共用题干
Where Has the Salt Come from?
Every now and then,we meet a fact about our earth that makes us feel strange and no
answer for the fact has yet been found.Such a fact is the existence of salt in the oceans.
How did it get there?
We simply do not know how the salt got into the ocean!We do know,of course,that
salt is water-soluble,and so passes into the oceans with rainwater.The salt of the earth's
surface is constantly being dissolved（溶解）and is passing into the ocean.
But we do not know whether this can explain the huge quantity of salt in oceans.If all
the oceans were dried up,enough salt would be left to build a wall 180 miles high and a
mile thick. Such a wall would reach once around the world at the Equator（赤道）!
The common salt that we all use is produced from seawater or the water of salt lakes,
from salt springs（源泉）and from deposits of rock salt. The concentration（浓度）of salt in
seawater ranges from about three percent to three-and-one-half percent. The Dead Sea,
which covers an area of about 340 square miles,contains about 11,600,000,000 tons of
salt!
On the average, a gallon（加仑）of seawater contains about a quarter of a pound of
salt.The beds of rock salt that are found in various parts of the world were all originally
formed by the evaporation（蒸发）of seawater millions of years ago. It is believed that the
thick rock-salt deposits were formed after about nine-tenth of theY volume of seawater had
been evaporated.
Most commercial salt is obtained from rock salt.The usual method is to drill wells（井）
down to the salt beds. Pure water is pumped down（抽进去）through a pipe. The water
dissolves the salt and it is forced through another pipe up to the surface.
Beds of rock salt are found in every part of the world.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Where Has the Salt Come from?
Every now and then,we meet a fact about our earth that makes us feel strange and no
answer for the fact has yet been found.Such a fact is the existence of salt in the oceans.
How did it get there?
We simply do not know how the salt got into the ocean!We do know,of course,that
salt is water-soluble,and so passes into the oceans with rainwater.The salt of the earth's
surface is constantly being dissolved（溶解）and is passing into the ocean.
But we do not know whether this can explain the huge quantity of salt in oceans.If all
the oceans were dried up,enough salt would be left to build a wall 180 miles high and a
mile thick. Such a wall would reach once around the world at the Equator（赤道）!
The common salt that we all use is produced from seawater or the water of salt lakes,
from salt springs（源泉）and from deposits of rock salt. The concentration（浓度）of salt in
seawater ranges from about three percent to three-and-one-half percent. The Dead Sea,
which covers an area of about 340 square miles,contains about 11,600,000,000 tons of
salt!
On the average, a gallon（加仑）of seawater contains about a quarter of a pound of
salt.The beds of rock salt that are found in various parts of the world were all originally
formed by the evaporation（蒸发）of seawater millions of years ago. It is believed that the
thick rock-salt deposits were formed after about nine-tenth of theY volume of seawater had
been evaporated.
Most commercial salt is obtained from rock salt.The usual method is to drill wells（井）
down to the salt beds. Pure water is pumped down（抽进去）through a pipe. The water
dissolves the salt and it is forced through another pipe up to the surface.
Beds of rock salt are found in every part of the world.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
Drying Ways for Food
1.Centuries ago,man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it,and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind.In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican(dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes),the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and"apricot leather".
2.All foods including water,cabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as much as 93%water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%,lean meat 75%and fish,anything from 20%to 60%,depending on how fatty it is.If this water is removed,the activity of the bacteria which causes food to go bad is checked.
3.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor,Greece,Spain and other Mediterranean countries,and also in California,South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general,the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun.In order to prevent darkening,pears,peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying. Plums,for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants,are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating,so as to increase the rate of drying.
4.Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically.The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110℃at entry and to about 43℃at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables,minced meat, and fish.
5.Liquids such as milk,coffee,tea,soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder,by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes.In the first case,the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small,though still relatively coarse flakes.In the second process,it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required,as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.
6.Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions.For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers,explorers and soldiers in battle,who have little storage space.They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them.Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.
Paragraph 5______
A:Drying Fruit in the Traditional Way.
