共用题干
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47:in the early 21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these___1___ are rising all the time. What has brought___2___ these changes?When we look at the life___3___of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest___4___of the time. In the early 20th century,these were the acute and often ___5___ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the ___6 ___world these diseases are far___ 7 ___today,and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of ___8 ___have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which ___9___ bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations___10___ common diseases. ___11___ ,people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environ-ment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but ___12___ people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chro-nic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those ___13___ by viruses,such as influen- za and AIDS. Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect ___14___ people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity ___15___ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as“lifestyle diseases”,which means that it may be possi- ble to halt their progress.
4._________
A: people
B: killers
C: invention
D: nation
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47:in the early 21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these___1___ are rising all the time. What has brought___2___ these changes?When we look at the life___3___of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest___4___of the time. In the early 20th century,these were the acute and often ___5___ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the ___6 ___world these diseases are far___ 7 ___today,and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of ___8 ___have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which ___9___ bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations___10___ common diseases. ___11___ ,people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environ-ment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but ___12___ people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chro-nic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those ___13___ by viruses,such as influen- za and AIDS. Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect ___14___ people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity ___15___ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as“lifestyle diseases”,which means that it may be possi- ble to halt their progress.
4._________
A: people
B: killers
C: invention
D: nation
共用题干
Changes in Museums
Museums have changed.They are no longer places that one"should"visit;they are places to enjoy and learn.
At a science museum in Ontario,Canada,you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body.At the Metropolitan（大城市的）Museum of Art in New York City , you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music.At New York's American Museum of Natural History recently,you can help make a bone-by- bone reproduction of the museum's dinosaur（恐 龙）,a beast that lived 200 million years ago.
More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing.In many science museums,for example,there are no guided tours.The visitor is encouraged to touch,listen,operate,and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science.The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it,and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage.
One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time.Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population.Many of these young people are college students or college graduates.Leon F.Twiggs,a young black professor of art once said,"They see things in a new and different way.They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate（参加）in."The same is true of science and history.
Young people who are well-educated like the art they can participate in.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Changes in Museums
Museums have changed.They are no longer places that one"should"visit;they are places to enjoy and learn.
At a science museum in Ontario,Canada,you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body.At the Metropolitan（大城市的）Museum of Art in New York City , you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music.At New York's American Museum of Natural History recently,you can help make a bone-by- bone reproduction of the museum's dinosaur（恐 龙）,a beast that lived 200 million years ago.
More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing.In many science museums,for example,there are no guided tours.The visitor is encouraged to touch,listen,operate,and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science.The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it,and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage.
One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time.Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population.Many of these young people are college students or college graduates.Leon F.Twiggs,a young black professor of art once said,"They see things in a new and different way.They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate（参加）in."The same is true of science and history.
Young people who are well-educated like the art they can participate in.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
Cloning（克隆）:Future Perlect?
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish
scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research
into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to
create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been
cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago
physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clone
a human being within the next two years."he told the world.
2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative,In Europe,
nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the
U.S. the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and
many states in the U. S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning
human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England Journal of
Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many
researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become
routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been
bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as
cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth
the scientists will be doing next.
5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning
humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our
child to look like,But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners
ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）.
Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone_______.
A:the nucleus of a cell
B:cloned human beings
C:a human being in two years
D:a law to ban human cloning
E:a report on human cloning
F:heavy media coverage
Cloning（克隆）:Future Perlect?
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish
scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research
into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to
create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been
cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago
physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clone
a human being within the next two years."he told the world.
2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative,In Europe,
nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the
U.S. the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and
many states in the U. S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning
human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England Journal of
Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many
researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become
routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been
bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as
cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth
the scientists will be doing next.
5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning
humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our
child to look like,But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners
ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）.
Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone_______.
A:the nucleus of a cell
B:cloned human beings
C:a human being in two years
D:a law to ban human cloning
E:a report on human cloning
F:heavy media coverage
共用题干
The iPad
1 The iPad is a tablet computer（平板电脑）designed and developed by Apple. It is particularly mar-
keted as a platform for audio and visual media such as books , periodicals（期刊）, movies , music , and games,
as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds(680 grams),its size and weight are between those of most con-
temporary smartphones and laptop computers.Apple released the iPad in April 2010,and sold 3 million of the
devices in 80 days.
