共用题干
So Many"Earths"
The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.
A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.
The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.
The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.
The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.
Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.
The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
So Many"Earths"
The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.
A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.
The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.
The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.
The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.
Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.
The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
A Special Journey
I am often asked to describe the experience of_______(51)a child with a disability一to try to help people who have not shared that unique experience to understand it,to imagine how it would feel.It's like this…
_______(52)you're going to have a baby,it's like planning a fabulous vacation trip to Italy. You buy a bunch of guide books and make your wonderful_______(53).The Coliseum,the Michelangelo,David,the gondolas in Venice.You may learn some handy phrases in Italian. It's all very exciting.
After months of eager anticipation,the day finally_______(54).You pack your bags and _______(55)you go.Several hours later,the plane lands.The_______(56)comes in and says,"Welcome to Holland."
"Holland?"you say."What do you mean by Holland?I signed up for Italy!I'm supposed to be in Italy. All my life I've dreamed_______(57)going to Italy."
But there's been a change in the flight plan.They've landed in Holland and there you must stay.
The important thing is that they haven't taken you to a horrible,disgusting,filthy place,full of pestilence,_______(58)and disease.It's just a_______(59)place.
_______(60)you must go out and buy new guide books.And you must learn a whole new language.And you will meet a whole new group of people you would never have met.
It's just a different place.It's slower-paced than Italy,less flashy than Italy. But after you've been there for a while and you catch your breath,you look around…and you begin to_______ (61)that Holland has windmills…and Holland has tulips.Holland even has Rembrandts.
But everyone you know is busy coming and going_______(62)Italy…and they're all bragging about_______(63)a wonderful time they had there. And for the rest of your life,you will say"Yes,that's where I was_______(64)to go.That's what I had planned."
But if you spend your life_______(65)the fact that you didn't get to Italy,you may never be free to enjoy the very special,the very lovely things about Holland.
_________(55)
A:late
B:later
C:off
D:away
A Special Journey
I am often asked to describe the experience of_______(51)a child with a disability一to try to help people who have not shared that unique experience to understand it,to imagine how it would feel.It's like this…
_______(52)you're going to have a baby,it's like planning a fabulous vacation trip to Italy. You buy a bunch of guide books and make your wonderful_______(53).The Coliseum,the Michelangelo,David,the gondolas in Venice.You may learn some handy phrases in Italian. It's all very exciting.
After months of eager anticipation,the day finally_______(54).You pack your bags and _______(55)you go.Several hours later,the plane lands.The_______(56)comes in and says,"Welcome to Holland."
"Holland?"you say."What do you mean by Holland?I signed up for Italy!I'm supposed to be in Italy. All my life I've dreamed_______(57)going to Italy."
But there's been a change in the flight plan.They've landed in Holland and there you must stay.
The important thing is that they haven't taken you to a horrible,disgusting,filthy place,full of pestilence,_______(58)and disease.It's just a_______(59)place.
_______(60)you must go out and buy new guide books.And you must learn a whole new language.And you will meet a whole new group of people you would never have met.
It's just a different place.It's slower-paced than Italy,less flashy than Italy. But after you've been there for a while and you catch your breath,you look around…and you begin to_______ (61)that Holland has windmills…and Holland has tulips.Holland even has Rembrandts.
But everyone you know is busy coming and going_______(62)Italy…and they're all bragging about_______(63)a wonderful time they had there. And for the rest of your life,you will say"Yes,that's where I was_______(64)to go.That's what I had planned."
But if you spend your life_______(65)the fact that you didn't get to Italy,you may never be free to enjoy the very special,the very lovely things about Holland.
_________(55)
A:late
B:later
C:off
D:away
共用题干
Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998 .The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3 .65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0 .44 kilometers.
Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.“We were very surprised by this result,”says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth.
“This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,”says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.
It can be learned from the last paragraph that______.
A: high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their later life
B: underweight babies have a shorter life span
C: babies born to poor families lack certain hormones before birth
D: newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies
Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998 .The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3 .65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0 .44 kilometers.
Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.“We were very surprised by this result,”says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth.
“This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,”says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.
It can be learned from the last paragraph that______.
A: high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their later life
B: underweight babies have a shorter life span
C: babies born to poor families lack certain hormones before birth
D: newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A:Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A:Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills
American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation （延迟）.They found that developing musical skill involves the______(51)process in the brain as learning how to speak.The scientists believe that could______(52)children with learning disabilities.
Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois.She says musical training______(53)putting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music,looking at musical notes,touching an instrument and watching other musicians.This______(54)is not much different from learning how to speak.Both involve different senses.