B:Food Drying Histrory.
C:Water in Food.
D:Drying of Liquid Food.
E:Advantages of Dry Food.
F: Mechanical Food Dehydration.
Drying Ways for Food
1.Centuries ago,man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it,and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind.In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican(dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes),the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and"apricot leather".
2.All foods including water,cabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as much as 93%water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%,lean meat 75%and fish,anything from 20%to 60%,depending on how fatty it is.If this water is removed,the activity of the bacteria which causes food to go bad is checked.
3.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor,Greece,Spain and other Mediterranean countries,and also in California,South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general,the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun.In order to prevent darkening,pears,peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying. Plums,for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants,are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating,so as to increase the rate of drying.
4.Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically.The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110℃at entry and to about 43℃at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables,minced meat, and fish.
5.Liquids such as milk,coffee,tea,soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder,by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes.In the first case,the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small,though still relatively coarse flakes.In the second process,it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required,as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.
6.Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions.For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers,explorers and soldiers in battle,who have little storage space.They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them.Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.
Paragraph 5______
A:Drying Fruit in the Traditional Way.
B:Food Drying Histrory.
C:Water in Food.
D:Drying of Liquid Food.
E:Advantages of Dry Food.
F: Mechanical Food Dehydration.
These animals migrate south annually in search of food.
A: explore
B: inhabit
C: prefer
D: travel
A: explore
B: inhabit
C: prefer
D: travel
共用题干
What is Chinese New Year?
In many parts of Asia,nations follow the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar used by the rest of the world.______(46)Many nations including Vietnam and Korea celebrate the lunar New Year with festivals and special foods. The Chinese,however,have turned the celebration into an art form:a 15 day festival called the Spring Festival in China,although it is known to the rest of the world as Chinese New Year.
______(47)which is considered to be a particularly auspicious day. Children are given hong bao,lucky red envelopes full of money,and households exchange visits and gifts.Most celebrants at Chinese New Year wear red,which is a lucky color,and also refrain from reflecting on the past year and uttering unlucky words,as it is believed that the first day of the new year will determine your fortune in the months to come.
Chinese New Year continues with 15 days of celebration and auspicious days,including a day to welcome the god of wealth,a day to celebrate farming and produce,and days to celebrate friends and family. Friendships and family relationships are a very important part of Chinese New Year, ______(48)Numerous lucky foods are served throughout the Chinese New Year festival,and after all that rich dining,the 13th day of the festival is set aside for eating rice and bitter greens to cleanse the palate.
On the 15th day,the Chinese New Year celebration culminates with the Lantern Festival, which is traditionally held at night. During the Lantern Festival,hundreds of citizens flood the street with lanterns representing wealth,animals,historical figures,plants,and a variety of other things. ______(49)The Lantern Festival ends with a burst of fireworks to celebrate the upcoming year while celebrants eat special round dumplings to celebrate unity.
In Vietnam,the new year festival is known as Tet Nguyen Dan,and is celebrated for seven days.Much like Chinese New Year,Tet is believed to be an especially auspicious period in Vietnam which will establish the fortunes of celebrants for the coming year.______(50)In Korea,the one day festival is known as Sol-nal,and is a time to reflect on ancestors and family.
_______（47）
A:and a great deal of food and dinner invitations are exchanged as part of this tradition.
B:The lanterns are paraded through towns and cities throughout China,Taiwan,and parts of the world with large Chinese communities.
C:As a result,the year starts on a different day,usually in January or February by the Gregorian calendar.
D:Chinese New Year is the most important festival in Chinese culture.
E:Chinese New Year begins on the first day of the first moon of the year,
F: Special foods are eaten and gifts are exchanged.
What is Chinese New Year?
In many parts of Asia,nations follow the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar used by the rest of the world.______(46)Many nations including Vietnam and Korea celebrate the lunar New Year with festivals and special foods. The Chinese,however,have turned the celebration into an art form:a 15 day festival called the Spring Festival in China,although it is known to the rest of the world as Chinese New Year.
