共用题干
StopSpam
When I first got an e-mail account ten years ago,I received communications only from family,friends,and colleagues.______(46)If we want e-mail to continue to be useful,we need specific laws that make spamming（发送垃圾邮件）a crime.
If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam,the problem will certainly get much worse.______(47)As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products,individual （个人的）e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time?
______(48)Many spam e-mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company.Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks.______(49)
Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks.These computer problems raise production costs of companies,which are,in the end, passes on to the consumer.
For these reasons , I believe that lawmakers need to legislate（立法）against spam.
______(50)E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate,but spam is destroying this convenience.
______(48)
A: Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly.
B: This question is troubling for individuals and companies as well.
C: But now it seems that every time I check my e-mail,I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all.
D: Spammers should be fined,and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people.
E: And their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively.
F: Spamming is more serious in China than in America.
StopSpam
When I first got an e-mail account ten years ago,I received communications only from family,friends,and colleagues.______(46)If we want e-mail to continue to be useful,we need specific laws that make spamming（发送垃圾邮件）a crime.
If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam,the problem will certainly get much worse.______(47)As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products,individual （个人的）e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time?
______(48)Many spam e-mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company.Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks.______(49)
Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks.These computer problems raise production costs of companies,which are,in the end, passes on to the consumer.
For these reasons , I believe that lawmakers need to legislate（立法）against spam.
______(50)E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate,but spam is destroying this convenience.
______(48)
A: Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly.
B: This question is troubling for individuals and companies as well.
C: But now it seems that every time I check my e-mail,I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all.
D: Spammers should be fined,and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people.
E: And their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively.
F: Spamming is more serious in China than in America.
共用题干
Some doctors think that you should drink a glass of water each morning. You should drink water before doing anything else.The temperature of the water should be similar to body temperature:not hot,not cold.Why should you drink this water?______(46).It helps clean out your kidneys.It prepares your stomach for digestion.______(47).After drinking water,the intestines can more easily take out nutrients from our food. And water helps us go to the bathroom more easily.
Scientists suggest that people take in 1,600 milliliters of water each day.______(48).If you do,your kidneys will have to work much harder to eliminate it. It's better to drink some in morning and some in afternoon.______(49).And during meals,they think water dilutes the juices produced in our stomachs.This can interfere with normal digestion.
Are you drinking enough water every day?Check the color of your urine.______(50).if your urine is very dark yellow,your probably need to drink more water. A little water each day could make you much healthier.
_________（50）
A:If it is light yellow,you are probably drinking enough
B:Water can also help your intestines work better
C:Some people think it's better to drink between meals
D:Water helps your body in many ways
E:But don't drink all of that water in one sitting
F: Water is an essential element of life
Some doctors think that you should drink a glass of water each morning. You should drink water before doing anything else.The temperature of the water should be similar to body temperature:not hot,not cold.Why should you drink this water?______(46).It helps clean out your kidneys.It prepares your stomach for digestion.______(47).After drinking water,the intestines can more easily take out nutrients from our food. And water helps us go to the bathroom more easily.
Scientists suggest that people take in 1,600 milliliters of water each day.______(48).If you do,your kidneys will have to work much harder to eliminate it. It's better to drink some in morning and some in afternoon.______(49).And during meals,they think water dilutes the juices produced in our stomachs.This can interfere with normal digestion.
Are you drinking enough water every day?Check the color of your urine.______(50).if your urine is very dark yellow,your probably need to drink more water. A little water each day could make you much healthier.
_________（50）
A:If it is light yellow,you are probably drinking enough
B:Water can also help your intestines work better
C:Some people think it's better to drink between meals
D:Water helps your body in many ways
E:But don't drink all of that water in one sitting
F: Water is an essential element of life
共用题干
第二篇
Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"
Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment
as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of
Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving the soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of
nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers
to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by
vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation,said,
"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very
aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong
influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we
found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of
other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the
grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and
densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both of which can be found across Europe,including the
UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the
local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the
opposite effect,the predation counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil
nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their
predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of the ecosystem not only because they constitute a great part of the
animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high,and
these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness.However,it is
not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important
in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their
effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.
What does Paragraph 6 tell us?
A:Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.
B:Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
C:Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
D:At higher density,ants produce a positive influence on an area.
第二篇
Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"
Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment
as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of
Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving the soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of
nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers
to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by
vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation,said,
"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very
aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong
influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we
found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of
other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the
grassland food web,"Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and
densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both of which can be found across Europe,including the
UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the
local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the
opposite effect,the predation counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil
nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their
predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of the ecosystem not only because they constitute a great part of the
animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high,and
these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness.However,it is
not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important
in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their
effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.
What does Paragraph 6 tell us?
A:Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.
B:Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
C:Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
D:At higher density,ants produce a positive influence on an area.
共用题干
The Greatest Mystery of Whales
The whale is a warm一blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them一and,
like all mammals,originated on land. There are many________________(51)of this. Its front flippers（鳍状肢）,
used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.
Immense strength is________________(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a
whale's body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated________________(53)
400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed（拖）a whaling vessel for seven hours at the
_______________ (54)of eight knot（节）.
An angry whale will________________(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,
________________(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently,steel ships
have ___________( 57 ) their plates buckled（使弯曲）in the same way. Sperm whales（抹香鲸）were known
to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest________________(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom foi
his________________(59)food,the octopus（章鱼）.In that search he is known to go as far down as 3 , 200 feet,
where the________________(60)is 1,400 pounds,to a square inch.Doing so he will________________(61)underwa-
ter as long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough________________(62)(all
whales are air-breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have nol
_______________ (63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special________________(64)of blood
vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort
of a compensating mechanism that________________(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you
can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work.
_________(59)
A:favorite
B:fast
C:new
D:sufficient
The Greatest Mystery of Whales
The whale is a warm一blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them一and,
like all mammals,originated on land. There are many________________(51)of this. Its front flippers（鳍状肢）,
used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.
Immense strength is________________(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a
whale's body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated________________(53)
400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed（拖）a whaling vessel for seven hours at the
_______________ (54)of eight knot（节）.
An angry whale will________________(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,
________________(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently,steel ships
have ___________( 57 ) their plates buckled（使弯曲）in the same way. Sperm whales（抹香鲸）were known
to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest________________(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom foi
his________________(59)food,the octopus（章鱼）.In that search he is known to go as far down as 3 , 200 feet,
where the________________(60)is 1,400 pounds,to a square inch.Doing so he will________________(61)underwa-
ter as long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough________________(62)(all
whales are air-breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have nol
_______________ (63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special________________(64)of blood
vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort
of a compensating mechanism that________________(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you
can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work.
_________(59)
A:favorite
B:fast
C:new
D:sufficient
共用题干
Free Statins with Fast Food could Neutralize Heart Risk
Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of1so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food,researchers at Imperial College London 2in a new study.
Statins reduce the3of unhealthy“LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person's heart attack4.
In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology,Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is5to offset the increase in heart attack risk from6a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.
Dr Francis,from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London,who is the senior author of the study,said:“Statins don't cut out all of the7effects of cheeseburgers and French fries. It's better to avoid fatty food altogether. But we've worked out that in terms of your8of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same9 as a fast food meal increases it.”“It's ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condi-ments in fast food outlets as they10,but statins,which are beneficial to heart health,have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11 free of charge. It would cost less than 5 pence per/u>12一not much different to a sachet of sugar.”Dr Francis said.
When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking,they're encouraged to take13that lower their risk,like14a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.
Taking a statin is a rational way of15some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.
5._________
A: severe
B: enough
C: weak
D: active
Free Statins with Fast Food could Neutralize Heart Risk
Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of1so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food,researchers at Imperial College London 2in a new study.
Statins reduce the3of unhealthy“LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person's heart attack4.
In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology,Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is5to offset the increase in heart attack risk from6a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.
Dr Francis,from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London,who is the senior author of the study,said:“Statins don't cut out all of the7effects of cheeseburgers and French fries. It's better to avoid fatty food altogether. But we've worked out that in terms of your8of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same9 as a fast food meal increases it.”“It's ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condi-ments in fast food outlets as they10,but statins,which are beneficial to heart health,have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11 free of charge. It would cost less than 5 pence per/u>12一not much different to a sachet of sugar.”Dr Francis said.