She further explains musical training and learning to______(55)each make us think about what we are doing.She says speech and music______(56)through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem.The brain stem______(57)our ability to hear.Until recently,experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed.______(58)Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.
The study involved individuals with different levels of musical______(59).They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures______(60)activity.The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument-the cello（大提琴）.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar______(61)some of the sounds that are impor-tant with speech.The study found that the more years of training people had,the more______(62)they were to the sound and rhythm of the music.Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the______(63)of sensory events was the strongest.It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning______（64).She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they______(65)sentences and understand facial expressions better.
_________64
A:styles
B:disabilities
C:interests
D:approaches
Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills
American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation （延迟）.They found that developing musical skill involves the______(51)process in the brain as learning how to speak.The scientists believe that could______(52)children with learning disabilities.
Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois.She says musical training______(53)putting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music,looking at musical notes,touching an instrument and watching other musicians.This______(54)is not much different from learning how to speak.Both involve different senses.
She further explains musical training and learning to______(55)each make us think about what we are doing.She says speech and music______(56)through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem.The brain stem______(57)our ability to hear.Until recently,experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed.______(58)Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.
The study involved individuals with different levels of musical______(59).They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures______(60)activity.The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument-the cello（大提琴）.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar______(61)some of the sounds that are impor-tant with speech.The study found that the more years of training people had,the more______(62)they were to the sound and rhythm of the music.Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the______(63)of sensory events was the strongest.It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning______（64).She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they______(65)sentences and understand facial expressions better.
_________64
A:styles
B:disabilities
C:interests
D:approaches
共用题干
Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind.
If you cannot see,you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building-and that could be fatal .A company in Leeds could change all that______(51)directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.
Sound Alert,a company______(52)the University of Leeds,is installing the alarms in a residential home for______(53)people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in
Cumbria.______(54)produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the______（55)is coming from.
Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be______（56)by humans."It is a burst of white noise ______(57)people say sounds like static on the radio,"she says."Its life-saving potential is great."
She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large______(58)room. It______(59)them nearly four minutes to find the door______(60)a sound alarm,but only 15 seconds with one.
Withington studies how the brain______(61)sounds at the university. She says that the _______(62)of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band .Alarms______(63)the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.
The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up______(64)down stairs.They were______（65)with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.
58._________
A: smoked
B: smoke-filled
C: filled with smoke
D: smoke-filling
Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind.
If you cannot see,you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building-and that could be fatal .A company in Leeds could change all that______(51)directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.
Sound Alert,a company______(52)the University of Leeds,is installing the alarms in a residential home for______(53)people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in
Cumbria.______(54)produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the______（55)is coming from.
Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be______（56)by humans."It is a burst of white noise ______(57)people say sounds like static on the radio,"she says."Its life-saving potential is great."
She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large______(58)room. It______(59)them nearly four minutes to find the door______(60)a sound alarm,but only 15 seconds with one.
Withington studies how the brain______(61)sounds at the university. She says that the _______(62)of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band .Alarms______(63)the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.
The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up______(64)down stairs.They were______（65)with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.
58._________
A: smoked
B: smoke-filled
C: filled with smoke
D: smoke-filling
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
My legs trembled with fear.
A:wept
B:cried
C:quivered
D:ran
A:wept
B:cried
C:quivered
D:ran
共用题干
Robots May Allow Surgery in Space
Small robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may allow doctors on
Earth to help perlorm surgery on patients in space.
The tiny,wheeled robots,_________(1)are about 3 inches tall and as wide as a
lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions（切口）and computer-controlled by
surgeons in different locations.Some robots are equipped_________(2)cameras and
lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached that
can be_________(3)remotely.
"We think this is going to_________(4)open surgery,"Dr. Dmitry Oleynikov said
at a news conference.Oleynikov is a_________(5)in computer-assisted surgery at
the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.
Officials hope that NASAwill teach_________(6)to use the robots soon enough so
that surgeries could one day be performed in space.
On earth,the surgeons could control the robots themselves_________(7)other
locations.For example,the robots could enable surgeons in other places to_________
(8)on injured soldiers on the front line.Researchers plan to seek federal regulatory
_________(9)early next year.Tests on animals have been successful,and tests on
humans in England will begin very soon.
The camera-carrying robots can provide_________(10)of affected areas and the
ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver（操控）inside the body in ways surgeons'
hands can't.The views from the camera-carrying robots are_________(11)than the
naked eye,because they_________(12)back color images that are magnified（放大）.
Because several robots can be inserted through one incision,they could reduce the amount
and_________(13)of cuts needed for surgery,which would decrease recovery time.