______(47)which is considered to be a particularly auspicious day. Children are given hong bao,lucky red envelopes full of money,and households exchange visits and gifts.Most celebrants at Chinese New Year wear red,which is a lucky color,and also refrain from reflecting on the past year and uttering unlucky words,as it is believed that the first day of the new year will determine your fortune in the months to come.
Chinese New Year continues with 15 days of celebration and auspicious days,including a day to welcome the god of wealth,a day to celebrate farming and produce,and days to celebrate friends and family. Friendships and family relationships are a very important part of Chinese New Year, ______(48)Numerous lucky foods are served throughout the Chinese New Year festival,and after all that rich dining,the 13th day of the festival is set aside for eating rice and bitter greens to cleanse the palate.
On the 15th day,the Chinese New Year celebration culminates with the Lantern Festival, which is traditionally held at night. During the Lantern Festival,hundreds of citizens flood the street with lanterns representing wealth,animals,historical figures,plants,and a variety of other things. ______(49)The Lantern Festival ends with a burst of fireworks to celebrate the upcoming year while celebrants eat special round dumplings to celebrate unity.
In Vietnam,the new year festival is known as Tet Nguyen Dan,and is celebrated for seven days.Much like Chinese New Year,Tet is believed to be an especially auspicious period in Vietnam which will establish the fortunes of celebrants for the coming year.______(50)In Korea,the one day festival is known as Sol-nal,and is a time to reflect on ancestors and family.
_______（47）
A:and a great deal of food and dinner invitations are exchanged as part of this tradition.
B:The lanterns are paraded through towns and cities throughout China,Taiwan,and parts of the world with large Chinese communities.
C:As a result,the year starts on a different day,usually in January or February by the Gregorian calendar.
D:Chinese New Year is the most important festival in Chinese culture.
E:Chinese New Year begins on the first day of the first moon of the year,
F: Special foods are eaten and gifts are exchanged.
Since the Great Depression,the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.
A: slight
B: surprising
C: sudden
D: harmful
A: slight
B: surprising
C: sudden
D: harmful
共用题干
Animal's “Sixth Sense”
A tsunami（海啸）was triggered（引发）by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004.It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals,1， seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a“sixth sense” for2 ,experts said.
Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast clearly 3 wild beasts,with no dead animals found.
“No elephants are dead,not4a dead rabbit. I think animals can5 disaster.
They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,”H.D. Ratnayake,deputy director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department,said about one month after the tsunami attack. The6washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged（被 毁坏的）southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife7and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards（豹）.
“There has been a lot of8 evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions（火山爆发）or earthquakes. But it has not been proven ,” said Matthew van Lierop,an animal behavior 9 at Johannesburg Zoo.
“There have been no10studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting , ” he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred（同意）with this11.
“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain12 ,especially birds…there are many re- ports of birds detecting impending（迫近的）disasters , ” said Clive Walker , who has written several books on African wildlife.
Animals13 rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators（食肉动物）.
The notion of an animal “sixth sense”一or14other mythical power一is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lanka's ravaged coast is likely to add15.
6._________
A: waves
B: tides
C: winds
D: storms
Animal's “Sixth Sense”
A tsunami（海啸）was triggered（引发）by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004.It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals,1， seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a“sixth sense” for2 ,experts said.
Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast clearly 3 wild beasts,with no dead animals found.
“No elephants are dead,not4a dead rabbit. I think animals can5 disaster.
They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,”H.D. Ratnayake,deputy director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department,said about one month after the tsunami attack. The6washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged（被 毁坏的）southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife7and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards（豹）.
“There has been a lot of8 evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions（火山爆发）or earthquakes. But it has not been proven ,” said Matthew van Lierop,an animal behavior 9 at Johannesburg Zoo.
“There have been no10studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting , ” he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred（同意）with this11.
“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain12 ,especially birds…there are many re- ports of birds detecting impending（迫近的）disasters , ” said Clive Walker , who has written several books on African wildlife.