2 The iPad runs the same operating system as iPod Touch and iPhone.It can run its own applications
as well as ones developed for iPhone.Without modification,it will only run programs approved by Apple and
distributed via its online store.
3 Like iPhone and iPod Touch,the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display一a break from most pre-
vious tablet computers , which uses a pressure-triggered stylus（触控笔）.The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connec-
tion to browse（浏览）the Internet , load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3 G
wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3 G data networks.The device is managed and synchro-
nized（同步）by iTunes on a personal computer via USB cable.
4 An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting
things.There are lots of iPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate.Some
of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options.One of the most common uses is for
e-mail services.iPad applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options.
They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.
5 While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users.Some com-
panies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees.
Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients,medical professionals accessing
health records during patient exams,and managers approving employee requests.A survey by Frost&Sulli-
van shows that iPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity,reduced
paperwork,and increased revenue.
Paragraph 3 ______________
A:Online Stores
B:Differences from iPhone
C:Display and Data Connection
D:Business Usage
E:Features and Applications
F: Onerating System
The iPad
1 The iPad is a tablet computer（平板电脑）designed and developed by Apple. It is particularly mar-
keted as a platform for audio and visual media such as books , periodicals（期刊）, movies , music , and games,
as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds(680 grams),its size and weight are between those of most con-
temporary smartphones and laptop computers.Apple released the iPad in April 2010,and sold 3 million of the
devices in 80 days.
2 The iPad runs the same operating system as iPod Touch and iPhone.It can run its own applications
as well as ones developed for iPhone.Without modification,it will only run programs approved by Apple and
distributed via its online store.
3 Like iPhone and iPod Touch,the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display一a break from most pre-
vious tablet computers , which uses a pressure-triggered stylus（触控笔）.The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connec-
tion to browse（浏览）the Internet , load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3 G
wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3 G data networks.The device is managed and synchro-
nized（同步）by iTunes on a personal computer via USB cable.
4 An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting
things.There are lots of iPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate.Some
of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options.One of the most common uses is for
e-mail services.iPad applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options.
They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.
5 While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users.Some com-
panies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees.
Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients,medical professionals accessing
health records during patient exams,and managers approving employee requests.A survey by Frost&Sulli-
van shows that iPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity,reduced
paperwork,and increased revenue.
Paragraph 3 ______________
A:Online Stores
B:Differences from iPhone
C:Display and Data Connection
D:Business Usage
E:Features and Applications
F: Onerating System
共用题干
The Roadrunner
The roadrunner（走雀）lives in the desert zone of the southwestern United States and
northern Mexico._________(1)People gave it its name because they usually see it
running across a road,but of course,it spends more time among the plants of the desert
than it does on roads.
The roadrunner is quite a large bird一about 45 centimeters long and 25 centimeters
high._________(2)It holds its head straight out in front and its tail sticks straight out in
back.It takes long steps and can run 30 kilometers an hour.
It eats an amazing variety of food.Although it eats plants once in a while,it is mostly a
meat eater. Most of its diet is insects,but it also catches birds,mice,and other small
animals.It is even brave enough to catch snakes and black widow spiders（蜘蛛）.
_________(3)When he finds one,he gives her presents一a snake to eat or a tiny
branch of a tree to use in building a nest.Then they build their nest,the female lays eggs,
and they raise their young.
_________(4)One couple in Arizona feeds a pair of roadrunners that come once at
a time every day and make a noise outside the window.If someone doesn't give the bird a
piece of hamburger immediately,the bird knocks on the window with its beak（喙）.
Roadrunners are not shy.
_________(5)They will stand on a chair or table and watch television,and they
seem really interested in what is happening on the program.
_________（4）
A:Roadrunners can also become friendly with people.
B:People laugh when it runs because it looks so funny.
C:Itisabird,but it can only fly about as much as a chicken can.
D:In early spring,the bird doesn't eat anything.
E:Another couple feeds a pair of roadrunners that go right into the house.
F:In the spring,a male roadrunner begins looking for a female as a mate.
The Roadrunner
The roadrunner（走雀）lives in the desert zone of the southwestern United States and
northern Mexico._________(1)People gave it its name because they usually see it
running across a road,but of course,it spends more time among the plants of the desert
than it does on roads.
The roadrunner is quite a large bird一about 45 centimeters long and 25 centimeters
high._________(2)It holds its head straight out in front and its tail sticks straight out in
back.It takes long steps and can run 30 kilometers an hour.
