共用题干
第二篇
Archive Gallery : The Best of Bionics（仿生学）
Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet,but most animals possess skills we can
only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats
do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes（长颈鹿）,which are otherwise calm and good-
natured,sleep only 4.6 hours a day.
We realized a long , long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint（蓝图）for invention. We ' ve
borrowed canals from beavers（河狸）and reflectors from cat's eyes. Although the words"bionics"became
popular only after the l960s,history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday prob-
lems. Our archives（档案）don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines,
but we can take you to the late 19th century,where we applied those same principles for building our first
practical airplanes.
To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk,the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to fingure
out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to
improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature.One of Orville Wright's pupils caught and
stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan.Meanwhile,two French inventors examined spinning sycamore（美
国梧桐）seeds in an effort to apply those same motions , reversed , to a helicopter.
Some examples are more obvious than others.The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright
Drotliers looks like a minimalistic（简单抽象艺术）structure. On the other hand , Barney Connett ' s fish
iubmarine（潜水艇）actually looks like a fish.
Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented.In the l960s,the US Army commissioned several
iniversity professors to conduct research on the motor skills of animals in hope of applying those same abili-
ies to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers（蚂炸）一sounds shocking,doesn't it?
3ut imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.
What does the writer want to tell in the passage?
A:Many inventions get ideas from nature.
B:Some animals possess unique skills.
C:People should protect nature.
D:Bionics is far from perfect.
第二篇
Archive Gallery : The Best of Bionics（仿生学）
Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet,but most animals possess skills we can
only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats
do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes（长颈鹿）,which are otherwise calm and good-
natured,sleep only 4.6 hours a day.
We realized a long , long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint（蓝图）for invention. We ' ve
borrowed canals from beavers（河狸）and reflectors from cat's eyes. Although the words"bionics"became
popular only after the l960s,history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday prob-
lems. Our archives（档案）don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines,
but we can take you to the late 19th century,where we applied those same principles for building our first
practical airplanes.
To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk,the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to fingure
out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to
improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature.One of Orville Wright's pupils caught and
stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan.Meanwhile,two French inventors examined spinning sycamore（美
国梧桐）seeds in an effort to apply those same motions , reversed , to a helicopter.
Some examples are more obvious than others.The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright
Drotliers looks like a minimalistic（简单抽象艺术）structure. On the other hand , Barney Connett ' s fish
iubmarine（潜水艇）actually looks like a fish.
Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented.In the l960s,the US Army commissioned several
iniversity professors to conduct research on the motor skills of animals in hope of applying those same abili-
ies to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers（蚂炸）一sounds shocking,doesn't it?
3ut imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.
What does the writer want to tell in the passage?
A:Many inventions get ideas from nature.
B:Some animals possess unique skills.
C:People should protect nature.
D:Bionics is far from perfect.
共用题干
Computer Mouse The basic computer mouse is______(51)amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive.Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting , drawing , and even scrolling（滚动）on the page with the newer mice with the wheel.Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it______(52)until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to______(53)it.We learn to point at things______(54)we learn to speak,so the mouse is a very natural pointing device.Other computer pointing devices include light pens,graphics tablets and touch screens,but the mouse is still our workhorse. The computer mouse was_____(55)in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University.As computer screens became more popalar and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text,it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful.The introduction of the mouse,with the Apple lisa computer in 1983,really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse_____(56)routine computer tasks. How does the mouse work?We have to start at the bottom,so think upside down for now.It all starts with the mouse ball.As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad,it presses against and turns two shafts（轴）.The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them.The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices______(57) light-emitting diodes(LED)mounted on either side.One LED sends a light beam to the LED on______(58)side.As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by,the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side.But a moment______(59)the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place.The LED______(60)a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern______(61)an electronic signal,and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body.This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name.The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer______(62). So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that______(63)of you probably have or have used.One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt.______(64)you have to clean your mouse.The newer optical mice______(65)this problem by having no moving parts.