Animals13 rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators（食肉动物）.
The notion of an animal “sixth sense”一or14other mythical power一is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lanka's ravaged coast is likely to add15.
6._________
A: waves
B: tides
C: winds
D: storms
共用题干
第三篇
Preserve the Environment
Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.
With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth.He has transformed
woodlands into farmland,and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric
power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to
build roads and railways.
However,man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results.Today,
pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet.Each day thousands of tons
of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles;smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas
and the surrounding areas of countryside.The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.
The pollution of water is equally harmful.In the sea,pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enor-
mous numbers of algae（水藻）,fish and birds.The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed.
The same problem exists in rivers.Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to sur-
vive on earth.
Man has changed his physical environment with a view to_________.
A:altering the physical features of the earth
B:modifying the face of the planet
C:improving his surroundings'
D:bettering his way of life
第三篇
Preserve the Environment
Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.
With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth.He has transformed
woodlands into farmland,and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric
power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to
build roads and railways.
However,man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results.Today,
pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet.Each day thousands of tons
of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles;smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas
and the surrounding areas of countryside.The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.
The pollution of water is equally harmful.In the sea,pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enor-
mous numbers of algae（水藻）,fish and birds.The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed.
The same problem exists in rivers.Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to sur-
vive on earth.
Man has changed his physical environment with a view to_________.
A:altering the physical features of the earth
B:modifying the face of the planet
C:improving his surroundings'
D:bettering his way of life
共用题干
The Greatest Mystery of Whales
The whale is a warm-blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them-and, like all mammals,originated on land.There are many______(51)of this.Its front flippers（鳍状肢）, used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.
Immense strength is______(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a wha'e'sbo衡is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated______(53) 400 horsepower.One specimen was reported to have towed（拖）a whaling vessel for seven hours at the______ (54)of eight knot（节）.
An angry whale will______(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,______(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century.More recently,steel ships
have ___________( 57 ) their plates buckled（使弯曲）in the same way.Sperm whales（抹香鲸）were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest______(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom for his ______(59)food,the octopus（章鱼）.In that search he is known to go as far down as 3,200 feet,where the ______(60)is 1 ,400 pounds to a square inch.Doing so he will______(61)underwater as long as one hour.Two special1 skills are involved in this storing up enough______(62)(all whales are air-breathed ) and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have not______(63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special______(64)of blood vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of a compensating mechanism that ______(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work.
58._________
A:interest
B:job
C:danger
D:mystery
The Greatest Mystery of Whales
The whale is a warm-blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them-and, like all mammals,originated on land.There are many______(51)of this.Its front flippers（鳍状肢）, used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.
Immense strength is______(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a wha'e'sbo衡is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated______(53) 400 horsepower.One specimen was reported to have towed（拖）a whaling vessel for seven hours at the______ (54)of eight knot（节）.
An angry whale will______(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,______(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century.More recently,steel ships
have ___________( 57 ) their plates buckled（使弯曲）in the same way.Sperm whales（抹香鲸）were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest______(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom for his ______(59)food,the octopus（章鱼）.In that search he is known to go as far down as 3,200 feet,where the ______(60)is 1 ,400 pounds to a square inch.Doing so he will______(61)underwater as long as one hour.Two special1 skills are involved in this storing up enough______(62)(all whales are air-breathed ) and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have not______(63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special______(64)of blood vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of a compensating mechanism that ______(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work.
58._________
A:interest
B:job
C:danger
D:mystery
共用题干
The Greatest Mystery of Whales
The whale is a warm一blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them一and,
like all mammals,originated on land. There are many________________(51)of this. Its front flippers（鳍状肢）,
used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.
Immense strength is________________(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a
whale's body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated________________(53)
400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed（拖）a whaling vessel for seven hours at the
_______________ (54)of eight knot（节）.
An angry whale will________________(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,
________________(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently,steel ships
have ___________( 57 ) their plates buckled（使弯曲）in the same way. Sperm whales（抹香鲸）were known
to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest________________(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom foi
his________________(59)food,the octopus（章鱼）.In that search he is known to go as far down as 3 , 200 feet,
where the________________(60)is 1,400 pounds,to a square inch.Doing so he will________________(61)underwa-
ter as long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough________________(62)(all
whales are air-breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have nol
_______________ (63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special________________(64)of blood
vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort
of a compensating mechanism that________________(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you
can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work.