When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking,they're encouraged to take13that lower their risk,like14a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.
Taking a statin is a rational way of15some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.
5._________
A: severe
B: enough
C: weak
D: active
共用题干
Teaching Math,Teaching Anxiety
In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school,the psychologists at the University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship be-tween what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is un-comfortable with her own math skills,then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.
If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades,it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up be-lieving that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.
Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult,teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn一and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for every-one. Researchers use the word“anxiety”to describe such feelings:anxiety is uneasiness or worry.
The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math,that feeling can influ-
ence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first-and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year,and the researchers com-pared the scores.
The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find out
which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt,for example, was probably anxious about math.
Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study
did. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math一and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.
“This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample,”said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia.
The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings______.
A: prove a strong link between female teachers'math anxiety and their female students' math achievements
B: show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than fe-male students
C: provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females
D: discover a strong link between teachers'math anxiety and their students'math achievements
Teaching Math,Teaching Anxiety
In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school,the psychologists at the University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship be-tween what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is un-comfortable with her own math skills,then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.
If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades,it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up be-lieving that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.
Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult,teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn一and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for every-one. Researchers use the word“anxiety”to describe such feelings:anxiety is uneasiness or worry.
The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math,that feeling can influ-
ence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first-and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year,and the researchers com-pared the scores.
The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find out
which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt,for example, was probably anxious about math.
Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study
did. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math一and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.
“This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample,”said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia.
The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings______.
A: prove a strong link between female teachers'math anxiety and their female students' math achievements
B: show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than fe-male students
C: provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females
D: discover a strong link between teachers'math anxiety and their students'math achievements
共用题干
Levi Strauss was born in Germany in the mid 1800's and(51)______to the United States as a young man.He lived in New York City and learned the dry-goods business for several.years.In 1853 he took his knowledge and his(52)______to San Francisco(California.,USA.).His dream to(53)______came true over the next 20 years as he became a very successful (54)______.
Many of Levi Strauss' customers were cowboys and miners.They needed(55)______that was strong and durable.Strauss found a special(56)______from France that was comfortable and(57)______a long time.It was called"serge de Nimes,"which was later shortened to the word denim.
Another man named Jacob Davis(58)______large amounts of the denim fabric from Levi Strauss.He was a tailor who made pants for hard-working men. One of his customers was(59) ______tearing the pockets off his pants.So Jacob Davis(60)______to put rivets on certain parts of the pants to make them(61)______.The customer loved the new pants so much that he told all his friends,and soon Jacob Davis was busy(62)______lots of pants with rivets.
Jacob Davis soon realized that using rivets was a great business idea,and he didn't want any-body to steal that idea. He decided that he would need to get a patent. But being a(63)______ tailor,he didn't have enough money to pay for the patent. After thinking it over,he went to the businessman Levi Strauss and told him his idea. He said,"If you(64)______to pay for the patent, we will share the(65)______from the riveted pants."Levi Strauss did agree,and the new riveted pant business was called Levi Strauss&Company. Today Levi's jeans are more popular than ever,and Levi's name continues to live on.
_________(63)
A:happy
B:wealthy
C:poor
D:busy
Levi Strauss was born in Germany in the mid 1800's and(51)______to the United States as a young man.He lived in New York City and learned the dry-goods business for several.years.In 1853 he took his knowledge and his(52)______to San Francisco(California.,USA.).His dream to(53)______came true over the next 20 years as he became a very successful (54)______.
Many of Levi Strauss' customers were cowboys and miners.They needed(55)______that was strong and durable.Strauss found a special(56)______from France that was comfortable and(57)______a long time.It was called"serge de Nimes,"which was later shortened to the word denim.
Another man named Jacob Davis(58)______large amounts of the denim fabric from Levi Strauss.He was a tailor who made pants for hard-working men. One of his customers was(59) ______tearing the pockets off his pants.So Jacob Davis(60)______to put rivets on certain parts of the pants to make them(61)______.The customer loved the new pants so much that he told all his friends,and soon Jacob Davis was busy(62)______lots of pants with rivets.