It eats an amazing variety of food.Although it eats plants once in a while,it is mostly a
meat eater. Most of its diet is insects,but it also catches birds,mice,and other small
animals.It is even brave enough to catch snakes and black widow spiders（蜘蛛）.
_________(3)When he finds one,he gives her presents一a snake to eat or a tiny
branch of a tree to use in building a nest.Then they build their nest,the female lays eggs,
and they raise their young.
_________(4)One couple in Arizona feeds a pair of roadrunners that come once at
a time every day and make a noise outside the window.If someone doesn't give the bird a
piece of hamburger immediately,the bird knocks on the window with its beak（喙）.
Roadrunners are not shy.
_________(5)They will stand on a chair or table and watch television,and they
seem really interested in what is happening on the program.
_________（4）
A:Roadrunners can also become friendly with people.
B:People laugh when it runs because it looks so funny.
C:Itisabird,but it can only fly about as much as a chicken can.
D:In early spring,the bird doesn't eat anything.
E:Another couple feeds a pair of roadrunners that go right into the house.
F:In the spring,a male roadrunner begins looking for a female as a mate.
共用题干
第二篇
Saving Money
Where you save your money often depends on what you are saving for. If you are
saving to buy a CD（光盘）or to go to a concert,then probably you would keep your money
somewhere in your room.
If you are saving for a big purchase like a mountain bike or a school trip,where would
you save your money?
One place to save money is the bank.Putting your money in a savings account will
help your money earn more money. If you put your money in a piggy bank（猪形储蓄
罐）,one year later you'll still have the same amount of money you put in.If you put
your money in a savings account,one year later,you'II have more money than you put
in.Why?
When you keep your money in a bank,your money earns interest.Interest is an
amount of money a bank pays you to use your money.The bank uses your money(and the
money of other people,too)to loan money to people and businesses.
The bank will send you a statement several times a year. A bank statement tells you
how much money you have in your account.It also tells you how much interest you have
earned.If you leave your money in the bank,you can watch it grow!
Another way you can save money is to buy a certificate of deposit or CD.If you have
some money that you don't need to use for a long time,this is a good way to make your
money grow.
You can buy a CD at a bank.You agree not to use the money for a certain period of
time.That period might be from six months to five years.You can't touch your money
during that time.If you do,you must pay a penalty,or fee.
If you draw your money before it is due,you will have to
A:pay interest to the bank.
B:close your account.
C:open a new account.
D:pay a penalty or fee,
第二篇
Saving Money
Where you save your money often depends on what you are saving for. If you are
saving to buy a CD（光盘）or to go to a concert,then probably you would keep your money
somewhere in your room.
If you are saving for a big purchase like a mountain bike or a school trip,where would
you save your money?
One place to save money is the bank.Putting your money in a savings account will
help your money earn more money. If you put your money in a piggy bank（猪形储蓄
罐）,one year later you'll still have the same amount of money you put in.If you put
your money in a savings account,one year later,you'II have more money than you put
in.Why?
When you keep your money in a bank,your money earns interest.Interest is an
amount of money a bank pays you to use your money.The bank uses your money(and the
money of other people,too)to loan money to people and businesses.
The bank will send you a statement several times a year. A bank statement tells you
how much money you have in your account.It also tells you how much interest you have
earned.If you leave your money in the bank,you can watch it grow!
Another way you can save money is to buy a certificate of deposit or CD.If you have
some money that you don't need to use for a long time,this is a good way to make your
money grow.
You can buy a CD at a bank.You agree not to use the money for a certain period of
time.That period might be from six months to five years.You can't touch your money
during that time.If you do,you must pay a penalty,or fee.
If you draw your money before it is due,you will have to
A:pay interest to the bank.
B:close your account.
C:open a new account.
D:pay a penalty or fee,
共用题干
Exercise
Whether or not exercise adds___1___the length of life,it is common experience that a certain___2___of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of wellbeing.
Furthermore,exercise___3___involves play and recreation,and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing,is not only pleasant but beneficial. How much and what kind of exercise one should___4___merits careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports.They fatigue to the___5___of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with___6___of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is___7___vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question___8___to answer. Individual variability is___9___ great to permit of generalization.
A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The safe limit for exercise___10___ on the condition of the heart,the condition of the muscles,the type of exercise,and the regularity with which it is taken.Two general suggestions,however,will___11___ as sound advice for anyone.The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be___12___ periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The___13___is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.
