long distances involved in space _______(65),we need to know
time as accurately as possibie to get accurate distance.
_________(65.)
A:station
B:craft
C:travel
D:age
共用题干
Older Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history,not because they were bigger,but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.
Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions.Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals,but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock.To his surprise,the older the massive volcanic eruptions were,the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the"killing efficiency"for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava（熔 岩）that they produced.He found that size for size,older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.
The Peimian（二叠纪）extinction,for example,which happened 250 million years ago,is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe.Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes（十亿吨）of carbon as carbon dioxide.The global warming that followed wiped out 80 prcent of all marine genera（种类）at the time , and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover.Yet 60 million years ago,there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction.Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years."The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all."Wignall says.He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago,because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid（小行星）.He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.
Vincent Courtillot,director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France,says that Wignall's idea is provocative.But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations.He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted.And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years.He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced,and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.
Why were older volcanic eruptions more destructive than more recent ones according to Wignall?
A:Because they were brighter.
B:Because they were larger.
C:Because more recent life forms were better adapted to CO2.
D:Because older volcanic eruptions released more lava.
Older Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history,not because they were bigger,but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.
Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions.Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals,but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock.To his surprise,the older the massive volcanic eruptions were,the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the"killing efficiency"for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava（熔 岩）that they produced.He found that size for size,older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.
The Peimian（二叠纪）extinction,for example,which happened 250 million years ago,is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe.Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes（十亿吨）of carbon as carbon dioxide.The global warming that followed wiped out 80 prcent of all marine genera（种类）at the time , and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover.Yet 60 million years ago,there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction.Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years."The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all."Wignall says.He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago,because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid（小行星）.He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.
Vincent Courtillot,director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France,says that Wignall's idea is provocative.But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations.He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted.And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years.He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced,and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.
Why were older volcanic eruptions more destructive than more recent ones according to Wignall?
A:Because they were brighter.
B:Because they were larger.
C:Because more recent life forms were better adapted to CO2.
D:Because older volcanic eruptions released more lava.
共用题干
Inflation
Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased spending that causes rapid rises in prices._______(51)
your money buys fewer goods so that you get_______(52)for the same amount of money as before,inflation is the problem. There is a general rise_______(53)the price of goods and services.Your money buys less.Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when"a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore".
Inflation is a problem for all consumers.People who live on a fixed income are hurt the _______(54).Retired people,for instance,cannot count on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to_______(55) their needs in time of inflation.Retirement income_______(56)any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices.Many retired people must cut their spending to_______(57)rising prices.In many cases they must stop_______(58)some necessary items,such as food and clothing. Even _______(59)working people whose incomes are going up,inflation can be a problem. The_______(60)of living goes up,too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more.When incomes do not keep _______(61)with rising prices,the standard of living goes down.People may be earning the same amount of money,but they are not living as well because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.
Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes _______(62)the rate of change can be determined.A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a_______(63)year as the base.The base price is set at 100,and the other prices are reported as a_______(64)of the base price.A price index makes_______(65)possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods,for example,with prices of the same goods in previous years.
_________(59)
A:for
B:to
C:of
D:if
Inflation
Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased spending that causes rapid rises in prices._______(51)
your money buys fewer goods so that you get_______(52)for the same amount of money as before,inflation is the problem. There is a general rise_______(53)the price of goods and services.Your money buys less.Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when"a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore".
Inflation is a problem for all consumers.People who live on a fixed income are hurt the _______(54).Retired people,for instance,cannot count on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to_______(55) their needs in time of inflation.Retirement income_______(56)any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices.Many retired people must cut their spending to_______(57)rising prices.In many cases they must stop_______(58)some necessary items,such as food and clothing. Even _______(59)working people whose incomes are going up,inflation can be a problem. The_______(60)of living goes up,too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more.When incomes do not keep _______(61)with rising prices,the standard of living goes down.People may be earning the same amount of money,but they are not living as well because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.
Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes _______(62)the rate of change can be determined.A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a_______(63)year as the base.The base price is set at 100,and the other prices are reported as a_______(64)of the base price.A price index makes_______(65)possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods,for example,with prices of the same goods in previous years.
_________(59)
A:for
B:to
C:of
D:if
A.Tobacco stocks also perked up as investors discounted fears of litigation(诉讼) from the US
B. So far，109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.
C. The impact of the treaty could be huge.
D. Countries that ratify(批准) it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.
E.The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs.
F. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.