55._________
A:found
B:made
C:discovered
D:invented
Computer Mouse The basic computer mouse is______(51)amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive.Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting , drawing , and even scrolling（滚动）on the page with the newer mice with the wheel.Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it______(52)until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to______(53)it.We learn to point at things______(54)we learn to speak,so the mouse is a very natural pointing device.Other computer pointing devices include light pens,graphics tablets and touch screens,but the mouse is still our workhorse. The computer mouse was_____(55)in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University.As computer screens became more popalar and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text,it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful.The introduction of the mouse,with the Apple lisa computer in 1983,really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse_____(56)routine computer tasks. How does the mouse work?We have to start at the bottom,so think upside down for now.It all starts with the mouse ball.As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad,it presses against and turns two shafts（轴）.The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them.The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices______(57) light-emitting diodes(LED)mounted on either side.One LED sends a light beam to the LED on______(58)side.As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by,the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side.But a moment______(59)the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place.The LED______(60)a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern______(61)an electronic signal,and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body.This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name.The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer______(62). So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that______(63)of you probably have or have used.One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt.______(64)you have to clean your mouse.The newer optical mice______(65)this problem by having no moving parts.
55._________
A:found
B:made
C:discovered
D:invented
共用题干
Hospital Mistreatment
According to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including humiliation by
senior doctors,_________(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.
The findings come from analysis of the________(52)a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,
733 second-year residents.The survey and________(53)appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of
the American Medical Association.
Overall,out of the 1,277 residents________(54)completed surveys,1,1 85 said that they had expe-
rienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year._______(55)reporting incidents where
they were abused,more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other
persons_______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had
witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents,attending physicians,or nurses.Almost 40% said pa-
tient mistreatment was a frequent_______(57）.
More than 10% of the residents said they were________(58)to have enough sleep,and the average
number of hours_________(59)sleep was 37.6.The average on-call tirne during a ______(60)week
was 56.9 hours,but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some
weeks.
__________(61)30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexusi hsra、mrnt or discrimi-
nation,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events oc-
curring three or more times,53%of the respondents reported that they______(62)belittled or humilia-
ted by more senior residents,while just over 21%reported someone taking credit for their work.Being
"_______(63)tasks for punishment," "being pushed,kicked or hit," and__________(64) someone
"threatening your reputation or career,"were reported as a more_______(65)occurrence by over l0% of
the responding residents.
_________(60)
A:unusual
B:typical
C:easy
D:difficult
Hospital Mistreatment
According to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including humiliation by
senior doctors,_________(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.
The findings come from analysis of the________(52)a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,
733 second-year residents.The survey and________(53)appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of
the American Medical Association.
Overall,out of the 1,277 residents________(54)completed surveys,1,1 85 said that they had expe-
rienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year._______(55)reporting incidents where
they were abused,more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other
persons_______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had
witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents,attending physicians,or nurses.Almost 40% said pa-
tient mistreatment was a frequent_______(57）.
More than 10% of the residents said they were________(58)to have enough sleep,and the average
number of hours_________(59)sleep was 37.6.The average on-call tirne during a ______(60)week
was 56.9 hours,but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some
weeks.
__________(61)30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexusi hsra、mrnt or discrimi-
nation,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events oc-
curring three or more times,53%of the respondents reported that they______(62)belittled or humilia-
ted by more senior residents,while just over 21%reported someone taking credit for their work.Being
"_______(63)tasks for punishment," "being pushed,kicked or hit," and__________(64) someone
"threatening your reputation or career,"were reported as a more_______(65)occurrence by over l0% of
the responding residents.
_________(60)
A:unusual
B:typical
C:easy
D:difficult
共用题干
Paper or plastic?
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay,and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water. Ever since these now ubiquitous symbols of American super-consumption showed up in the supermarkets,plastic shopping bags have made their______(51)into local waterways,and from there,into the bay,where they can______（52)wildlife. Piles of them一the______（53)takes centuries to decompose一show up in landfills and on city streets.Plastic bags also take an environmental toll in the form of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them.