What type of exercise one should___14___depends upon one's physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports,but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking,swimming,skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate___15___throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.
13._________
A: other
B: another
C: one
D: same
Exercise
Whether or not exercise adds___1___the length of life,it is common experience that a certain___2___of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of wellbeing.
Furthermore,exercise___3___involves play and recreation,and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing,is not only pleasant but beneficial. How much and what kind of exercise one should___4___merits careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports.They fatigue to the___5___of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with___6___of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is___7___vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question___8___to answer. Individual variability is___9___ great to permit of generalization.
A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The safe limit for exercise___10___ on the condition of the heart,the condition of the muscles,the type of exercise,and the regularity with which it is taken.Two general suggestions,however,will___11___ as sound advice for anyone.The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be___12___ periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The___13___is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.
What type of exercise one should___14___depends upon one's physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports,but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking,swimming,skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate___15___throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.
13._________
A: other
B: another
C: one
D: same
共用题干
Microchip Research Center Created
A research center has been______(51)in this Far Eastern country to develop advanced microchip production technology.The center,which will start out with about US$14 million,will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.
The center will make use of its research skills and______(52)to develop new technology for _______(53)chip plants.The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the_______(54) that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries,said the country's flagship chipmaker.______(55),chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don't allow them to______(56)the most advanced technologies,fearing they will be used for______(57) purposes.Moreover,the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology providers are also an important _(58)for their decision of self-reliance.
As mainstream chip production technology______(59)from one generation to the next every three to five years,plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs,while plants with______(60)equipment,which often cost billions of dollars to build,will be______(61)by the maker.
More than 10 chip plants are being built,each costing millions of US dollars.The majority of that money goes to overseas equipment______(62)and technology owners-mainly______(63)Japan and Singapore.
Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry,the country admits the US $14 million investment is still rather small.This country is developing______(64)technologies.Most of the investment will be spent on setting_______(65)with technology and intellectual property owners.
54._________
A:sight
B:skeleton
C:situation
D:scene
Microchip Research Center Created
A research center has been______(51)in this Far Eastern country to develop advanced microchip production technology.The center,which will start out with about US$14 million,will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.
The center will make use of its research skills and______(52)to develop new technology for _______(53)chip plants.The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the_______(54) that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries,said the country's flagship chipmaker.______(55),chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don't allow them to______(56)the most advanced technologies,fearing they will be used for______(57) purposes.Moreover,the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology providers are also an important _(58)for their decision of self-reliance.
As mainstream chip production technology______(59)from one generation to the next every three to five years,plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs,while plants with______(60)equipment,which often cost billions of dollars to build,will be______(61)by the maker.
More than 10 chip plants are being built,each costing millions of US dollars.The majority of that money goes to overseas equipment______(62)and technology owners-mainly______(63)Japan and Singapore.
Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry,the country admits the US $14 million investment is still rather small.This country is developing______(64)technologies.Most of the investment will be spent on setting_______(65)with technology and intellectual property owners.
54._________
A:sight
B:skeleton
C:situation
D:scene
共用题干
Flying into History
When you turn on the television or read a magazine , celebrities（名人）are everywhere. Although fame
and the media play such major roles in our lives today,it has not always been that way._______________(46)
Many historians agree that Charles Lindbergh was one of the first major celebrities,or superstars.
Lindbergh was born in Detroit,Michigan,in 1902,but he grew up in Little Falls,Minnesota. As a
child,he was very interested in how things worked,so when he reached college,he pursued a degree in en-
gineering. At the age of 20, however, the allure（诱惑）of flying captured Lindbergh' s imagination.
_______________(47)Soon after,Lindbergh bought his own plane and traveled across the nation performing
aerial stunts（空中特技）.
In 1924,Lindbergh became more serious about flying. He joined the United States military and graduated
first in his pilot class._______________(48)
During the same time,a wealthy hotel owner named Raymond Orteig was offering a generous award to
the first pilot who could fly nonstop from New York City to Paris,France.The Orteig Prize was worth
$25,000一a large amount even by today's standards.
Lindbergh knew he had the skills to complete the flight,but not just any plane was capable of flying
that far for that long.______________ (49)
On May 20,1927,Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in New York City and arrived the
next day at an airstrip（简易机场）outside Paris. Named in honor of the sponsor , The Spirit of St. Louis car-
ried Lindbergh across the Atlantic Ocean and into the record books.He became a national hero and a huge
celebrity.