_________(55)
A:abandon
B:attack
C:leave
D:board
The Greatest Mystery of Whales
The whale is a warm一blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them一and,
like all mammals,originated on land. There are many________________(51)of this. Its front flippers（鳍状肢）,
used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.
Immense strength is________________(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a
whale's body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated________________(53)
400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed（拖）a whaling vessel for seven hours at the
_______________ (54)of eight knot（节）.
An angry whale will________________(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,
________________(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently,steel ships
have ___________( 57 ) their plates buckled（使弯曲）in the same way. Sperm whales（抹香鲸）were known
to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest________________(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom foi
his________________(59)food,the octopus（章鱼）.In that search he is known to go as far down as 3 , 200 feet,
where the________________(60)is 1,400 pounds,to a square inch.Doing so he will________________(61)underwa-
ter as long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough________________(62)(all
whales are air-breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have nol
_______________ (63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special________________(64)of blood
vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort
of a compensating mechanism that________________(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you
can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work.
_________(55)
A:abandon
B:attack
C:leave
D:board
共用题干
Where Has the Salt Come from?
Every now and then,we meet a fact about our earth that makes us feel strange and no
answer for the fact has yet been found.Such a fact is the existence of salt in the oceans.
How did it get there?
We simply do not know how the salt got into the ocean!We do know,of course,that
salt is water-soluble,and so passes into the oceans with rainwater.The salt of the earth's
surface is constantly being dissolved（溶解）and is passing into the ocean.
But we do not know whether this can explain the huge quantity of salt in oceans.If all
the oceans were dried up,enough salt would be left to build a wall 180 miles high and a
mile thick. Such a wall would reach once around the world at the Equator（赤道）!
The common salt that we all use is produced from seawater or the water of salt lakes,
from salt springs（源泉）and from deposits of rock salt. The concentration（浓度）of salt in
seawater ranges from about three percent to three-and-one-half percent. The Dead Sea,
which covers an area of about 340 square miles,contains about 11,600,000,000 tons of
salt!
On the average, a gallon（加仑）of seawater contains about a quarter of a pound of
salt.The beds of rock salt that are found in various parts of the world were all originally
formed by the evaporation（蒸发）of seawater millions of years ago. It is believed that the
thick rock-salt deposits were formed after about nine-tenth of theY volume of seawater had
been evaporated.
Most commercial salt is obtained from rock salt.The usual method is to drill wells（井）
down to the salt beds. Pure water is pumped down（抽进去）through a pipe. The water
dissolves the salt and it is forced through another pipe up to the surface.
If all the oceans were dried up,the salt thus obtained would be extremely great in size.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Where Has the Salt Come from?
Every now and then,we meet a fact about our earth that makes us feel strange and no
answer for the fact has yet been found.Such a fact is the existence of salt in the oceans.
How did it get there?
We simply do not know how the salt got into the ocean!We do know,of course,that
salt is water-soluble,and so passes into the oceans with rainwater.The salt of the earth's
surface is constantly being dissolved（溶解）and is passing into the ocean.
But we do not know whether this can explain the huge quantity of salt in oceans.If all
the oceans were dried up,enough salt would be left to build a wall 180 miles high and a
mile thick. Such a wall would reach once around the world at the Equator（赤道）!
The common salt that we all use is produced from seawater or the water of salt lakes,
from salt springs（源泉）and from deposits of rock salt. The concentration（浓度）of salt in
seawater ranges from about three percent to three-and-one-half percent. The Dead Sea,
which covers an area of about 340 square miles,contains about 11,600,000,000 tons of
salt!
