共用题干
第三篇
Recycling Around the World
Recycling is one of the best environmental success stories of the late 20th century.But we could do more.People must not see recycling as fashionable,but essential.
The Japanese are very good at recycling because they live in a crowded country. They do not have much space.They do not want to share their limited space with rubbish.But even so,Tokyo area alone is estimated to have three million tons of leftover rubbish at present.
In 1996, the United States recycled and composted（制成肥料）57 million tons of waste (27%of the nation's solid waste).This is 57 million tons of waste which did not go into landfills and incinerators（焚化炉）.In doing this,7,000 rubbish collection programs and recycling centers helped the authorities.
In Rockford,a city in Illinois,U.S.,its officials choose one house each week and check its garbage（废物）.If the garbage does not contain an newspapers or aluminum（铝）cans,then the resident of the house gets a prize of at least$1,000.
In Japan,certain cities give children weekly supplies of tissue paper and toilet paper in exchange for a weekly collection of newspapers.
In one year Britain recycles:
——1 out of every 3 newspapers.
——1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars（罐子）.
——1 out of every 4 items of clothing.
——1 out of every 3 aluminum drink cans.
In 1999,Hong Kong transported 1.3 million tons of waste to mainland China for recycling. Around 535,000 tons of waste was recycled in Hong Kong itself.
Over half the things we throw away could be recycled.That means we could recycle 10 times as much as we do now.
However,recycling needs a lot of organization and special equipment. Also,there is not much use for some recycled material.
Where can people get a big prize for contributing to recycling?
A:Tokyo.
B:Rockford.
C:Hong Kong.
D:London.
第三篇
Recycling Around the World
Recycling is one of the best environmental success stories of the late 20th century.But we could do more.People must not see recycling as fashionable,but essential.
The Japanese are very good at recycling because they live in a crowded country. They do not have much space.They do not want to share their limited space with rubbish.But even so,Tokyo area alone is estimated to have three million tons of leftover rubbish at present.
In 1996, the United States recycled and composted（制成肥料）57 million tons of waste (27%of the nation's solid waste).This is 57 million tons of waste which did not go into landfills and incinerators（焚化炉）.In doing this,7,000 rubbish collection programs and recycling centers helped the authorities.
In Rockford,a city in Illinois,U.S.,its officials choose one house each week and check its garbage（废物）.If the garbage does not contain an newspapers or aluminum（铝）cans,then the resident of the house gets a prize of at least$1,000.
In Japan,certain cities give children weekly supplies of tissue paper and toilet paper in exchange for a weekly collection of newspapers.
In one year Britain recycles:
——1 out of every 3 newspapers.
——1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars（罐子）.
——1 out of every 4 items of clothing.
——1 out of every 3 aluminum drink cans.
In 1999,Hong Kong transported 1.3 million tons of waste to mainland China for recycling. Around 535,000 tons of waste was recycled in Hong Kong itself.
Over half the things we throw away could be recycled.That means we could recycle 10 times as much as we do now.
However,recycling needs a lot of organization and special equipment. Also,there is not much use for some recycled material.
Where can people get a big prize for contributing to recycling?
A:Tokyo.
B:Rockford.
C:Hong Kong.
D:London.
共用题干
第一篇
Almost Human?
Scientists are racing to build the world's first thinking robot.This is not science fiction:
some say they will have made it by the year 2020.Carol Packer reports.
Machines that walk,speak and feel are no longer science fiction.Kismet is the name
of an android（机器人）which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT).Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it can show
human emotions.Its eyes,ears and lips move to show when it feels happy,sad or bored.
Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids一robots that look like human
beings一which can imitate human feelings.Cog,another android invented by the MIT,
imitates the action of a mother. However,scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental
ability of a two-year-old.
The optimists（乐观主义者）say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids
（机器人）with brains similar to those of an adult human being. These robots will be
designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public.
What kind of jobs will they do?In the future,robots like Robonaut,a humanoid invented by
NASA,Will be doing dangerous jobs,like repairing space stations.They will also be doing
more and more of the household work for us.In Japan,scientists are designing androids
that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano.
Some people worry about what the future holds:will robots become monsters（怪物）?