Enter Annapolis______(54)you will see plastic bags distributed free in department stores and supermarkets.Alderman Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning proposal to ban retailers ______(55) distributing plastic shopping bags in Maryland's capital. Instead,retailers would be required to offer bags______(56)recycled paper and to sell reusable bags.The city of Baltimore is considering a similar measure.Opponents of the idea,however,argue that______(57)bags are harmful,too:they cost more to make,they consume more______(58)to transport,and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic.The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is．______（59)accepted.Everyone in this______(60)is right about one thing:disposable shopping bags of any type are______(61),and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead.Annapolis's mayor is investigating how to hand out free,reusable shopping bags to city residents,a proposal that can proceed regardless of whether other bags are banned.A less-expensive______(62)would be to encourage retailers to give discounts to customers______(63)bring their own,reusable bags,a policy that a spokesman for the supermarket Giant Food says its chain already has in place.And this policy would be more______(64)if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter. A broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags,which would merely replace some forms of pollution with others,is not the______(65).
_________(56)
A:made out
B:made up
C:made of
D:made into
Paper or plastic?
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay,and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water. Ever since these now ubiquitous symbols of American super-consumption showed up in the supermarkets,plastic shopping bags have made their______(51)into local waterways,and from there,into the bay,where they can______（52)wildlife. Piles of them一the______（53)takes centuries to decompose一show up in landfills and on city streets.Plastic bags also take an environmental toll in the form of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them.
Enter Annapolis______(54)you will see plastic bags distributed free in department stores and supermarkets.Alderman Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning proposal to ban retailers ______(55) distributing plastic shopping bags in Maryland's capital. Instead,retailers would be required to offer bags______(56)recycled paper and to sell reusable bags.The city of Baltimore is considering a similar measure.Opponents of the idea,however,argue that______(57)bags are harmful,too:they cost more to make,they consume more______(58)to transport,and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic.The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is．______（59)accepted.Everyone in this______(60)is right about one thing:disposable shopping bags of any type are______(61),and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead.Annapolis's mayor is investigating how to hand out free,reusable shopping bags to city residents,a proposal that can proceed regardless of whether other bags are banned.A less-expensive______(62)would be to encourage retailers to give discounts to customers______(63)bring their own,reusable bags,a policy that a spokesman for the supermarket Giant Food says its chain already has in place.And this policy would be more______(64)if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter. A broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags,which would merely replace some forms of pollution with others,is not the______(65).
_________(56)
A:made out
B:made up
C:made of
D:made into
共用题干
Look After Your Voice
Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water.You can solve the problem by activating the saliva（唾液）in your mouth.First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth.Or,press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow.Or you can imagine that you are slicing（切片）a big juicy lemon and sucking（吮吸）the juice.
Before you begin your talk,be kind to your voice.Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted（稀释的）fruit juice. If you sense that you are losing your voice,stop talking completely.Save your voice for your speech. You may feel foolish using paper to write notes,but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice.If you need to see a doctor,perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer.In the meantime,do not even talk in a low voice.
What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat?I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking.The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence.The second drink gives you even more confidence.Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything,but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.Save the alcohol until you finish speaking.
Perhaps you want to accept the advice,but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime. Of course you can.Goethe,who lived before indoor skating sinks or swimming pools,said,"We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter."Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits.if you are willing to change,you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body.
To solve the problem of dry mouths,one is advised to take cool milk.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Look After Your Voice
Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water.You can solve the problem by activating the saliva（唾液）in your mouth.First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth.Or,press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow.Or you can imagine that you are slicing（切片）a big juicy lemon and sucking（吮吸）the juice.
Before you begin your talk,be kind to your voice.Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted（稀释的）fruit juice. If you sense that you are losing your voice,stop talking completely.Save your voice for your speech. You may feel foolish using paper to write notes,but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice.If you need to see a doctor,perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer.In the meantime,do not even talk in a low voice.