On the average, a gallon（加仑）of seawater contains about a quarter of a pound of
salt.The beds of rock salt that are found in various parts of the world were all originally
formed by the evaporation（蒸发）of seawater millions of years ago. It is believed that the
thick rock-salt deposits were formed after about nine-tenth of theY volume of seawater had
been evaporated.
Most commercial salt is obtained from rock salt.The usual method is to drill wells（井）
down to the salt beds. Pure water is pumped down（抽进去）through a pipe. The water
dissolves the salt and it is forced through another pipe up to the surface.
If all the oceans were dried up,the salt thus obtained would be extremely great in size.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.
A:caught
B:killed
C:found
D:jailed
A:caught
B:killed
C:found
D:jailed
共用题干
Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?
When people argue about whether coffee is good for health,they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart?Does it increase blood pressure?Does it help you concentrate?However,coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways,too.
Traditionally,coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（树冠）of taller indigenous（土生土长的） trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees.At first,this increases production because more coffee bushes can be plan-ted if there aren't any trees.With increased production come increased profits.
Unfortunately,deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.
Furthermore,in the long term,the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee.The fertilizers and pesti-cides kill insects that eat coffee plant,but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well,and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.
Fortunately,farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade.We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as“shade grown”and“bird friendly.”Sure,these varieties might cost a little more.But we're paying for the health of the birds,the land,ourselves,and the planet. I think it's worth it.
What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?
A: More insects.
B: Better quality coffee.
C:.Larger farms.
D:.Higher profits.
Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?
When people argue about whether coffee is good for health,they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart?Does it increase blood pressure?Does it help you concentrate?However,coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways,too.
Traditionally,coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（树冠）of taller indigenous（土生土长的） trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees.At first,this increases production because more coffee bushes can be plan-ted if there aren't any trees.With increased production come increased profits.
Unfortunately,deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.
Furthermore,in the long term,the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee.The fertilizers and pesti-cides kill insects that eat coffee plant,but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well,and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.
Fortunately,farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade.We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as“shade grown”and“bird friendly.”Sure,these varieties might cost a little more.But we're paying for the health of the birds,the land,ourselves,and the planet. I think it's worth it.
What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?
A: More insects.
B: Better quality coffee.
C:.Larger farms.
D:.Higher profits.
共用题干
Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely
Speeding off in a stolen car,the thief thinks he has got a great catch.But he is in a nasty surprise .The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer,and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine______(51),he will not be able to start it again.
For now,such devices______(52)only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehi- dles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars,and ______(53)be available to ordinary cars in the UK______(54)two months.
The idea goes like this.A control box fitted to the car incorporates______(55)miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver.______(56)the car is stolen,a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle's engine management system and prevent the engine______(57)restarted.
There are even plans for immobilizers______(58)shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.
In the UK,an array of technical fixes is already making______(59)harder for car thieves."The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,"says Martyn Randall of Thatcham,a secur- ity research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part______(60)the motor insur-ance industry.
He says it would only take him a few minutes to______(61)a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools.But only if the car is more than 10 years old.
Modern cars are a far tougher proposition,as their engine management computer will not______(62)them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key .In the UK,technologies like this______(63)achieve a 3 1 percent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.
But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner's keys in a burglary. In 2000,12 percent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken by using the owner's keys,which doubles the previous year's figure.
Remote-controlled immobilization system would______(64)a major new obstacle in the criminal's way by making such thefts pointless.A group that includes Thatcham,the police,insur-ance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the______(65)expects.
61._________
A:. use
B: inform
C: ask
D: teach
Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely
Speeding off in a stolen car,the thief thinks he has got a great catch.But he is in a nasty surprise .The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer,and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine______(51),he will not be able to start it again.
For now,such devices______(52)only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehi- dles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars,and ______(53)be available to ordinary cars in the UK______(54)two months.
The idea goes like this.A control box fitted to the car incorporates______(55)miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver.______(56)the car is stolen,a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle's engine management system and prevent the engine______(57)restarted.
There are even plans for immobilizers______(58)shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.