When he returned to the United States , Lindbergh rode in a ticker-tape（热烈的）parade held to cele-
brate his accomplishment._______________(50)A very popular dance was even named for Charles Lindbergh一
the Lindy Hop.Today,The Spirit of St. Louis is kept at the Smithsonian institute'5 National Air and Space
Museum in Washington,D.C.
_________(49)
A:He also received a Medal of Honor,the highest United States military decoration.
B:Eighty years ago,radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on Americans.
C:Working with an aviation company from San Diego,California,and with financial help from the city of St. Louis , Lindbergh got a customized（定制的）airplane that could make the journey.
D:Lindbergh used this additional training to, get a job as an airmail pilot,flying out of St. Louis,Missouri.
E:He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he learned to be a pilot.
F:His childhood was not full of fond memories.
Flying into History
When you turn on the television or read a magazine , celebrities（名人）are everywhere. Although fame
and the media play such major roles in our lives today,it has not always been that way._______________(46)
Many historians agree that Charles Lindbergh was one of the first major celebrities,or superstars.
Lindbergh was born in Detroit,Michigan,in 1902,but he grew up in Little Falls,Minnesota. As a
child,he was very interested in how things worked,so when he reached college,he pursued a degree in en-
gineering. At the age of 20, however, the allure（诱惑）of flying captured Lindbergh' s imagination.
_______________(47)Soon after,Lindbergh bought his own plane and traveled across the nation performing
aerial stunts（空中特技）.
In 1924,Lindbergh became more serious about flying. He joined the United States military and graduated
first in his pilot class._______________(48)
During the same time,a wealthy hotel owner named Raymond Orteig was offering a generous award to
the first pilot who could fly nonstop from New York City to Paris,France.The Orteig Prize was worth
$25,000一a large amount even by today's standards.
Lindbergh knew he had the skills to complete the flight,but not just any plane was capable of flying
that far for that long.______________ (49)
On May 20,1927,Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in New York City and arrived the
next day at an airstrip（简易机场）outside Paris. Named in honor of the sponsor , The Spirit of St. Louis car-
ried Lindbergh across the Atlantic Ocean and into the record books.He became a national hero and a huge
celebrity.
When he returned to the United States , Lindbergh rode in a ticker-tape（热烈的）parade held to cele-
brate his accomplishment._______________(50)A very popular dance was even named for Charles Lindbergh一
the Lindy Hop.Today,The Spirit of St. Louis is kept at the Smithsonian institute'5 National Air and Space
Museum in Washington,D.C.
_________(49)
A:He also received a Medal of Honor,the highest United States military decoration.
B:Eighty years ago,radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on Americans.
C:Working with an aviation company from San Diego,California,and with financial help from the city of St. Louis , Lindbergh got a customized（定制的）airplane that could make the journey.
D:Lindbergh used this additional training to, get a job as an airmail pilot,flying out of St. Louis,Missouri.
E:He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he learned to be a pilot.
F:His childhood was not full of fond memories.
共用题干
第二篇
Some People do Not Taste Salt Like Others
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others,according to a study by a Penn State
College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of
the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.
Those conclusions are important because recent,well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food
have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others,
pointed out John Hayes,assistant professor of food science who was lead investigator on the study.
Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health ex-
perts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that
are enjoyable to eat.This study increases undersfanding of salt preference and consumption.
The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and
chips,on multiple occasions,spread out over weeks.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women,reportedly
healthy,ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively
modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly
used scientific scale,ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.
"Most of us like the taste of salt.However,some individuals eat more salt,both because they like the
taste of saltiness more,and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,"said Hayes.
"Supertasters,people who experience tastes more intensely,consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack
foods have saltiness as their primary flavor,and at least for these foods,more is better,so the supertasters
seem to like them more."
However,supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in food such as
cheese,Hayes noted."For example,cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk,but al-
so bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,"he said."A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant
because the bitterness is too pronounced."
Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named
Blakeslee,showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result,Hayes ex-
plained,we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists,and this variation is as normal as variations in eye
and hair color.
"Some people,called supertasters,'describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter,while others,
called nontasters,find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter,"he said."Response
to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because super-
tasting is not limited to bitterness."
It is true that_________.
A:nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters
B:nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes
C:supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food
D:supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness
第二篇
Some People do Not Taste Salt Like Others
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others,according to a study by a Penn State
College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of
the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.