Jacob Davis soon realized that using rivets was a great business idea,and he didn't want any-body to steal that idea. He decided that he would need to get a patent. But being a(63)______ tailor,he didn't have enough money to pay for the patent. After thinking it over,he went to the businessman Levi Strauss and told him his idea. He said,"If you(64)______to pay for the patent, we will share the(65)______from the riveted pants."Levi Strauss did agree,and the new riveted pant business was called Levi Strauss&Company. Today Levi's jeans are more popular than ever,and Levi's name continues to live on.
_________(63)
A:happy
B:wealthy
C:poor
D:busy
共用题干
The Joy of Living Alone
More and more Americans are living alone .Some live alone because of divorce or the
death of a partner.________(1) According to a recent U. S. census（人口普查）,25
percent of all households in the U.S.are made up of just one person.This is a dramatic
change from the extended families of just a couple of generations ago.
The typical person living alone is neither old nor lonely._______(2)The majority
of these people have chosen to live alone.They are responding to decreasing social
pressure to get married and have a family.
It's now socially acceptable,even fashionable,to live alone.As people get better jobs
and become financially independent,it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person
household.________(3)However,people who do get married are marrying at a later
age and divorcing more often.
The number one reason given by most people for living alone is that they simply enjoy
doing what they want when they want to do it."Living alone is a luxury,"says Nina Hagiwara,
38."Once you do it,you can't ever go back to living with others."David C'Debaca,46,
agrees.__________(4)
Children think that being grown up means being able to do exactly as they please.
________ (5)The chance to discover whether that freedom is as wonderful as it
sounds is a chance more and more Americans are taking.
_________（3）
A: There's more pressure to get married nowadays.
B: The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.
C: However,even more people are living alone because they have chosen to.
D: It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.
E: In fact,a quarter of the 23 million single people in the U.S are under the age of 35.
F: He says,"I like being by myself."
The Joy of Living Alone
More and more Americans are living alone .Some live alone because of divorce or the
death of a partner.________(1) According to a recent U. S. census（人口普查）,25
percent of all households in the U.S.are made up of just one person.This is a dramatic
change from the extended families of just a couple of generations ago.
The typical person living alone is neither old nor lonely._______(2)The majority
of these people have chosen to live alone.They are responding to decreasing social
pressure to get married and have a family.
It's now socially acceptable,even fashionable,to live alone.As people get better jobs
and become financially independent,it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person
household.________(3)However,people who do get married are marrying at a later
age and divorcing more often.
The number one reason given by most people for living alone is that they simply enjoy
doing what they want when they want to do it."Living alone is a luxury,"says Nina Hagiwara,
38."Once you do it,you can't ever go back to living with others."David C'Debaca,46,
agrees.__________(4)
Children think that being grown up means being able to do exactly as they please.
________ (5)The chance to discover whether that freedom is as wonderful as it
sounds is a chance more and more Americans are taking.
_________（3）
A: There's more pressure to get married nowadays.
B: The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.
C: However,even more people are living alone because they have chosen to.
D: It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.
E: In fact,a quarter of the 23 million single people in the U.S are under the age of 35.
F: He says,"I like being by myself."
共用题干
第一篇
The Development of Ballet
Ballet is a dance form that has a long history.The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted
as times have changed.
Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance.At that time it became common for kings and
queens,as well as other nobility（贵族）,to participate in pageants that included music,poetry,and dance.
As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones,court ladies began participating in
them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate（复杂的）
walking patterns.It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts,changed to flat shoes,
and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began.King Louis XIV of France,himself a devoted
dancer,founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin
were finalized.In the late 1700s another important change occurred.Ballet began to tell a story on its own.It
was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays.Elaborate wigs（假发）and costumes were
eliminated.By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.
Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians re-
mained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s.One of the most
influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev.His dance company,the Ballets Russes,
brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants,George Balanchine,went on to
found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.
Professional ballet was first performed in_______.
A:Italy
B:Russia
C:America
D:France
第一篇
The Development of Ballet
Ballet is a dance form that has a long history.The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted
as times have changed.
Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance.At that time it became common for kings and
queens,as well as other nobility（贵族）,to participate in pageants that included music,poetry,and dance.