In the UK,an array of technical fixes is already making______(59)harder for car thieves."The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,"says Martyn Randall of Thatcham,a secur- ity research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part______(60)the motor insur-ance industry.
He says it would only take him a few minutes to______(61)a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools.But only if the car is more than 10 years old.
Modern cars are a far tougher proposition,as their engine management computer will not______(62)them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key .In the UK,technologies like this______(63)achieve a 3 1 percent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.
But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner's keys in a burglary. In 2000,12 percent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken by using the owner's keys,which doubles the previous year's figure.
Remote-controlled immobilization system would______(64)a major new obstacle in the criminal's way by making such thefts pointless.A group that includes Thatcham,the police,insur-ance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the______(65)expects.
61._________
A:. use
B: inform
C: ask
D: teach
共用题干
Cloning（克隆）:Future Perlect?
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish
scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research
into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to
create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been
cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago
physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clone
a human being within the next two years."he told the world.
2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative,In Europe,
nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the
U.S. the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and
many states in the U. S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning
human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England Journal of
Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many
researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become
routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been
bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as
cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth
the scientists will be doing next.
5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning
humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our
child to look like,But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners
ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）.
Paragraph 2________
A:Strong reactions
B:Anxiety about the future if cloning
C:The right to choose
D:What id cloning?
E:Arguments in favor of cloning
F:A common sight
Cloning（克隆）:Future Perlect?
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish
scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research
into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to
create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been
cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago
physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clone
a human being within the next two years."he told the world.
2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative,In Europe,
nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the
U.S. the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and
many states in the U. S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning
human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England Journal of
Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many
researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become
routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been
bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as
cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth
the scientists will be doing next.
5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning
humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our
child to look like,But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners
ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）.
Paragraph 2________
A:Strong reactions
B:Anxiety about the future if cloning
C:The right to choose
D:What id cloning?
E:Arguments in favor of cloning
F:A common sight
共用题干
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil“liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its1severity,a new analysis shows.
“We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before,but the distance and2of damage in Japan were unusually severe,”said Scott Ashford,a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,”Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water,drain and gas pipelines,crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to3. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water,particularly recent sediments or sand,can lose much of their4and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or5.
But most earthquakes are much6than the recent event in Japan,Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake,as much as five minutes,may force researchers to recon-sider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
“With such a long-lasting earthquake,we saw7structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,”he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments,and especially areas built on8filled ground,are much more vulnerable.”
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake,researchers said,should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil9and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly,10damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar11,”Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction,such as better compaction to make soils dense,or use of reinforcing stone columns.”
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefac-tion一on the coast,near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The“young”sedi-ments,in geologic terms,may be those12within the past 10,000 years or more. In Ore-gon,for instance,that describes much of downtown Portland,the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything13a river and old flood plains is a suspect,and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.
Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to14collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake,but Japanese construction15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse一even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
12._________
A: delivered
B: deposited
C: destroyed
D: detached
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil“liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its1severity,a new analysis shows.
“We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before,but the distance and2of damage in Japan were unusually severe,”said Scott Ashford,a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,”Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water,drain and gas pipelines,crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to3. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water,particularly recent sediments or sand,can lose much of their4and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or5.
But most earthquakes are much6than the recent event in Japan,Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake,as much as five minutes,may force researchers to recon-sider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
“With such a long-lasting earthquake,we saw7structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,”he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments,and especially areas built on8filled ground,are much more vulnerable.”
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake,researchers said,should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil9and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly,10damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar11,”Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction,such as better compaction to make soils dense,or use of reinforcing stone columns.”
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefac-tion一on the coast,near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The“young”sedi-ments,in geologic terms,may be those12within the past 10,000 years or more. In Ore-gon,for instance,that describes much of downtown Portland,the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything13a river and old flood plains is a suspect,and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.
Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to14collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake,but Japanese construction15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse一even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
12._________
A: delivered
B: deposited
C: destroyed
D: detached