What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat?I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking.The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence.The second drink gives you even more confidence.Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything,but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.Save the alcohol until you finish speaking.
Perhaps you want to accept the advice,but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime. Of course you can.Goethe,who lived before indoor skating sinks or swimming pools,said,"We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter."Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits.if you are willing to change,you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body.
To solve the problem of dry mouths,one is advised to take cool milk.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
The suspect was arrested yesterday and released this morning.
A:freed
B:relieved
C:kicked
D:liberated
A:freed
B:relieved
C:kicked
D:liberated
Poor health and lack of money may both be to educational progress roadblocks.
A: restraints
B: stains
C: scarcities
D: barriers
A: restraints
B: stains
C: scarcities
D: barriers
共用题干
Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow,often mixed with air and water,down a mountainside .Avalanches are______(51)the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material,typically snowpack,that is too massive and unstable for the slope______(52)supports it. Determining the critical load,the amount of over-burden which is______(53)to cause an avalanche，______（54)a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low ______(55)of avalanche .Snow does not______(56)significantly on steep slopes;also, snow does not______(57)easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is______(58)35 and 45 degrees;the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest,is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is:A slope that is______(59)enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of the angle.Additionally,avalanche risk increases with ______(60);that is,the more a slope is disturbed by skiers,the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject,winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe .Good avalanche safety is a continuous______(61),including route selection and examination of the snowpack,weather______(62),and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also______(63)the risk .If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports,they should be considered and all warnings should be paid______(64)to.
Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made .Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are ______(65)or damaged .Avoid travelling below others who might trigger an avalanche.
52._________
A: when
B: that
C: who
D: whose
Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow,often mixed with air and water,down a mountainside .Avalanches are______(51)the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material,typically snowpack,that is too massive and unstable for the slope______(52)supports it. Determining the critical load,the amount of over-burden which is______(53)to cause an avalanche，______（54)a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low ______(55)of avalanche .Snow does not______(56)significantly on steep slopes;also, snow does not______(57)easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is______(58)35 and 45 degrees;the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest,is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is:A slope that is______(59)enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of the angle.Additionally,avalanche risk increases with ______(60);that is,the more a slope is disturbed by skiers,the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject,winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe .Good avalanche safety is a continuous______(61),including route selection and examination of the snowpack,weather______(62),and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also______(63)the risk .If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports,they should be considered and all warnings should be paid______(64)to.
Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made .Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are ______(65)or damaged .Avoid travelling below others who might trigger an avalanche.
52._________
A: when
B: that
C: who
D: whose
共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is
not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy
day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kind of energy that produce
warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles away from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because elec-
tromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals
travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an
electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light
have more energy than waves of radio , television , or radar. Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electro-
magnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating
buildings.Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is
useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right
through solid objects.They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden
cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the
sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is
trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but
the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If
the.sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with
electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the
theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man. Chemical energy comes from electron
（电子）rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemi-
cal reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that
the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate elec-
tncity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better
methods of obtaining and using energy.
We can use energy from the sun because_____________.
A:electromagnetic energy
B:electromagnetic energy travels through space
C:came from the sun
D:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place
E:when the sunrays are fierce
F:chemical energy is generated
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is
not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy
day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kind of energy that produce
warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles away from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because elec-
tromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals
travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an
electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light
have more energy than waves of radio , television , or radar. Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electro-
magnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating
buildings.Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is
useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right
through solid objects.They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden
cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the
sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is
trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but
the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If
the.sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with
electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the
theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man. Chemical energy comes from electron
（电子）rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemi-
cal reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that
the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate elec-
tncity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better
methods of obtaining and using energy.
We can use energy from the sun because_____________.