As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones,court ladies began participating in
them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate（复杂的）
walking patterns.It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts,changed to flat shoes,
and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began.King Louis XIV of France,himself a devoted
dancer,founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin
were finalized.In the late 1700s another important change occurred.Ballet began to tell a story on its own.It
was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays.Elaborate wigs（假发）and costumes were
eliminated.By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.
Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians re-
mained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s.One of the most
influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev.His dance company,the Ballets Russes,
brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants,George Balanchine,went on to
found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.
Professional ballet was first performed in_______.
A:Italy
B:Russia
C:America
D:France
共用题干
第二篇
Students Learn Better with Touchscreen Desks
Observe the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world,and a few of the many
complaints are more or less universal.Technology moves faster than the education system.Teachers must
teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And一particularly in the United States一
school children as a group don't care much for,or excel（擅长）at,mathemnatics. So it's heartening to learn
that a new kind of"classroom of the future"shows promise at easing some of these problems,starting with
that fundamental piece of classroom furniture:the desk.
A UK study involving roughly 400 students,mostly aged 8一10 years,and a new generation of
multis-touch,multi-user,computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology
has appreciably boosted students'math skills compared with peers learning the same material via the con-
ventional paper-and-pencil method.How?Through collaboration,mostly,as well as by giving teachers better
tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of
the class to continue moving forward.
Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy（效力）at increasing students'fluency in mathe-
matics,essentially through memorization and practice一dull,repetitive practice.But the researchers have con-
cluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility一the critical thinking skills that al-
low students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices,but by being able
to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.
One reason for this,the researchers say,is the multi-touch aspect of the technology.Students working in
the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop,each of them contributing and engaging with
the problem as part of a group.Known as SynergyNet,the software uses computer vision systems that see in
the infrared（红外线的）spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface,
allowing students to access and use tools on the screen,move objects and visual aids around on their desk-
tops,and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens.By using these
screens collaboratively,the researchers say,the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with
a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the public education system?
A:It does not catch up with the development of technology.
B:Some similar complaints about it are heard in different countries.
C:Many students are not good at learning mathematics.
D:Teachers pay more attention to fast learners than slow learners.
第二篇
Students Learn Better with Touchscreen Desks
Observe the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world,and a few of the many
complaints are more or less universal.Technology moves faster than the education system.Teachers must
teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And一particularly in the United States一
school children as a group don't care much for,or excel（擅长）at,mathemnatics. So it's heartening to learn
that a new kind of"classroom of the future"shows promise at easing some of these problems,starting with
that fundamental piece of classroom furniture:the desk.
A UK study involving roughly 400 students,mostly aged 8一10 years,and a new generation of
multis-touch,multi-user,computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology
has appreciably boosted students'math skills compared with peers learning the same material via the con-
ventional paper-and-pencil method.How?Through collaboration,mostly,as well as by giving teachers better
tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra instruction while allowing the rest of
the class to continue moving forward.
Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy（效力）at increasing students'fluency in mathe-
matics,essentially through memorization and practice一dull,repetitive practice.But the researchers have con-
cluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility一the critical thinking skills that al-
low students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices,but by being able
to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving it.
One reason for this,the researchers say,is the multi-touch aspect of the technology.Students working in
the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop,each of them contributing and engaging with
the problem as part of a group.Known as SynergyNet,the software uses computer vision systems that see in
the infrared（红外线的）spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface,
allowing students to access and use tools on the screen,move objects and visual aids around on their desk-
tops,and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens.By using these
screens collaboratively,the researchers say,the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with
a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the public education system?
A:It does not catch up with the development of technology.
B:Some similar complaints about it are heard in different countries.
C:Many students are not good at learning mathematics.
D:Teachers pay more attention to fast learners than slow learners.
共用题干
Travel Across Africa
For six hours we shot through the barren（荒芜的）landscape of the Karoo desert in
South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending,Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth,a beautiful leather notebook I'd bought in a market in Mozambique.
Southern Africa was full of stories and visions.We were almost drunk on sensations,the roaring（咆哮）of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
And then the other things:dogs in the streets,whole families in Soweto living in one room,a kilometre from clean water.