Will people themselves become increasingly like robots?Experts predict that more and more
people will be wearing micro-computers,connected to the Internet,in the future.People
will have micro-chips in various parts of their body,which will connect them to a wide variety
of gadgets（小装置）.Perhaps we should not exaggerate（夸大）the importance of
technology,but one wonders whether,in years to come,we will still be falling in love,
and whether we will still feel pain.Who knows?
What is the writer's attitude to robots in the future?
A:Critical.
B:Hostile.
C:Objective.
D:Enthusiastic.
第一篇
Almost Human?
Scientists are racing to build the world's first thinking robot.This is not science fiction:
some say they will have made it by the year 2020.Carol Packer reports.
Machines that walk,speak and feel are no longer science fiction.Kismet is the name
of an android（机器人）which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT).Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it can show
human emotions.Its eyes,ears and lips move to show when it feels happy,sad or bored.
Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids一robots that look like human
beings一which can imitate human feelings.Cog,another android invented by the MIT,
imitates the action of a mother. However,scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental
ability of a two-year-old.
The optimists（乐观主义者）say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids
（机器人）with brains similar to those of an adult human being. These robots will be
designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public.
What kind of jobs will they do?In the future,robots like Robonaut,a humanoid invented by
NASA,Will be doing dangerous jobs,like repairing space stations.They will also be doing
more and more of the household work for us.In Japan,scientists are designing androids
that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano.
Some people worry about what the future holds:will robots become monsters（怪物）?
Will people themselves become increasingly like robots?Experts predict that more and more
people will be wearing micro-computers,connected to the Internet,in the future.People
will have micro-chips in various parts of their body,which will connect them to a wide variety
of gadgets（小装置）.Perhaps we should not exaggerate（夸大）the importance of
technology,but one wonders whether,in years to come,we will still be falling in love,
and whether we will still feel pain.Who knows?
What is the writer's attitude to robots in the future?
A:Critical.
B:Hostile.
C:Objective.
D:Enthusiastic.
Don't irritate her,she hates to be disturbed when sleeping.
A: tease
B: attract
C: annoy
D: protect
A: tease
B: attract
C: annoy
D: protect
We should not sacrifice environment to foster economic growth.
A:reduce
B:promote
C:realize
D:give
A:reduce
B:promote
C:realize
D:give
共用题干
The Differences Among Various Types of Adoption
In the US,there is a difference between public and private adoption.Public adoption typically involves taking _________ (51) foster（收养的）children and then adopting them after several months.It's significantly less expensive than private or international adoption,but more often than not_______(52)adopting children who are older than 5 or who have_______(53)needs.
Private adoptions offer a better chance of adopting newborns,and increasingly,birth parents _______(54)the adoptive parents themselves.That's not a bad idea on its face,as it gives biological parents_______ (55)say in whom they will relinquish（放弃）their children. But this effectively puts_______(56)parents in the position of advertising themselves to birth parents in newspapers and online,_______(57)many couples feel uncomfortable with.
Most states allow birth parents to reclaim their children_______(58)the children have been placed with adoptive families,for time periods ranging from a few days in some states to several months in others.Critics of international adoption say this rarely happens.They are only_______ (59)right:it's true that American birth parents don't usually reclaim their children once they've been placed with their adoptive families,but they can and do_______(60)their minds before the papers are signed.
International adoption is more expensive than any form of domestic adoption,but in many ways, it is also more straightforward.The_______(61)of a birth parent calling the adoption_______ (62)are effectively zero and while costs are high,they're also determined at the_______(63) and tend not to change as the_______(64)wears on.
Couples seeking to adopt should consider all_______(65)and get a range of perspectives before deciding which method is best for them.
_________(58)
A:until
B:if
C:with
D:after
The Differences Among Various Types of Adoption
In the US,there is a difference between public and private adoption.Public adoption typically involves taking _________ (51) foster（收养的）children and then adopting them after several months.It's significantly less expensive than private or international adoption,but more often than not_______(52)adopting children who are older than 5 or who have_______(53)needs.
Private adoptions offer a better chance of adopting newborns,and increasingly,birth parents _______(54)the adoptive parents themselves.That's not a bad idea on its face,as it gives biological parents_______ (55)say in whom they will relinquish（放弃）their children. But this effectively puts_______(56)parents in the position of advertising themselves to birth parents in newspapers and online,_______(57)many couples feel uncomfortable with.