A:electromagnetic energy
B:electromagnetic energy travels through space
C:came from the sun
D:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place
E:when the sunrays are fierce
F:chemical energy is generated
共用题干
第二篇
The Book of Life
So far,scientists have named about 1.8 million living species,and that's just a fraction of what proba-
bly exists on Earth.With so many plants,animals,and other creatures covering the planet,it can be tough
to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.
A soon-to-be-launched Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the
creation of a Web-based Encyclopedia of Life(EoL).The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a
single,easy-to-use reference guide.
To get the encyclopedia started,the creators will use information from scientific databases that already
exist.And eventually,in special sections of the site,nonscientists with specialized knowledge will get to join
in.Bird-watchers,for example,will be able to input which birds they've seen and where.The technology
for this kind of tool has only recently become available.
As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school projects.The site will feature special pages for
kids who are studying ecosystems（生态系统）in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is
accurate,scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to
choose to leave out pages that haven't been reviewed.
Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you'll be able to pick the level of detail you see to match
your interests,age,and current knowledge.If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report,for
example,you could use the"novice"setting to get basic information about the animals.On the"expert"
setting,on the other hand,you could get much more detailed information about the history,literature and
exploration of bears.
It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.The
creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed that process.
At the starting stage the EoL will get information from_______________.
A:all the Web sites available
B:databases built up by its creators
C:the existing scientific databases
D:nonscientists with specialized knowledge
第二篇
The Book of Life
So far,scientists have named about 1.8 million living species,and that's just a fraction of what proba-
bly exists on Earth.With so many plants,animals,and other creatures covering the planet,it can be tough
to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.
A soon-to-be-launched Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the
creation of a Web-based Encyclopedia of Life(EoL).The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a
single,easy-to-use reference guide.
To get the encyclopedia started,the creators will use information from scientific databases that already
exist.And eventually,in special sections of the site,nonscientists with specialized knowledge will get to join
in.Bird-watchers,for example,will be able to input which birds they've seen and where.The technology
for this kind of tool has only recently become available.
As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school projects.The site will feature special pages for
kids who are studying ecosystems（生态系统）in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is
accurate,scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to
choose to leave out pages that haven't been reviewed.
Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you'll be able to pick the level of detail you see to match
your interests,age,and current knowledge.If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report,for
example,you could use the"novice"setting to get basic information about the animals.On the"expert"
setting,on the other hand,you could get much more detailed information about the history,literature and
exploration of bears.
It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.The
creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed that process.
At the starting stage the EoL will get information from_______________.
A:all the Web sites available
B:databases built up by its creators
C:the existing scientific databases
D:nonscientists with specialized knowledge
共用题干
Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated
Do people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the
mad scientist changed?The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of
a physics"boffin"（科学家）still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The
people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible
suspects.98 percent of those asked got it wrong.The majority of people picked a white
male of around 60,wearing glasses and with a white beard.
While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago,
the reality is now very different. Since 1 960 the number of young women entering physics
has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.
The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media
and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by
blackboards full of equations（等式）or working with fizzing（嘶嘶响）test tubes. These
stereotypes are really damaging to society.Very good school children are put off studying
science because they don't see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing
science.They simply don't relate to the media's image of the mad scientist.
This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university.If
we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects,we need to change
this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive.But we must also
develop children's interest in science.
In an attempt to change this negative image,an increasing number of science festivals
are being organized.Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to
take part in nationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national
science Olympiads.Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the
International Science Olympiads which are held in a different country every year.These
events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small
proportion of students who are already interested in science.It seems that there is a long
way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion
and design.
More children will study science if it becomes more attractive.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated
Do people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the
mad scientist changed?The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of
a physics"boffin"（科学家）still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The
people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible
suspects.98 percent of those asked got it wrong.The majority of people picked a white
male of around 60,wearing glasses and with a white beard.
While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago,
the reality is now very different. Since 1 960 the number of young women entering physics
has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.