This is particularly_________( 14) to those patients who have been debilitated（使虚弱）
by long illness.
Eventually,Oleynikov said,the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without ever
_________(15)their hands in patients' bodies."That's the goal,"Oleynikov said."It's
getting easier and easier.We can do even more with these devices."
_________(11)
A:weaker
B:stronger
C:poorer
D:better
Robots May Allow Surgery in Space
Small robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may allow doctors on
Earth to help perlorm surgery on patients in space.
The tiny,wheeled robots,_________(1)are about 3 inches tall and as wide as a
lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions（切口）and computer-controlled by
surgeons in different locations.Some robots are equipped_________(2)cameras and
lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached that
can be_________(3)remotely.
"We think this is going to_________(4)open surgery,"Dr. Dmitry Oleynikov said
at a news conference.Oleynikov is a_________(5)in computer-assisted surgery at
the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.
Officials hope that NASAwill teach_________(6)to use the robots soon enough so
that surgeries could one day be performed in space.
On earth,the surgeons could control the robots themselves_________(7)other
locations.For example,the robots could enable surgeons in other places to_________
(8)on injured soldiers on the front line.Researchers plan to seek federal regulatory
_________(9)early next year.Tests on animals have been successful,and tests on
humans in England will begin very soon.
The camera-carrying robots can provide_________(10)of affected areas and the
ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver（操控）inside the body in ways surgeons'
hands can't.The views from the camera-carrying robots are_________(11)than the
naked eye,because they_________(12)back color images that are magnified（放大）.
Because several robots can be inserted through one incision,they could reduce the amount
and_________(13)of cuts needed for surgery,which would decrease recovery time.
This is particularly_________( 14) to those patients who have been debilitated（使虚弱）
by long illness.
Eventually,Oleynikov said,the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without ever
_________(15)their hands in patients' bodies."That's the goal,"Oleynikov said."It's
getting easier and easier.We can do even more with these devices."
_________(11)
A:weaker
B:stronger
C:poorer
D:better
共用题干
TV Games Shows
One of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience.A novel can be on the best sellers list with a sale of fewer than 100,000 .copies,but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers.TV can make anything or anyone well-known overnight.
This is the principle behind quiz or game shows,which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for the prizes and money.A quiz show can make anyone a star,and it can give away thou-sands of dollars just for fun.But all of this money can create problems.For instance,in the 1950s, quiz shows were very popular in the US and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor,became rich and famous after winning money on several shows.He even had a career as a television personality.But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheat-ing. It turned out that the show's producers,who were pulling the strings,gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why?Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game,they turned the show off. Based on his story,a movie under the title Quiz Show is on 40 years later.
Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV.But game shows are still here,though they aren't taken as seriously. In fact,some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible.There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together,or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV,or that punish losers by humiliating them.The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV.People still win money,but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of mil-lions.
The huge scandal of cheating in TV games shows was not exposed until 40 years later in the movie Quiz Show.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
TV Games Shows
One of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience.A novel can be on the best sellers list with a sale of fewer than 100,000 .copies,but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers.TV can make anything or anyone well-known overnight.
This is the principle behind quiz or game shows,which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for the prizes and money.A quiz show can make anyone a star,and it can give away thou-sands of dollars just for fun.But all of this money can create problems.For instance,in the 1950s, quiz shows were very popular in the US and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor,became rich and famous after winning money on several shows.He even had a career as a television personality.But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheat-ing. It turned out that the show's producers,who were pulling the strings,gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why?Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game,they turned the show off. Based on his story,a movie under the title Quiz Show is on 40 years later.
Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV.But game shows are still here,though they aren't taken as seriously. In fact,some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible.There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together,or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV,or that punish losers by humiliating them.The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV.People still win money,but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of mil-lions.
The huge scandal of cheating in TV games shows was not exposed until 40 years later in the movie Quiz Show.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
It is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A _________(51)report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of___________(52)in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work__________(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and whether there is a lesson to be__________(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we___________(55)any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there some secret__________(56)in the Japanese diet that is particularly __________(57)to the human body?
Another factor___________(58)to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate. Although longer life should be celebrated,it is___________(59)considered a social problem. The number of older people had_________(60)in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs.The country could soon be__________(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old people to be looked_________(62)and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
__________(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a____________(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It's important that the elderly play active_________(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.
_________(65)
A:roles
B:posts
C:positions
D:parts
It is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A _________(51)report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of___________(52)in social environment.
Scientists are trying to work__________(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and whether there is a lesson to be__________(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we___________(55)any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there some secret__________(56)in the Japanese diet that is particularly __________(57)to the human body?