共用题干
第二篇
Explorer of the Extreme Deep
Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet.Yet,just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored.Now,Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution(WHOI)in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,325.5 feet).The new machine,known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV),will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery,playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions.Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters(14,763.8 feet).It's about time for an upgrade,WHOI researchers say.
Alvin was launched in 1964.Since then,Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari,a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI.During its lifetime,Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives.A newer,better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries,Fornari says.It might also make the job of exploration a little easier."We take so much for granted on land."Fornari says."We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are.We can see colors,special arrangements."
Size-wise,the new HOV will be similar to Alvin.It'll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere,about 8 feet wide,like Alvin.It'll carry a pilot and two passengers.It will be just as maneuverable.In most other ways,it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view,for one thing. Alvin has only three windows,the new vehicle will have five,with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.
Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second,and its maximum speed is 2 knots(about 2.3 miles per hour),while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second.It'll reach speeds of 3 knots,or 3.5 miles per hour.
Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?
A:It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.
B:It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions.
C:It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century.
D:It has been used for more than 40 years.
第二篇
Explorer of the Extreme Deep
Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet.Yet,just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored.Now,Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution(WHOI)in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,325.5 feet).The new machine,known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV),will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery,playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions.Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters(14,763.8 feet).It's about time for an upgrade,WHOI researchers say.
Alvin was launched in 1964.Since then,Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari,a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI.During its lifetime,Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives.A newer,better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries,Fornari says.It might also make the job of exploration a little easier."We take so much for granted on land."Fornari says."We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are.We can see colors,special arrangements."
Size-wise,the new HOV will be similar to Alvin.It'll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere,about 8 feet wide,like Alvin.It'll carry a pilot and two passengers.It will be just as maneuverable.In most other ways,it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view,for one thing. Alvin has only three windows,the new vehicle will have five,with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.
Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second,and its maximum speed is 2 knots(about 2.3 miles per hour),while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second.It'll reach speeds of 3 knots,or 3.5 miles per hour.
Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?
A:It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.
B:It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions.
C:It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century.
D:It has been used for more than 40 years.
共用题干
The Robot Man
According to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.
The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.
Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.
By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".
The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.
With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.
These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future.
What does Moravec think of these future robots?
A: They will look like previous biological children.
B: They will be humans' mind-children.
C: They will create a dangerous world.
D: They will rule the world.
The Robot Man
According to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.
The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.
Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.
By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".
The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.
With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.
These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future.
What does Moravec think of these future robots?
A: They will look like previous biological children.
B: They will be humans' mind-children.
C: They will create a dangerous world.
D: They will rule the world.
共用题干
第二篇
Superconducting Ceramic（陶瓷）
An underaround revolution beqins this winter. With the flip（轻击）of a switch,
30,000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive
electricity transmitted by ice-cold high-performance cables.Other American cities are
expected to follow Detroit's example in the years ahead,which could conserve enormous
amounts of rower.
The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary
because they are made of superconductors.A superconductor is a material that transmits
electricity with little or no resistance.Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists
electric current.All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical
resistance.They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into
waste heat.Superconductors don't.No one understands how superconductivity works.It
just does.
Making superconductors isn't easy.A superconducting material has to be cooled to an
extremely low temperature to lose its resistance.The first superconductors,made more
than 50 years ago,had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their
resistance.Newer superconducting materials lose their resistance at-143 degrees Celsius.
The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material
that contains copper,oxygen,bismuth（秘）,strontium（锶）and calcium (钙）.A
ceramic is a hard,strong compound made from clay or minerals.The superconducting
ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled
with liquid nitrogen.Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic
tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance.
The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance.
Because cooled superconductors have no resistance,they waste much less power. Other
cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to
superconducting cable and conserve power,too.
Compared to common electrical conductors,superconductors
A:have little or no electrical resistance.
B:can be used for a long time.
C:are not energy-efficient.
D:can be made easily.
第二篇
Superconducting Ceramic（陶瓷）
An underaround revolution beqins this winter. With the flip（轻击）of a switch,
30,000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive
electricity transmitted by ice-cold high-performance cables.Other American cities are
expected to follow Detroit's example in the years ahead,which could conserve enormous
amounts of rower.
The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary
because they are made of superconductors.A superconductor is a material that transmits
electricity with little or no resistance.Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists
electric current.All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical
resistance.They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into
waste heat.Superconductors don't.No one understands how superconductivity works.It
just does.