The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media
and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by
blackboards full of equations（等式）or working with fizzing（嘶嘶响）test tubes. These
stereotypes are really damaging to society.Very good school children are put off studying
science because they don't see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing
science.They simply don't relate to the media's image of the mad scientist.
This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university.If
we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects,we need to change
this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive.But we must also
develop children's interest in science.
In an attempt to change this negative image,an increasing number of science festivals
are being organized.Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to
take part in nationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national
science Olympiads.Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the
International Science Olympiads which are held in a different country every year.These
events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small
proportion of students who are already interested in science.It seems that there is a long
way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion
and design.
More children will study science if it becomes more attractive.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
When Washington D.C.was burned in 1814,Dollety Madison rescued many official papers from the White House.
A: stole
B: filed
C: hid
D: saved
A: stole
B: filed
C: hid
D: saved
共用题干
第二篇
Women,Keep Dieting!
To most women who are trying to keep slim,dieting can seem to last a lifetime,or to be more exact,31 years,for researchers have found that is how long the average woman spends on a diet over the course of her life.
A university did a research on diet of British people for as long as 10 years,whose result revealed such a picture.British women spend averagely six months a year counting the calories and more than one fifth are on a permanent diet throughout their lifetime in a seemingly never-ending pursuing the perfect figure.
However,they aren't the only ones waging a constant fight against the loose fat. The average adult male spends 28 years losing weight,the poll has discovered.It found that over a tenth of the UK population is currently dieting in a bid to shed the pounds after feasting on festive treats over the Christmas period.Though holding the best intentions,three quarters of those who began their New Year with the firm resolution to lose weight give up by the end of the week.The average diet lasts 5.5 weeks,with the post-Christmas fast being even shorter at just three weeks.Half of slimmers throw in the towel due to lack of determination,while a quarter of interviewee answered that they give up because the strict diet regime makes them moody or depressed.The most determined dieters of all are aged from 45 to 64,almost a quarter spending up to a year slimming. In comparison,those aged between 18 and 24 are more likely to be yo-yo dieters,with a fifth giving up within a month.
The survey of 1,446 of men and women found that nearly two thirds of the UK population are unhappy with their body and feel that being thinner would make them happier.
For women,looks are more important,with over half reporting that they diet to wear fashionable clothes and a third of those surveyed said they watched their weight in a bid to feel more attractive. But in comparison,men are more focused on their long-term well-being,with over a third saying they wanted to lose weight to be more healthy.
Do female and male go on diet for the same reason?
A:She always makes sure to attend the big events in the life of her sons.
B:Women go on diet to look good while male to keep fit.
C:She always gives priority to work rather than to her family.
D:She seldom has time to take a holiday.
第二篇
Women,Keep Dieting!
To most women who are trying to keep slim,dieting can seem to last a lifetime,or to be more exact,31 years,for researchers have found that is how long the average woman spends on a diet over the course of her life.
A university did a research on diet of British people for as long as 10 years,whose result revealed such a picture.British women spend averagely six months a year counting the calories and more than one fifth are on a permanent diet throughout their lifetime in a seemingly never-ending pursuing the perfect figure.
However,they aren't the only ones waging a constant fight against the loose fat. The average adult male spends 28 years losing weight,the poll has discovered.It found that over a tenth of the UK population is currently dieting in a bid to shed the pounds after feasting on festive treats over the Christmas period.Though holding the best intentions,three quarters of those who began their New Year with the firm resolution to lose weight give up by the end of the week.The average diet lasts 5.5 weeks,with the post-Christmas fast being even shorter at just three weeks.Half of slimmers throw in the towel due to lack of determination,while a quarter of interviewee answered that they give up because the strict diet regime makes them moody or depressed.The most determined dieters of all are aged from 45 to 64,almost a quarter spending up to a year slimming. In comparison,those aged between 18 and 24 are more likely to be yo-yo dieters,with a fifth giving up within a month.
The survey of 1,446 of men and women found that nearly two thirds of the UK population are unhappy with their body and feel that being thinner would make them happier.