Most states allow birth parents to reclaim their children_______(58)the children have been placed with adoptive families,for time periods ranging from a few days in some states to several months in others.Critics of international adoption say this rarely happens.They are only_______ (59)right:it's true that American birth parents don't usually reclaim their children once they've been placed with their adoptive families,but they can and do_______(60)their minds before the papers are signed.
International adoption is more expensive than any form of domestic adoption,but in many ways, it is also more straightforward.The_______(61)of a birth parent calling the adoption_______ (62)are effectively zero and while costs are high,they're also determined at the_______(63) and tend not to change as the_______(64)wears on.
Couples seeking to adopt should consider all_______(65)and get a range of perspectives before deciding which method is best for them.
_________(58)
A:until
B:if
C:with
D:after
Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted,"Joe!Joe!Joe!"
A:jumped
B:repeated
C:maintained
D:approached
A:jumped
B:repeated
C:maintained
D:approached
共用题干
Migrant（移民的）Workers
In the past twenty years,there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move
from one country to another. While some countries have restricted（限制）most
___________(1)to local people,others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.
This is particularly the case in the Middle East,___________(2)increased oil incomes
have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities（设施）.Thus the
Middle East has attracted oil-workers___________(3)the U. S.
A. and Europe.It has
also brought in workers from many other countries,___________(4)South Korea and
Japan.
In view of the difficul州lying and working___________(5)in the Middle East,it is not
surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians
can___________(6)at least twice as much money the Middle East as they can in their
own country, and this is a major ___________(7).
Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating(补偿的) advantage.For example,
the___________(8)living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have
to___________(9)on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way,many migrant
workers can save large sums of money partly because of the___________(10)of
entertainment（娱乐）facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this
merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems
rather than do___________(11)work in their home country.
One major problem which___________(12)migrant workers in the Middle East is that
their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on___________(13),so it is not
easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be___________(14)since
no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.In any
___________ (15),migrant workers accept this disadvantage,along with others,
because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.
_________(15)
A:time
B:attempt
C:way
D:case
Migrant（移民的）Workers
In the past twenty years,there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move
from one country to another. While some countries have restricted（限制）most
___________(1)to local people,others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.
This is particularly the case in the Middle East,___________(2)increased oil incomes
have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities（设施）.Thus the
Middle East has attracted oil-workers___________(3)the U. S.
A. and Europe.It has
also brought in workers from many other countries,___________(4)South Korea and
Japan.
In view of the difficul州lying and working___________(5)in the Middle East,it is not
surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians
can___________(6)at least twice as much money the Middle East as they can in their
own country, and this is a major ___________(7).
Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating(补偿的) advantage.For example,
the___________(8)living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have
to___________(9)on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way,many migrant
workers can save large sums of money partly because of the___________(10)of
entertainment（娱乐）facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this
merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems
rather than do___________(11)work in their home country.
One major problem which___________(12)migrant workers in the Middle East is that
their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on___________(13),so it is not
easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be___________(14)since
no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.In any
___________ (15),migrant workers accept this disadvantage,along with others,
because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.
_________(15)
A:time
B:attempt
C:way
D:case
共用题干
1.If you want to stay young,sit down and have a good think.This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors,who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise一and as a result,we are ageing unnecessarily soon.
2.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age,and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.
3.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University,he set about measuring brain yolumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.
4.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect（智能）and emotion, and determine the human character. The rear section of the brain,which controls functions like eating and breathing,does not contract with age,and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.
5.Contraction of front and side parts一as cells die off —was observed in some subjects in their thirties,but it was still not evident in some sixty-and seventy-year-olds.
6.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age一using the head.
7.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.Those least at risk,says Matsuzawa,are lawyers,followed by university professors and doctors.White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are,however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker,bus driver and shop assistant.
8.Matsuzawa's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need."The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,"he says,"Think hard and engage in conversation.Don't rely on pocket calculators."
The front and side sections of the brain relates to_________.