As we drove towards the setting sun,a quietness fell over us. The road was empty一we hadn't seen another car for hours.And as I drove,something caught my eye,something moving close enough to touch them,to smell their hot breath. I didn't know how long they had been there next to us.
I shouted to Dan:“Look!”But he was in a deep sleep,his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds,then disappeared far behind us,a memory of he- roic forms in the red landscape.
When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.
”Wild horses?”he said.”Why didn't you wake me up,Sophia?”
”I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds.”
”Are you sure you didn't dream it?”
”You were the one who was sleeping!”
”Typical”,he said.”The best photos are the ones we never take.”
We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.
Sophia wrote about her experiences in notebooks.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
Travel Across Africa
For six hours we shot through the barren（荒芜的）landscape of the Karoo desert in
South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending,Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth,a beautiful leather notebook I'd bought in a market in Mozambique.
Southern Africa was full of stories and visions.We were almost drunk on sensations,the roaring（咆哮）of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
And then the other things:dogs in the streets,whole families in Soweto living in one room,a kilometre from clean water.
As we drove towards the setting sun,a quietness fell over us. The road was empty一we hadn't seen another car for hours.And as I drove,something caught my eye,something moving close enough to touch them,to smell their hot breath. I didn't know how long they had been there next to us.
I shouted to Dan:“Look!”But he was in a deep sleep,his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds,then disappeared far behind us,a memory of he- roic forms in the red landscape.
When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.
”Wild horses?”he said.”Why didn't you wake me up,Sophia?”
”I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds.”
”Are you sure you didn't dream it?”
”You were the one who was sleeping!”
”Typical”,he said.”The best photos are the ones we never take.”
We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.
Sophia wrote about her experiences in notebooks.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
第二篇
Shopping at Second-Hand Clothing Stores
When 33-year-old Pete Barth was in college,shopping at second-hand clothing stores was just something
he did一“like changing the tires on his car."He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of
money by shopping for clothes at
thrift shops.
" Even new clothes are fairly disposable（可丢掉的）and worn out after a couple of years , " Barth said.
"In thrift shops,you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."
Since then,Barth,who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida,has found that there are
all kinds of reasons for shopping for second一hand clothing.Some people,like him,shop to save money.Some
shop for a crazy-looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.
Pat Akins , an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army (SA)（救世军）thrift shop, said that, for her,
shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.
"When my daughter was little,we looked at it as recycling,"Akins said."Also,why pay 30 dollars for
a new coat when you can get another one for a lot less?"
Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US一“some as big as department stores".All of the
clothes are donated（捐赠）,and when they have a surplus（盈余）,they' ll have "stuff-a-bag" specials,
where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars.
Julia Slocum,22,points out,however,that the huge amount of second-hand clothing in the US is the
result of American wastefulness.
"I'd say that second-hand stores are the result of our wasteful,materialistic culture,"said Slocum,who
works for a pro-conservation organization,the Center for a New American Dream."Thrift shops prevent the
waste from going to landfills（垃圾填埋场）;they give clothing a second life , provide cheaper clothing for
those who can' t afford new ones and generate（生成）income for charities. They also provide a way for the
wealthy and middle classes to shed（摆脱）some of the guilt for their level of consumption."
Which statement about Barth is NOT true?
A:He is 33 years old now.
B:He works at a Goodwill thrift shop.
C:He works at a Salvation Army thrift shop.
D:He was a college student many years ago.
第二篇
Shopping at Second-Hand Clothing Stores
When 33-year-old Pete Barth was in college,shopping at second-hand clothing stores was just something
he did一“like changing the tires on his car."He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of
money by shopping for clothes at
thrift shops.
" Even new clothes are fairly disposable（可丢掉的）and worn out after a couple of years , " Barth said.
"In thrift shops,you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."
Since then,Barth,who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida,has found that there are
all kinds of reasons for shopping for second一hand clothing.Some people,like him,shop to save money.Some
shop for a crazy-looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.
Pat Akins , an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army (SA)（救世军）thrift shop, said that, for her,
shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.
"When my daughter was little,we looked at it as recycling,"Akins said."Also,why pay 30 dollars for
a new coat when you can get another one for a lot less?"
Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US一“some as big as department stores".All of the
clothes are donated（捐赠）,and when they have a surplus（盈余）,they' ll have "stuff-a-bag" specials,
where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars.
Julia Slocum,22,points out,however,that the huge amount of second-hand clothing in the US is the
result of American wastefulness.
"I'd say that second-hand stores are the result of our wasteful,materialistic culture,"said Slocum,who
works for a pro-conservation organization,the Center for a New American Dream."Thrift shops prevent the
waste from going to landfills（垃圾填埋场）;they give clothing a second life , provide cheaper clothing for
those who can' t afford new ones and generate（生成）income for charities. They also provide a way for the
wealthy and middle classes to shed（摆脱）some of the guilt for their level of consumption."
Which statement about Barth is NOT true?
A:He is 33 years old now.
B:He works at a Goodwill thrift shop.
C:He works at a Salvation Army thrift shop.
D:He was a college student many years ago.
共用题干
Every Dog Has His Say
Kimiko Fukuda always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup,it would pull at her sleeve.______(1)When the dog barks,she glances at a small electronic gadget（装置）. The following “human” translation appears on its screen:“Please take me with you”“I realized that's how he was feeling.”says Fukuda.
The gadget is called Bowlingual,and it translates dog barks into feelings.People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world's first dog-human translation machine in 2002.But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it.______(2)
“Nobody else had thought about it,”said Masahiko Kajita,who works for Takara.“We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders;what would it be like if we could understand dogs?”
Bowlingual has two parts.______(3)The translation is done in the gadget using a da- tabase containing every kind of bark.
Based on animal behavior research,these noises are divided into six categories:happi- ness,sadness,frustration,anger,declaration and desire.______(4)In this way,the data- base scientifically matches a bark to an emotion,which is then translated into one of 200 phrases.
When a visitor went to Fukuda's house recently,the dog barked a loud“bow wow”. ______(5)It was followed by“I'm stronger than you”as the dog growled and sniffed（嗅） at the visitor.
The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120.It can store up to 100 barks,even recording the dog's emotions when the owner is away.
_______(3)
A: A wireless microphone is attached to the dog's collar,which sends information to the gadget held by the owner.
B: Nobody really knows how a dog feels.
C: This translated as“Don't come this way”.
D: More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer.
E: Now,the Japanese girl thinks she knows.
F: Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like“Let's play”,“Look at me”, or“Spend more time with me”.
Every Dog Has His Say
Kimiko Fukuda always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup,it would pull at her sleeve.______(1)When the dog barks,she glances at a small electronic gadget（装置）. The following “human” translation appears on its screen:“Please take me with you”“I realized that's how he was feeling.”says Fukuda.
The gadget is called Bowlingual,and it translates dog barks into feelings.People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world's first dog-human translation machine in 2002.But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it.______(2)
“Nobody else had thought about it,”said Masahiko Kajita,who works for Takara.“We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders;what would it be like if we could understand dogs?”
Bowlingual has two parts.______(3)The translation is done in the gadget using a da- tabase containing every kind of bark.
Based on animal behavior research,these noises are divided into six categories:happi- ness,sadness,frustration,anger,declaration and desire.______(4)In this way,the data- base scientifically matches a bark to an emotion,which is then translated into one of 200 phrases.
When a visitor went to Fukuda's house recently,the dog barked a loud“bow wow”. ______(5)It was followed by“I'm stronger than you”as the dog growled and sniffed（嗅） at the visitor.
The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120.It can store up to 100 barks,even recording the dog's emotions when the owner is away.
_______(3)
A: A wireless microphone is attached to the dog's collar,which sends information to the gadget held by the owner.
B: Nobody really knows how a dog feels.
C: This translated as“Don't come this way”.
D: More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer.
E: Now,the Japanese girl thinks she knows.
F: Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like“Let's play”,“Look at me”, or“Spend more time with me”.
Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted“ joe ,Joe,Joe.”
A: repeated
B: jumped
C: maintained
D: approached
A: repeated
B: jumped
C: maintained
D: approached
共用题干
Earth's Inner Core
Scientists have long struggled to understand what lies at the planet's center.Direct
observation of its center is impossible,so researchers must_________(1)to other evidence.