Making superconductors isn't easy.A superconducting material has to be cooled to an
extremely low temperature to lose its resistance.The first superconductors,made more
than 50 years ago,had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their
resistance.Newer superconducting materials lose their resistance at-143 degrees Celsius.
The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material
that contains copper,oxygen,bismuth（秘）,strontium（锶）and calcium (钙）.A
ceramic is a hard,strong compound made from clay or minerals.The superconducting
ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled
with liquid nitrogen.Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic
tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance.
The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance.
Because cooled superconductors have no resistance,they waste much less power. Other
cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to
superconducting cable and conserve power,too.
Compared to common electrical conductors,superconductors
A:have little or no electrical resistance.
B:can be used for a long time.
C:are not energy-efficient.
D:can be made easily.
共用题干
Ford
1 Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process一not invention.Long before he
started a car company,he was a worker,known for picking up pieces of metal and wire
and turning them into machines.He started putting cars together in 1891.Although it was
by no means the first popular automobile,the Model T showed the world just how creative
Ford was at combining technology and market.
2 The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive
（高速运转）.Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who
were great toolmakers from Scotland,organized teams that added parts to each Model T as
it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming（嗡嗡作响）
along in 1914,the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.
3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the$5-a-day minimum wage
scheme,the greatest contribution he had ever made.The average wage in the auto
industry then was$2.34 for a 9-hour shift.Ford not only doubled that,he also took an
hour off the workday.In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much
for doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education.The Wall Street
Journal called the plan"an economic crime",and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.
4 But as the wage increased later to daily$10,it proved a critical component of Ford's
dream to make the automobile accessible（可及的）to all. The critics were too stupid to
understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car,the higher wages didn't
matter一except for making it possible for more people to buy cars.
Ford's higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly_________.
A:criticized by the media
B:the low wage in the auto industry
C:their lower prices and the higher wages
D:produce cars in large numbers
E:the8-hour shift
F: supported by his friends
Ford
1 Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process一not invention.Long before he
started a car company,he was a worker,known for picking up pieces of metal and wire
and turning them into machines.He started putting cars together in 1891.Although it was
by no means the first popular automobile,the Model T showed the world just how creative
Ford was at combining technology and market.
2 The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive
（高速运转）.Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who
were great toolmakers from Scotland,organized teams that added parts to each Model T as
it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming（嗡嗡作响）
along in 1914,the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.
3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the$5-a-day minimum wage
scheme,the greatest contribution he had ever made.The average wage in the auto
industry then was$2.34 for a 9-hour shift.Ford not only doubled that,he also took an
hour off the workday.In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much
for doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education.The Wall Street
Journal called the plan"an economic crime",and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.
4 But as the wage increased later to daily$10,it proved a critical component of Ford's
dream to make the automobile accessible（可及的）to all. The critics were too stupid to
understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car,the higher wages didn't
matter一except for making it possible for more people to buy cars.
Ford's higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly_________.
A:criticized by the media
B:the low wage in the auto industry
C:their lower prices and the higher wages
D:produce cars in large numbers
E:the8-hour shift
F: supported by his friends
There are a limited number of flowers in the park nearby.
A:large
B:total
C:small
D:similar
A:large
B:total
C:small
D:similar
共用题干
Daisy Williams admits genes play some role in the way she looks,but believes diet is an important factor."It doesn't matter how good the genes are if you don't eat properly and take care of your-self,"she says."If you want to look good,get plenty of rest,exercise every day,eat mostly raw fruits and vegetables and quit worrying."
Nowhere do the signs of aging manifest themselves more clearly than in the condition of the skin. When your weight fluctuates（波动）,the skin stretches with each up cycle , but it may not completely shrink back to its original size in the down cycle. As a result,the skin may sag（松弛下垂）.
Zinc and vitamin A are important for normal,healthy skin.Zinc helps the skin repair itself, and vitamin A aids in keeping skin supple,preventing dryness and helping shed dead cells.Good sources of zinc are beef,eggs and seafood,while many dark-green leafy vegetables are rich in beta carotene（胡萝卜素）, which the body converts to vitamin A.
Vitamin C helps improve the blood supply to the skin and aids in forming collagen（胶原）. Good sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits and juices,cauliflower,snow peas,red and green peppers,broccoli,white and sweet potatoes, tomatoes,watermelon,and honeydew melon.
How food is prepared matters too.The longer vegetables cook,the greater the loss of vitamins. Don't soak vegetables when washing them,since water-soluble vitamins such as C will be lost.