A:blood circulation
B:slowed down
C:occupation
D:intellect and emotion
E:eating and breathing
F: fresh oxygen
1.If you want to stay young,sit down and have a good think.This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors,who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise一and as a result,we are ageing unnecessarily soon.
2.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age,and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.
3.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University,he set about measuring brain yolumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.
4.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect（智能）and emotion, and determine the human character. The rear section of the brain,which controls functions like eating and breathing,does not contract with age,and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.
5.Contraction of front and side parts一as cells die off —was observed in some subjects in their thirties,but it was still not evident in some sixty-and seventy-year-olds.
6.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age一using the head.
7.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.Those least at risk,says Matsuzawa,are lawyers,followed by university professors and doctors.White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are,however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker,bus driver and shop assistant.
8.Matsuzawa's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need."The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,"he says,"Think hard and engage in conversation.Don't rely on pocket calculators."
The front and side sections of the brain relates to_________.
A:blood circulation
B:slowed down
C:occupation
D:intellect and emotion
E:eating and breathing
F: fresh oxygen
In short ,he is one of the most promising students I've ever known.
A:Inaword
B:That is to say
C:To he frank
D:In other words
A:Inaword
B:That is to say
C:To he frank
D:In other words
共用题干
Hospital Mistreatment
According to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including hu-miliation by senior doctors,______(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.
The findings come from analysis of the______(52)a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,733 second-year residents.The survey and______(53)appear in the April 15th is-sue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Overall,out of the 1,277 residents______(54)completed surveys,1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year.______(55)reporting incidents where they were abused,more than 45%of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians,or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent______(57).
More than 10%of the residents said they were______(58)to have enough sleep,and the average number of hours______(59)sleep was 37 .6 .The average on-call time during a______(60)week was 56 .9 hours,but about 25%of the residents said their on-call assign-ments were more than 80 hours some weeks.
______(61)30%of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times,53% of the respondents reported that they ______(62)belittled or humiliated by more senior residents,while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work .Being"______(63)tasks for punishment," "being pushed,kicked or hit,"and______(64)someone"threatening your reputation or career," were reported as a more______(65)occurrence by over 10%of the responding residents.
63._________
A:. give
B: giving
C: gave
D: given
Hospital Mistreatment
According to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including hu-miliation by senior doctors,______(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.
The findings come from analysis of the______(52)a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,733 second-year residents.The survey and______(53)appear in the April 15th is-sue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Overall,out of the 1,277 residents______(54)completed surveys,1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year.______(55)reporting incidents where they were abused,more than 45%of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians,or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent______(57).
More than 10%of the residents said they were______(58)to have enough sleep,and the average number of hours______(59)sleep was 37 .6 .The average on-call time during a______(60)week was 56 .9 hours,but about 25%of the residents said their on-call assign-ments were more than 80 hours some weeks.
______(61)30%of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times,53% of the respondents reported that they ______(62)belittled or humiliated by more senior residents,while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work .Being"______(63)tasks for punishment," "being pushed,kicked or hit,"and______(64)someone"threatening your reputation or career," were reported as a more______(65)occurrence by over 10%of the responding residents.
63._________
A:. give
B: giving
C: gave
D: given
共用题干
Water一the Issue of This Century
The world is running short of freshwater. Populations are growing bigger and thirstier （渴的）,with the result that freshwater is becoming increasingly scarce（缺乏）.Half the world's wetlands have disappeared during the last century,while estimates suggest that wa- ter use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years.
The World Bank report estimates that as much as half of the world's population,concentrated in Africa,the Middle East and south Asia,will face“severe water shortages”by 2025.Local water conflicts and the loss of freshwater ecosystems appear large in some re- gions.
A similar picture emerges from the globe's salt water regions. Three-quarters of the world's people may live within 100km of the sea in 2025,putting even more pressure on stretched coastal ecosystems. Two thirds of fisheries（渔业）are exploited at or beyond their sustainable limits, and half the world's coral reefs（珊瑚礁）may perish in 100 years. Almost 60% of coral reefs and 34% of fish species are at risk from human activities,the Bank says.
The report concludes that there is ample evidence to justify immediate and coordinated action to safeguard supplies and use water more efficiently.
Fresh water consumption is rising quickly,and the availability of water in some regions is likely to become one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century.