For women,looks are more important,with over half reporting that they diet to wear fashionable clothes and a third of those surveyed said they watched their weight in a bid to feel more attractive. But in comparison,men are more focused on their long-term well-being,with over a third saying they wanted to lose weight to be more healthy.
Do female and male go on diet for the same reason?
A:She always makes sure to attend the big events in the life of her sons.
B:Women go on diet to look good while male to keep fit.
C:She always gives priority to work rather than to her family.
D:She seldom has time to take a holiday.
共用题干
第二篇
Fear
Fear is something that always remains in our heart. We can never eliminate fear from our life. Fear of failing in exams which can make a negative impact in someone's career,and fear of speaking in public where majority of human think that people will make fun of them.Fear of not being liked, fear of storms and floods,fear of being alone and many others are all very common examples of fear.
Fear can also affect our physical beings like pounding of the heart,rapid pulse rate,tense muscles,dryness of the throat,churning in the stomach,confusion,fainting,and the inability to concentrate.These things are also very common.Fear is only hidden somewhere inside our bodies, pushing us to work hard and moving us forward to overcome our weaknesses.
Fear is the way to our success.I had a very bad experience of fear in my childhood days.My father told me that if I got bad grades another time in my school exams,then he would kick me out of his home and would never allow me to come back again.This sentence of my father stuck in my mind because one of my friends in school at that time recently became homeless.He belonged to a poor family,and his father had lost a big amount of money in a small business near his home.So, the problems he was facing from homelessness made me work hard in my exams;otherwise,I might have been kicked out of home by my father.
Fear sometimes can be motivating,and help us to do those things which we think and believe that we can never do.One of the most common fear inducing activities,for example,is swimming. This is primarily caused by most of us not having a background in swimming and only taking it up because it is part of the sport. Additionally,most humans are uncomfortable in the water as a general rule because of the fear of drowning. This fear of drowning is innately strong,and similar common or strong fears tend not to exist when it comes to cycling or running because they are land based activities.
Which of the following parts is not covered in the passage?
A:Examples of fear.
B:Positive impact of fear on people.
C:How to overcome fear of swimming.
D:Why the author's friend became homeless.
第二篇
Fear
Fear is something that always remains in our heart. We can never eliminate fear from our life. Fear of failing in exams which can make a negative impact in someone's career,and fear of speaking in public where majority of human think that people will make fun of them.Fear of not being liked, fear of storms and floods,fear of being alone and many others are all very common examples of fear.
Fear can also affect our physical beings like pounding of the heart,rapid pulse rate,tense muscles,dryness of the throat,churning in the stomach,confusion,fainting,and the inability to concentrate.These things are also very common.Fear is only hidden somewhere inside our bodies, pushing us to work hard and moving us forward to overcome our weaknesses.
Fear is the way to our success.I had a very bad experience of fear in my childhood days.My father told me that if I got bad grades another time in my school exams,then he would kick me out of his home and would never allow me to come back again.This sentence of my father stuck in my mind because one of my friends in school at that time recently became homeless.He belonged to a poor family,and his father had lost a big amount of money in a small business near his home.So, the problems he was facing from homelessness made me work hard in my exams;otherwise,I might have been kicked out of home by my father.
Fear sometimes can be motivating,and help us to do those things which we think and believe that we can never do.One of the most common fear inducing activities,for example,is swimming. This is primarily caused by most of us not having a background in swimming and only taking it up because it is part of the sport. Additionally,most humans are uncomfortable in the water as a general rule because of the fear of drowning. This fear of drowning is innately strong,and similar common or strong fears tend not to exist when it comes to cycling or running because they are land based activities.
Which of the following parts is not covered in the passage?
A:Examples of fear.
B:Positive impact of fear on people.
C:How to overcome fear of swimming.
D:Why the author's friend became homeless.
He was weary of the constant battle between them.
A: fond
B: proud
C: afraid
D: tired
A: fond
B: proud
C: afraid
D: tired