Those conclusions are important because recent,well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food
have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others,
pointed out John Hayes,assistant professor of food science who was lead investigator on the study.
Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health ex-
perts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that
are enjoyable to eat.This study increases undersfanding of salt preference and consumption.
The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and
chips,on multiple occasions,spread out over weeks.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women,reportedly
healthy,ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively
modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly
used scientific scale,ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.
"Most of us like the taste of salt.However,some individuals eat more salt,both because they like the
taste of saltiness more,and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,"said Hayes.
"Supertasters,people who experience tastes more intensely,consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack
foods have saltiness as their primary flavor,and at least for these foods,more is better,so the supertasters
seem to like them more."
However,supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in food such as
cheese,Hayes noted."For example,cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk,but al-
so bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,"he said."A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant
because the bitterness is too pronounced."
Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named
Blakeslee,showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result,Hayes ex-
plained,we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists,and this variation is as normal as variations in eye
and hair color.
"Some people,called supertasters,'describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter,while others,
called nontasters,find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter,"he said."Response
to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because super-
tasting is not limited to bitterness."
It is true that_________.
A:nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters
B:nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes
C:supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food
D:supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness
共用题干
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events-flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring-all around the world.But ecologists can't be______(51)so they are turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.______(52)there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they are asking for your help in_______(53)signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages______(54)people to observe a very specific research interest-birds,trees,flowers budding,etc-and send their observations______(55)a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a______(56)amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.______(57)like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.______(58)that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and_______(59)it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year______(60) the National
Phenology（生物气候学）Network."Phenology" is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists______(61)to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle______(62)on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project-which is______(63)to everyone-record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't______(64)to be plant experts-they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Scheartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,we'11 be able to make an'estimate of______(65)plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes."
_________58
A:All
B:Any
C:Some
D:Most
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events-flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring-all around the world.But ecologists can't be______(51)so they are turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.______(52)there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they are asking for your help in_______(53)signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages______(54)people to observe a very specific research interest-birds,trees,flowers budding,etc-and send their observations______(55)a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a______(56)amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.______(57)like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.______(58)that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and_______(59)it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year______(60) the National
Phenology（生物气候学）Network."Phenology" is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists______(61)to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle______(62)on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project-which is______(63)to everyone-record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't______(64)to be plant experts-they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Scheartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,we'11 be able to make an'estimate of______(65)plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes."
_________58
A:All
B:Any
C:Some
D:Most
She makes believe to be a princess.
A:prevents
B:pretends
C:presents
D:prepares
A:prevents
B:pretends
C:presents
D:prepares
共用题干
Lack of Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on Earth
Scientists have long speculated as to why animal species didn't flourish sooner,once sufficient oxygen covered the Earth's surface. Animals began to prosper at the end of the Proterozoic period,about 800 million years ago-but what about the billion-year stretch before that,when most researchers think there also was plenty of oxygen?
Well,it seems the air wasn't so great then,after all.
In a study published Oct. 3 1 in Science,Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and his colleagues found that oxygen levels during the"boring billion"period were only 0.1%of what they are today .In other words,Earth's atmosphere couldn't have supported a diversity of creatures,no matter what genetic advancements were poised to occur.
"There is no question that genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise of animals,but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level of oxygen,"said Planavsky,colead author of the research along with Christopher Reinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology.“We're providing the first evidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentially prevent the rise of animals."
The scientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium(Cr)isotopes in ancient sediments from China,Australia,Canada,and the United States.Chromium is found in the Earth's continental crust,and chromium oxidation is directly linked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.
Specifically,the team studied samples deposited in shallow,iron-rich ocean areas,near the shore.They compared their data with other samples taken from younger locales known to have higher levels of oxygen.
Oxygen's role in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists."We were missing the right approach until now,"Planavsky said."Chromium gave us the proxy."
Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40%of today's conditions during pre-animal times. leaving open the possibility that oxygen was already plentiful enough to support animal life.
In the new study,the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were"highly dynamic"in the early atmosphere,with the potential for occasional spikes. However,they said,"It seems clear that there is a first-order difference in the nature of Earth surface Cr cycling"before and af- ter the rise of animals.
"If we are right,our results will really change how people view the origins of animals and other complex life,and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,"said co-author Tim
Lyons of the University of California-Riverside."This could be a game changer."