A third of the world's popu1ation一around two billion people一live in countries that are experiencing moderate to high water shortages.That proportion could rise to half or more in the next 30 years unless institutions（制度）change to ensure better conservation and alloca- tion of water.
China is one country where the portents（征兆）are gloomy. The most waterstressed country in East Asia,China is exploiting 44%of its usable water,a figure projected to rise to6O%by 2020.Primary withdrawal of water of more than 60%is widely considered by water experts to exceed the environmental carrying capacity of a river basin system. Although
China's total use appears still to be reasonable,it has several basins that are severely stressed environmentally.
Withdrawals exceed environmental limits in Afghanistan and Pakistan,and will exceed them in India by 2020.In the Middle East and North Africa,only Morocco has unexploited water resources.The rest have exceeded environmental limits and many are mining aquifers （蓄水层）一bodies of water-bearing rock一the report says.
Most developed countries will face water shortages in 20 years.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
Water一the Issue of This Century
The world is running short of freshwater. Populations are growing bigger and thirstier （渴的）,with the result that freshwater is becoming increasingly scarce（缺乏）.Half the world's wetlands have disappeared during the last century,while estimates suggest that wa- ter use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years.
The World Bank report estimates that as much as half of the world's population,concentrated in Africa,the Middle East and south Asia,will face“severe water shortages”by 2025.Local water conflicts and the loss of freshwater ecosystems appear large in some re- gions.
A similar picture emerges from the globe's salt water regions. Three-quarters of the world's people may live within 100km of the sea in 2025,putting even more pressure on stretched coastal ecosystems. Two thirds of fisheries（渔业）are exploited at or beyond their sustainable limits, and half the world's coral reefs（珊瑚礁）may perish in 100 years. Almost 60% of coral reefs and 34% of fish species are at risk from human activities,the Bank says.
The report concludes that there is ample evidence to justify immediate and coordinated action to safeguard supplies and use water more efficiently.
Fresh water consumption is rising quickly,and the availability of water in some regions is likely to become one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century.
A third of the world's popu1ation一around two billion people一live in countries that are experiencing moderate to high water shortages.That proportion could rise to half or more in the next 30 years unless institutions（制度）change to ensure better conservation and alloca- tion of water.
China is one country where the portents（征兆）are gloomy. The most waterstressed country in East Asia,China is exploiting 44%of its usable water,a figure projected to rise to6O%by 2020.Primary withdrawal of water of more than 60%is widely considered by water experts to exceed the environmental carrying capacity of a river basin system. Although
China's total use appears still to be reasonable,it has several basins that are severely stressed environmentally.
Withdrawals exceed environmental limits in Afghanistan and Pakistan,and will exceed them in India by 2020.In the Middle East and North Africa,only Morocco has unexploited water resources.The rest have exceeded environmental limits and many are mining aquifers （蓄水层）一bodies of water-bearing rock一the report says.
Most developed countries will face water shortages in 20 years.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
Ants as a Barometer of Ecological Change
At picnics,ants are pests.But they have their uses.In industries such as mining,farming and forestry,they can help gauge the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy.
It has been recognized for decades that ant—which are highly sensitive to ecological change—can provide a near-perfect barometer of the state of an ecosystem.Only certain species, for instance,will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees._______(46) And still others will move in and take up residence.
By looking at which species populate a deforested area,scientists can determine how “stressed”the land is._______(47)Ants are used simply because they are so common and comprise so many species.
Where mine sites are being restored,for example,some ant species will recolonize the stripped land more quickly than others._______(48)Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recov-ery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland.
Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil,where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations.“We found it worked extremely well there,”says Jonathan Majer,a professor of environmental biology.Yet the surveys are perfectly suited to climates throughout Asia,he says,because ants are so common throughout the region. As Majer puts it:“That's the great thing about ants.”
Ant surveys are so highly-regarded as ecological indicators that governments worldwide accept their results when assessing the environmental impact of mining and tree harvesting._______ (49)
Why not?Because many companies can't afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift results for a comprehensive survey.The cost stems,also,from the scarcity of ant specialists. ______(50)
_______(50)
A: This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.
B: Yet in other businesses,such as farming and property development,ant surveys aren't used widely.