Another factor___________(58)to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate. Although longer life should be celebrated,it is___________(59)considered a social problem. The number of older people had_________(60)in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs.The country could soon be__________(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old people to be looked_________(62)and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
__________(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a____________(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It's important that the elderly play active_________(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.
_________(65)
A:roles
B:posts
C:positions
D:parts
At that time,we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.
A:understand
B:give
C:attach
D:lose
A:understand
B:give
C:attach
D:lose
共用题干
About eight million school-age children are home alone after school.These are the hours when the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alco- hol,tobacco,and drugs. Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or two until a parent comes home,and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk of poor grades and risky behaviors.
Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors among youths .One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less vio- lence even in poor neighborhoods.
After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities to children and youths during their out-of-school time.In addition to helping youths make use of af-ter-school hours,after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relation-ships with adults.Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults, as well as good use of time,are very important for healthy development in youth.
After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and play basketball when a parent or other responsible adult is at home.The programs can also be helpful for formal after-school activities,including"drop-in"programs that are provided by organizations.
Despite the benefits of after-school programs,there are many reasons why some parents do not use them. Programs may be too expensive,of poor quality,or hard to join.Some older children and young teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care.Parents may feel uncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the tradition-al child care years.However,research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm.
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A: The grades of those children who are home alone after school are more likely to suffer.
B: Parents want to give their children as much as possible freedom.
C: The after-school programs help the students to make use of the time after school.
D: The after-school programs are effective in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm.
About eight million school-age children are home alone after school.These are the hours when the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alco- hol,tobacco,and drugs. Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or two until a parent comes home,and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk of poor grades and risky behaviors.
Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors among youths .One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less vio- lence even in poor neighborhoods.
After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities to children and youths during their out-of-school time.In addition to helping youths make use of af-ter-school hours,after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relation-ships with adults.Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults, as well as good use of time,are very important for healthy development in youth.
After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and play basketball when a parent or other responsible adult is at home.The programs can also be helpful for formal after-school activities,including"drop-in"programs that are provided by organizations.
Despite the benefits of after-school programs,there are many reasons why some parents do not use them. Programs may be too expensive,of poor quality,or hard to join.Some older children and young teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care.Parents may feel uncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the tradition-al child care years.However,research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm.
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A: The grades of those children who are home alone after school are more likely to suffer.
B: Parents want to give their children as much as possible freedom.
C: The after-school programs help the students to make use of the time after school.
D: The after-school programs are effective in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm.
共用题干
EL Nino
While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 EL Nino（厄尔尼诺现象，指赤
道东太平洋南美沿岸海水温度剧烈上升的现象。) a few months in advance , the Columbia University
researchers say their method can predict large EL Nino events up to two years in advance.That would be
good news for governments,farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that EL
Nino can produce in various parts of the world.
Using a computer,the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later EL Nino occurrences（发
生）between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate EL Nino events dating back to 1857,using prior
sea-surface temperatures.The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.
The researchers say their method is not perfect , but Bryan C. Weare , a meteorologist（气象学家）at the
University of California,Davis,who was not involved in the work,said it"suggests EL Nino is indeed
predictable".
"This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods,"said Weare.He
added that the new method " makes it possible to predict EL Nino at long lead（提前的）times ". Other
models also use sea-surface temperatures,but they have not looked as far back because they need other data,
which is only available for recent decades,Weare said.
The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance.The 1997 EL
Nino , for example , caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide , offset（抵消）by beneficial effects
in other areas,said David Anderson,of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in
Reading , England. The 1877 EL Nino , meanwhile , coincided（同时发生）with a failure of the Indian monsoon
and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China,prompting the development of seasonal
forecasting,Anderson said.
When EL Nino hit in 1991 and 1997,200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone,
according to a 2002 United Nations report.
While predicting smaller EL Nino events remains tricky（复杂的）, the ability to predict larger ones
should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed.
EL Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and
February.The warming tends to last between 9 and 1 2 months and occurs every two to seven years.
The new forecasting method does not predict any major EL Nino events in the next two years,although a
weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.
Predicting smaller EL Nino events is possible if the new method is confirmed.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
EL Nino
While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 EL Nino（厄尔尼诺现象，指赤
道东太平洋南美沿岸海水温度剧烈上升的现象。) a few months in advance , the Columbia University
researchers say their method can predict large EL Nino events up to two years in advance.That would be
good news for governments,farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that EL
Nino can produce in various parts of the world.