Good general nutrition is essential to maintaining a healthy,youthful appearance.And the key to good general nutrition is balance.Proteins should make up roughly 10 percent of your daily calorie intake;no more than 30 percent should come from fats;and the remaining calories should come mostly from complex carbohydrates（碳水化合物）.
Both genes and diets affects people's look.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Daisy Williams admits genes play some role in the way she looks,but believes diet is an important factor."It doesn't matter how good the genes are if you don't eat properly and take care of your-self,"she says."If you want to look good,get plenty of rest,exercise every day,eat mostly raw fruits and vegetables and quit worrying."
Nowhere do the signs of aging manifest themselves more clearly than in the condition of the skin. When your weight fluctuates（波动）,the skin stretches with each up cycle , but it may not completely shrink back to its original size in the down cycle. As a result,the skin may sag（松弛下垂）.
Zinc and vitamin A are important for normal,healthy skin.Zinc helps the skin repair itself, and vitamin A aids in keeping skin supple,preventing dryness and helping shed dead cells.Good sources of zinc are beef,eggs and seafood,while many dark-green leafy vegetables are rich in beta carotene（胡萝卜素）, which the body converts to vitamin A.
Vitamin C helps improve the blood supply to the skin and aids in forming collagen（胶原）. Good sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits and juices,cauliflower,snow peas,red and green peppers,broccoli,white and sweet potatoes, tomatoes,watermelon,and honeydew melon.
How food is prepared matters too.The longer vegetables cook,the greater the loss of vitamins. Don't soak vegetables when washing them,since water-soluble vitamins such as C will be lost.
Good general nutrition is essential to maintaining a healthy,youthful appearance.And the key to good general nutrition is balance.Proteins should make up roughly 10 percent of your daily calorie intake;no more than 30 percent should come from fats;and the remaining calories should come mostly from complex carbohydrates（碳水化合物）.
Both genes and diets affects people's look.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
Giant Structures
It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modern world since every year more
________ (51)constructions appear. Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our admiration
_______(52)they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.
The Petronas Towers
The Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were
completed in 1999.
________(53)a height of 452 metres,the tall twin towers,like two thin pencils,
dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur. At the 41 st floor,the towers are_________(54)by a bridge,symboli-
zing a gateway to the city.The American architect Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers.Constructed of high-
strength concrete,the building_______(55)around 1,800 square metres of office space on every floor.
And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base.Other_(56)of this impressive building
include double-decker lifts,and glass and steel sunshades.
The Millau Bridge
The Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tarn Valley,in southern France.At
the ________ (57)it was built,it was the world'S highest bridge,_________(58)over 340m at the
highest point.The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world.It was built
to _________ ( 59 ) Millau ' s congestion（拥堵）problems. The bridge was built to withstand the
________(60)extreme seismic（地震的）and climatic conditions. Besides,it is guaranteed for 120 years!
The Itaipu Dam
The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in
the world. It
_________(61)of a series of dams across the River Parana,_________(62)forms a natural
border between Brazil and Paraguay.Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete,the construction was
carried out as a joint project between the two________(63).The dam is well-known for both its electricity
output and its size.In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay’s and 25% of Brazil’s_________（64）needs.
In its construction,the amount of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers.It is a
________(65)amazing wonder of engineering.
_________(55)
A:costs
B:sits
C:stands
D:provides
Giant Structures
It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modern world since every year more
________ (51)constructions appear. Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our admiration
_______(52)they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.
The Petronas Towers
The Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were
completed in 1999.
________(53)a height of 452 metres,the tall twin towers,like two thin pencils,
dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur. At the 41 st floor,the towers are_________(54)by a bridge,symboli-
zing a gateway to the city.The American architect Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers.Constructed of high-
strength concrete,the building_______(55)around 1,800 square metres of office space on every floor.
And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base.Other_(56)of this impressive building
include double-decker lifts,and glass and steel sunshades.
The Millau Bridge
The Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tarn Valley,in southern France.At
the ________ (57)it was built,it was the world'S highest bridge,_________(58)over 340m at the
highest point.The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world.It was built
to _________ ( 59 ) Millau ' s congestion（拥堵）problems. The bridge was built to withstand the
________(60)extreme seismic（地震的）and climatic conditions. Besides,it is guaranteed for 120 years!
The Itaipu Dam
The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in
the world. It
_________(61)of a series of dams across the River Parana,_________(62)forms a natural
border between Brazil and Paraguay.Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete,the construction was
carried out as a joint project between the two________(63).The dam is well-known for both its electricity
output and its size.In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay’s and 25% of Brazil’s_________（64）needs.