C: Employing those people are expensive.
D: They do this by sorting the ants,counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.
E: The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem.
F: Others will die out for lack of food.
Ants as a Barometer of Ecological Change
At picnics,ants are pests.But they have their uses.In industries such as mining,farming and forestry,they can help gauge the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy.
It has been recognized for decades that ant—which are highly sensitive to ecological change—can provide a near-perfect barometer of the state of an ecosystem.Only certain species, for instance,will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees._______(46) And still others will move in and take up residence.
By looking at which species populate a deforested area,scientists can determine how “stressed”the land is._______(47)Ants are used simply because they are so common and comprise so many species.
Where mine sites are being restored,for example,some ant species will recolonize the stripped land more quickly than others._______(48)Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recov-ery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland.
Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil,where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations.“We found it worked extremely well there,”says Jonathan Majer,a professor of environmental biology.Yet the surveys are perfectly suited to climates throughout Asia,he says,because ants are so common throughout the region. As Majer puts it:“That's the great thing about ants.”
Ant surveys are so highly-regarded as ecological indicators that governments worldwide accept their results when assessing the environmental impact of mining and tree harvesting._______ (49)
Why not?Because many companies can't afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift results for a comprehensive survey.The cost stems,also,from the scarcity of ant specialists. ______(50)
_______(50)
A: This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.
B: Yet in other businesses,such as farming and property development,ant surveys aren't used widely.
C: Employing those people are expensive.
D: They do this by sorting the ants,counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.
E: The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem.
F: Others will die out for lack of food.
For urban areas this approach was wholly inadequate.
A:really
B:basically
C:fundamentally
D:completely
A:really
B:basically
C:fundamentally
D:completely
共用题干
第一篇
Can Gene Technology Make Human Smarter?
Almost everyone wants to get smarter. To achieve that,some choose to do exercise,others choose to take in more nutritions good for brains.Princeton neurobiologist Joseph Z.Tsien possibly found a different way to make it. In September he announced that he'd built a better mouse by altering a gene that affects learning and memory.A similar process of gene manipulation might conceivably be used one day to boost intelligence in humans.
The key of this technology lies in a feature of brain cells called the NMDA receptor,which Tsien likens to a cylindrical tube or window that mediates the flow of information.When the window is open,chemicals called neurotransmitters flow through easily and memory is registered and stored. But as organisms mature,the window begins to close.(This may explain why children lose their facility for learning new languages when they reach sexual maturity and why some people suffer memory loss as they age.)
Tsien also found out that the receptor worked more efficiently if it is teamed with the gene NR2B,so he introduced extra NR2B genes into a batch of fertilized mouse eggs.In a normal mouse,the memory window is open for just 150-thousandths of a second.In Tsien's specially engineered mice,the window opens for 250-thousandths of a second,long enough to make a remarkable difference in memory retention.When he pitted his mice against common mice,they won paws down.Ordinary mice could recognize a Lego block for 12 hours,but smart mice could remember the block for up to three days."That's a profound enhancement,"Tsien says.
Can this technology be applied to humans?Maybe,but genetic engineering will have to make some extraordinary advances first. And some thorny ethical issues will have to be resolved. Mean-while,Tsien promises to keep his furry little geniuses locked up in a lab,far from your larder. "Otherwise,"he says,"you might need a smart cat or a smart mousetrap to catch them."
Why do some old people are likely to lose their memory?
A:As one's organism mature,the window for memory is likely to close.
B:There is not enough nutrition in their brains.
C:They have remembered too much inftrmation.
D:The cells in their brains are getting too old to store much information.
第一篇
Can Gene Technology Make Human Smarter?
Almost everyone wants to get smarter. To achieve that,some choose to do exercise,others choose to take in more nutritions good for brains.Princeton neurobiologist Joseph Z.Tsien possibly found a different way to make it. In September he announced that he'd built a better mouse by altering a gene that affects learning and memory.A similar process of gene manipulation might conceivably be used one day to boost intelligence in humans.
The key of this technology lies in a feature of brain cells called the NMDA receptor,which Tsien likens to a cylindrical tube or window that mediates the flow of information.When the window is open,chemicals called neurotransmitters flow through easily and memory is registered and stored. But as organisms mature,the window begins to close.(This may explain why children lose their facility for learning new languages when they reach sexual maturity and why some people suffer memory loss as they age.)