"There's a lot'of interest right now in a broader discussion surrounding the role that environ- mental stability played in the evolution of complex life,and we think our results are a significant contribution to that,"Reinhard said.
Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
Lack of Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on Earth
Scientists have long speculated as to why animal species didn't flourish sooner,once sufficient oxygen covered the Earth's surface. Animals began to prosper at the end of the Proterozoic period,about 800 million years ago-but what about the billion-year stretch before that,when most researchers think there also was plenty of oxygen?
Well,it seems the air wasn't so great then,after all.
In a study published Oct. 3 1 in Science,Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and his colleagues found that oxygen levels during the"boring billion"period were only 0.1%of what they are today .In other words,Earth's atmosphere couldn't have supported a diversity of creatures,no matter what genetic advancements were poised to occur.
"There is no question that genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise of animals,but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level of oxygen,"said Planavsky,colead author of the research along with Christopher Reinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology.“We're providing the first evidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentially prevent the rise of animals."
The scientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium(Cr)isotopes in ancient sediments from China,Australia,Canada,and the United States.Chromium is found in the Earth's continental crust,and chromium oxidation is directly linked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.
Specifically,the team studied samples deposited in shallow,iron-rich ocean areas,near the shore.They compared their data with other samples taken from younger locales known to have higher levels of oxygen.
Oxygen's role in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists."We were missing the right approach until now,"Planavsky said."Chromium gave us the proxy."
Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40%of today's conditions during pre-animal times. leaving open the possibility that oxygen was already plentiful enough to support animal life.
In the new study,the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were"highly dynamic"in the early atmosphere,with the potential for occasional spikes. However,they said,"It seems clear that there is a first-order difference in the nature of Earth surface Cr cycling"before and af- ter the rise of animals.
"If we are right,our results will really change how people view the origins of animals and other complex life,and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,"said co-author Tim
Lyons of the University of California-Riverside."This could be a game changer."
"There's a lot'of interest right now in a broader discussion surrounding the role that environ- mental stability played in the evolution of complex life,and we think our results are a significant contribution to that,"Reinhard said.
Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_____
A.mobility.
B.assault.
C.defense.
D.celebrity.
A.mobility.
B.assault.
C.defense.
D.celebrity.
共用题干
The Weight Experiment
Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a“calorimeter”（热量测量室）is one way to find out.
1. The signs above the two rooms read simply“Chamber One”and“Chamber Two”.These are the calorimeters:4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science .Outside these rooms another sign reads“Please do not enter work in progress” and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make.Each day,meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.
2. Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who,over the past eight months,have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim,Nicola does not have a weight problem,but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme.As a self-employed community dance worker,she was able to fit the experiment in around her work .She saw an advert for volun- teers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise,she thought she would help out.
3. The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room.This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks.She arrived at the calorimeter at8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured.Her every move was noted too,her daily exercise routine,timed to the last second.
At regular intervals,after eating,she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.
4. The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. “The first time,I only took one video and a book,but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,”says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled（踩踏板） for half an hour,watched by researchers to make sure she didn't go too fast.
5. It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more,while others satisfy you quickly.Volun- teers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full.Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat,the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further ses-slons。
The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything______.
A: the volunteers do
B: because she does not have a weight problem
C: because the life there can be very boring
D: make people overeat
E: because she was her own boss
F: after passing a high-protein test
The Weight Experiment
Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a“calorimeter”（热量测量室）is one way to find out.
1. The signs above the two rooms read simply“Chamber One”and“Chamber Two”.These are the calorimeters:4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science .Outside these rooms another sign reads“Please do not enter work in progress” and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make.Each day,meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.
2. Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who,over the past eight months,have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim,Nicola does not have a weight problem,but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme.As a self-employed community dance worker,she was able to fit the experiment in around her work .She saw an advert for volun- teers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise,she thought she would help out.
3. The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room.This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks.She arrived at the calorimeter at8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured.Her every move was noted too,her daily exercise routine,timed to the last second.
At regular intervals,after eating,she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.
4. The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. “The first time,I only took one video and a book,but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,”says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled（踩踏板） for half an hour,watched by researchers to make sure she didn't go too fast.
5. It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more,while others satisfy you quickly.Volun- teers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full.Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat,the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further ses-slons。
The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything______.
A: the volunteers do
B: because she does not have a weight problem
C: because the life there can be very boring
D: make people overeat
E: because she was her own boss
F: after passing a high-protein test