In its construction,the amount of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers.It is a
________(65)amazing wonder of engineering.
_________(55)
A:costs
B:sits
C:stands
D:provides
共用题干
Priscilla Ouchida's "energy-efficient" house turned out to be a horrible dream.When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago,they built a$100,000,three-bedroom home in Cali-fornia._________(46)
Problems began as soon as the couple moved in,however. Priscilla's eyes burned._________ (47)She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep.It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness.
Experts finally traced the cause of her illness.The level of formaldehyde（甲醛）gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers.The source of the gas?__________(48)
The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution,which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation's drive to save energy.The problem itself isn't new."The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,"__________(49)"Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases."
The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap,home builders didn't worry much about unsealed cracks. __________(50)As a result,the pollutants generated in most households seldom build up to dangerous levels.
_________（50）
A:Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting.
B:Because of such leaks,the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour.
C:The level of formaldehyde gas should be controlled.
D:Her throat was constantly dry.
E:says Moschandreas,a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland.
F: Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks,the house was equipped with small double-paned（双层玻璃的）windows and several other energy-saving features.
Priscilla Ouchida's "energy-efficient" house turned out to be a horrible dream.When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago,they built a$100,000,three-bedroom home in Cali-fornia._________(46)
Problems began as soon as the couple moved in,however. Priscilla's eyes burned._________ (47)She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep.It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness.
Experts finally traced the cause of her illness.The level of formaldehyde（甲醛）gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers.The source of the gas?__________(48)
The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution,which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation's drive to save energy.The problem itself isn't new."The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,"__________(49)"Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases."
The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap,home builders didn't worry much about unsealed cracks. __________(50)As a result,the pollutants generated in most households seldom build up to dangerous levels.
_________（50）
A:Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting.
B:Because of such leaks,the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour.
C:The level of formaldehyde gas should be controlled.
D:Her throat was constantly dry.
E:says Moschandreas,a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland.
F: Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks,the house was equipped with small double-paned（双层玻璃的）windows and several other energy-saving features.
Don't hesitate to call me if there is anything I can do for you.
A:pause
B:refuse
C:reject
D:wait
A:pause
B:refuse
C:reject
D:wait
共用题干
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university,reveals a major new
study_________(51)out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The
study__________(52)1._________(1.)
2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and
1976._________(1976.)
The research group analyzed the ________(53)of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took
right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link _________(54)good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.
The strongest links are for ________(55)thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that
plays a _________ (56)in the results for the IQ test,and not strength."Being fit means that you also have
good heart and lung __________(57)and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen."says Michael Nilsson,pro-
fessor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital."This may be
one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular_________(58).We are
also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been________(59)to determine that it is primarily
environmental factors and not genes that___________(60)the link between fitness and a higher IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who _______(61)their physical fitness between the ages
of 1 5 and 1 8 increase their performance."says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and
physician at Aby health centre."This being the case,physical education is a_______(62)that has an
important place in schools,and is an absolute must________(63)we want to do well in math and other
theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service_______(64)
the socioeconomic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at I 8 were more__________(65)to go
into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.
_________(56)
A:game
B:place
C:role
D:trick
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university,reveals a major new
study_________(51)out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The
study__________(52)1._________(1.)
2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and
1976._________(1976.)
The research group analyzed the ________(53)of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took
right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link _________(54)good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.
The strongest links are for ________(55)thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that
plays a _________ (56)in the results for the IQ test,and not strength."Being fit means that you also have
good heart and lung __________(57)and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen."says Michael Nilsson,pro-
fessor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital."This may be
one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular_________(58).We are
also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been________(59)to determine that it is primarily
environmental factors and not genes that___________(60)the link between fitness and a higher IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who _______(61)their physical fitness between the ages
of 1 5 and 1 8 increase their performance."says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and
physician at Aby health centre."This being the case,physical education is a_______(62)that has an
important place in schools,and is an absolute must________(63)we want to do well in math and other
theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service_______(64)
the socioeconomic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at I 8 were more__________(65)to go
into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.
_________(56)
A:game
B:place
C:role
D:trick
Finding a job can be depressing and disappointing,and therefore it is important that you are prepared.
A:exploiting
B:frustrating
C:profiting
D:misleading
A:exploiting
B:frustrating
C:profiting
D:misleading