Tsien also found out that the receptor worked more efficiently if it is teamed with the gene NR2B,so he introduced extra NR2B genes into a batch of fertilized mouse eggs.In a normal mouse,the memory window is open for just 150-thousandths of a second.In Tsien's specially engineered mice,the window opens for 250-thousandths of a second,long enough to make a remarkable difference in memory retention.When he pitted his mice against common mice,they won paws down.Ordinary mice could recognize a Lego block for 12 hours,but smart mice could remember the block for up to three days."That's a profound enhancement,"Tsien says.
Can this technology be applied to humans?Maybe,but genetic engineering will have to make some extraordinary advances first. And some thorny ethical issues will have to be resolved. Mean-while,Tsien promises to keep his furry little geniuses locked up in a lab,far from your larder. "Otherwise,"he says,"you might need a smart cat or a smart mousetrap to catch them."
Why do some old people are likely to lose their memory?
A:As one's organism mature,the window for memory is likely to close.
B:There is not enough nutrition in their brains.
C:They have remembered too much inftrmation.
D:The cells in their brains are getting too old to store much information.
共用题干
Every Dog Has His Say
Kimiko Fukuda always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup,it would pull at her sleeve.______(1)When the dog barks,she glances at a small electronic gadget（装置）. The following “human” translation appears on its screen: “Please take me with you”“I realized that's how he was feeling.”says Fukuda.
The gadget is called Bowlingual,and it translates dog barks into feelings. People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world's first dog-human translation machine in 2002.But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it.______(2)
“Nobody else had thought about it,”said Masahiko Kajita,who works for Takara.“ We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders;what would it be like if we could understand dogs?”
Bowlingual has two parts.______(3)The translation is done in the gadget using a da-tabase containing every kind of bark.
Based on animal behavior research,these noises are divided into six categories:happi-ness,sadness,frustration,anger,declaration and desire.______(4)In this way,the data-base scientifically matches a bark to an emotion,which is then translated into one of 200 phrases.
When a visitor went to Fukuda's house recently,the dog barked a loud“bow wow”. ______(5)It was followed by“I'm stronger than you”as the dog growled and sniffed（嗅） at the visitor.
The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120.It can store up to 100 barks,even recording the dog's emotions when the owner is away.
______(4)
A:.A wireless microphone is attached to the dog's collar,which sends information to the gadget held by the owner.
B: Nobody really knows how a dog feels.
C: This translated as“Don't come this way”.
D: More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer.
E: Now,the Japanese girl thinks she knows.
F: Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like“Let's play”,“Look at me”, or“Spend more time with me”.
Every Dog Has His Say
Kimiko Fukuda always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup,it would pull at her sleeve.______(1)When the dog barks,she glances at a small electronic gadget（装置）. The following “human” translation appears on its screen: “Please take me with you”“I realized that's how he was feeling.”says Fukuda.
The gadget is called Bowlingual,and it translates dog barks into feelings. People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world's first dog-human translation machine in 2002.But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it.______(2)
“Nobody else had thought about it,”said Masahiko Kajita,who works for Takara.“ We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders;what would it be like if we could understand dogs?”
Bowlingual has two parts.______(3)The translation is done in the gadget using a da-tabase containing every kind of bark.
Based on animal behavior research,these noises are divided into six categories:happi-ness,sadness,frustration,anger,declaration and desire.______(4)In this way,the data-base scientifically matches a bark to an emotion,which is then translated into one of 200 phrases.
When a visitor went to Fukuda's house recently,the dog barked a loud“bow wow”. ______(5)It was followed by“I'm stronger than you”as the dog growled and sniffed（嗅） at the visitor.
The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120.It can store up to 100 barks,even recording the dog's emotions when the owner is away.
______(4)
A:.A wireless microphone is attached to the dog's collar,which sends information to the gadget held by the owner.
B: Nobody really knows how a dog feels.
C: This translated as“Don't come this way”.
D: More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer.
E: Now,the Japanese girl thinks she knows.
F: Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like“Let's play”,“Look at me”, or“Spend more time with me”.