Using a computer,the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later EL Nino occurrences（发
生）between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate EL Nino events dating back to 1857,using prior
sea-surface temperatures.The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.
The researchers say their method is not perfect , but Bryan C. Weare , a meteorologist（气象学家）at the
University of California,Davis,who was not involved in the work,said it"suggests EL Nino is indeed
predictable".
"This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods,"said Weare.He
added that the new method " makes it possible to predict EL Nino at long lead（提前的）times ". Other
models also use sea-surface temperatures,but they have not looked as far back because they need other data,
which is only available for recent decades,Weare said.
The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance.The 1997 EL
Nino , for example , caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide , offset（抵消）by beneficial effects
in other areas,said David Anderson,of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in
Reading , England. The 1877 EL Nino , meanwhile , coincided（同时发生）with a failure of the Indian monsoon
and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China,prompting the development of seasonal
forecasting,Anderson said.
When EL Nino hit in 1991 and 1997,200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone,
according to a 2002 United Nations report.
While predicting smaller EL Nino events remains tricky（复杂的）, the ability to predict larger ones
should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed.
EL Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and
February.The warming tends to last between 9 and 1 2 months and occurs every two to seven years.
The new forecasting method does not predict any major EL Nino events in the next two years,although a
weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.
Predicting smaller EL Nino events is possible if the new method is confirmed.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
People in Beijing wear a lot of clothing during winter to fend（抵御）off the cold.In the United States,however,people wear________(51),partly because the car is the primary mode of transportation.Cars take_________(52)straight to their workplaces,which are heated well.The American diet is full of calories,so their__________(53)can afford to burn heat more quickly.
Fewer layers of clothing give people the opportunity to stay__________(54).Lots of Yale girls wear skirts _________( 55 ) when it's 10 degrees Centigrade（摄氏温度的）outside. Some of them at least wear boots,tights（裤袜）,and leg-warmers（暖腿套）.Some,however,really just go for（选择）the look__________(56)the risk of health.These girls have nothing to prevent their legs _________( 57 ) the wind , and no socks to protect their feet. A mini skirt and a pair of stilettos（细高跟鞋）are all that they wear.
Typically,the ones pursuing fashion are__________(58),with little body fat. Just by the nature of their bodies,they are already at a disadvantage compared with normal people in__________(59) weather. I have always _________(60) ,whenever I pass these girls,how they manage to refrain from shivering and just smile like spring had arrived.
And then there are the guys.The girls can be said to_________(61)health for beauty.But why do guys________(62 ) so little? It is not like , once they shed（脱掉）some layers , they suddenly become better-looking. They are not exactly being fashionable when they__________(63)wear sporty （花哨的）shorts and shower slippers in the midst of winter. It's not cute（喜人的）.
Of course,people have the freedom to look whatever_________(64)they want. I am just surprised that,given the vast difference between winter and summer temperatures in Connecticut,they can still________(65)like they are partying on the beach in the middle of February.
_________(65)
A:see
B:resemble
C:show
D:look
People in Beijing wear a lot of clothing during winter to fend（抵御）off the cold.In the United States,however,people wear________(51),partly because the car is the primary mode of transportation.Cars take_________(52)straight to their workplaces,which are heated well.The American diet is full of calories,so their__________(53)can afford to burn heat more quickly.
Fewer layers of clothing give people the opportunity to stay__________(54).Lots of Yale girls wear skirts _________( 55 ) when it's 10 degrees Centigrade（摄氏温度的）outside. Some of them at least wear boots,tights（裤袜）,and leg-warmers（暖腿套）.Some,however,really just go for（选择）the look__________(56)the risk of health.These girls have nothing to prevent their legs _________( 57 ) the wind , and no socks to protect their feet. A mini skirt and a pair of stilettos（细高跟鞋）are all that they wear.
Typically,the ones pursuing fashion are__________(58),with little body fat. Just by the nature of their bodies,they are already at a disadvantage compared with normal people in__________(59) weather. I have always _________(60) ,whenever I pass these girls,how they manage to refrain from shivering and just smile like spring had arrived.
And then there are the guys.The girls can be said to_________(61)health for beauty.But why do guys________(62 ) so little? It is not like , once they shed（脱掉）some layers , they suddenly become better-looking. They are not exactly being fashionable when they__________(63)wear sporty （花哨的）shorts and shower slippers in the midst of winter. It's not cute（喜人的）.
Of course,people have the freedom to look whatever_________(64)they want. I am just surprised that,given the vast difference between winter and summer temperatures in Connecticut,they can still________(65)like they are partying on the beach in the middle of February.
_________(65)
A:see
B:resemble
C:show
D:look