In 1889,a German scientist detected a severe earthquake in Japan.Geophysicists
concluded that shock waves_________(2) jolts（晃动）from one side of Earth through
the center to the other side.Then in 1936,Danish geophysicist lnge Lehmann studied the
waves' __________ (3) to determine that within Earth's core of molten（熔化了的）iron
lies a solid inner core一but_________(4) that core was made of eluded（难倒）her.
Other geophysicists quickly determined that Lehmann's inner core was composed mostly
_________(5) iron.Since then,Lehmann's discovery has _________(6)
conventional Earth science.
But now scientists are challenging traditional theory with new and radical_________
(7).For example,Earth's center could actually contain an"inner core within the inner
core."claim lshii and colleague Adam Dziewonski.
Analyzing hundreds of thousands of earthquake wave _________(8),they
maintain that the inner core has at its heart a tiny, even more solid sphere（球体）.This
sphere"may be the oldest fossil_________(9)from the formation of Earth,"says Dziewonski.
Dziewonski and Ishii speculate that shortly _________(10)Earth formed around
4.8 billion years ago,a giant asteroid（小行星）smashed into the young planet and nearly
melted it.But Earth's center didn't quite melt;it_________(11)mass as the planet
cooled. The core within a core may be the kernel（核心）that endured. " Its presence
could change our basic ideas about the_________(12)of the planet,"Dziewonski
says.
Dziewonski's idea is tame（温和的）compared to the_________( 13 ) theories of
independent geophysicist J. Marvin Herndon.Earth's inner core is made not of iron,he
claims,but a_________(14)of nickel and silicon.Herndon has a truly revolutionary
notion : Within the nickel silicide（硅化物）inner core is also an "inner" inner core一an
8km-wide ball of the element uranium.Uranium is radioactive.Herndon thinks the uranium
releases heat energy as its atoms_________(15)fission-split and crash into one
another in a chain reaction.In other words,we may live on top of a gigantic, "natural"
nuclear power plant.
_________(6)
A:followed
B:dominated
C:restored
D:opposed
Earth's Inner Core
Scientists have long struggled to understand what lies at the planet's center.Direct
observation of its center is impossible,so researchers must_________(1)to other evidence.
In 1889,a German scientist detected a severe earthquake in Japan.Geophysicists
concluded that shock waves_________(2) jolts（晃动）from one side of Earth through
the center to the other side.Then in 1936,Danish geophysicist lnge Lehmann studied the
waves' __________ (3) to determine that within Earth's core of molten（熔化了的）iron
lies a solid inner core一but_________(4) that core was made of eluded（难倒）her.
Other geophysicists quickly determined that Lehmann's inner core was composed mostly
_________(5) iron.Since then,Lehmann's discovery has _________(6)
conventional Earth science.
But now scientists are challenging traditional theory with new and radical_________
(7).For example,Earth's center could actually contain an"inner core within the inner
core."claim lshii and colleague Adam Dziewonski.
Analyzing hundreds of thousands of earthquake wave _________(8),they
maintain that the inner core has at its heart a tiny, even more solid sphere（球体）.This
sphere"may be the oldest fossil_________(9)from the formation of Earth,"says Dziewonski.
Dziewonski and Ishii speculate that shortly _________(10)Earth formed around
4.8 billion years ago,a giant asteroid（小行星）smashed into the young planet and nearly
melted it.But Earth's center didn't quite melt;it_________(11)mass as the planet
cooled. The core within a core may be the kernel（核心）that endured. " Its presence
could change our basic ideas about the_________(12)of the planet,"Dziewonski
says.
Dziewonski's idea is tame（温和的）compared to the_________( 13 ) theories of
independent geophysicist J. Marvin Herndon.Earth's inner core is made not of iron,he
claims,but a_________(14)of nickel and silicon.Herndon has a truly revolutionary
notion : Within the nickel silicide（硅化物）inner core is also an "inner" inner core一an
8km-wide ball of the element uranium.Uranium is radioactive.Herndon thinks the uranium
releases heat energy as its atoms_________(15)fission-split and crash into one
another in a chain reaction.In other words,we may live on top of a gigantic, "natural"
nuclear power plant.
_________(6)
A:followed
B:dominated
C:restored
D:opposed