共用题干
Squishy Cellphones Add a Buzz to Calls
Vibrating rubber could be the next big thing in mobile communications.They allow people to communicate by squishing the phone to transmit_______(51)along with their spoken words. According to a research team at the MIT Medical Lab in Cambridge,Massachusetts,the idea will make_______(52)more fun.
Many mobile phones can already be made to vibrate（振动）_______(53 ) ring when you do not want people to know you are getting a call. But these vibrations,_______(54)by a motor spinning an eccentric（离心的、偏离的）weight inside the device, are too crude for subtle com-munication,says Angela Chang of the lab's Tangible Media Group.“They're_______(55)on or off,”she says.
But when you grip Chang's prototype（样机）latex（橡胶）celiphone,your fingers and thumb wrap around five_______(56)speakers. They vibrate_______(57)your skin around 250 times per second.Beneath these speakers sit pressure sensors,so you can transmit vibration as well as_______(58)it. When you squeeze with a finger,a vibration signal is transmitted _______(59)your caller's corresponding finger. Its_______(60)depends on how hard you squeeze.
She says that within a few minutes of being given_______(61)the phones,students were using the vibration feature to add emphasis to what they were saying or to interrupt the other speaker. Over time, people even began to transmit their_______ (62) kind of ad hoc（特别的）“Morse code”,which they would repeat back to show they were following what the other person was saying.“It was pretty easy to communicate,though we didn't specifically pre-arrange _______(63),”says David Milovich,one of the students who tried out the device.
Chang thinks“vibralanguages”could_______(64)for the same reason as texting:some-times people want to communicate something_______(65)everyone nearby knowing what they are saying.“And imagine actually being able to shake someone's hand when you close a business seal,”she says.
64._________
A:. make out
B: go without
C: give in
D:.take off
Squishy Cellphones Add a Buzz to Calls
Vibrating rubber could be the next big thing in mobile communications.They allow people to communicate by squishing the phone to transmit_______(51)along with their spoken words. According to a research team at the MIT Medical Lab in Cambridge,Massachusetts,the idea will make_______(52)more fun.
Many mobile phones can already be made to vibrate（振动）_______(53 ) ring when you do not want people to know you are getting a call. But these vibrations,_______(54)by a motor spinning an eccentric（离心的、偏离的）weight inside the device, are too crude for subtle com-munication,says Angela Chang of the lab's Tangible Media Group.“They're_______(55)on or off,”she says.
But when you grip Chang's prototype（样机）latex（橡胶）celiphone,your fingers and thumb wrap around five_______(56)speakers. They vibrate_______(57)your skin around 250 times per second.Beneath these speakers sit pressure sensors,so you can transmit vibration as well as_______(58)it. When you squeeze with a finger,a vibration signal is transmitted _______(59)your caller's corresponding finger. Its_______(60)depends on how hard you squeeze.
She says that within a few minutes of being given_______(61)the phones,students were using the vibration feature to add emphasis to what they were saying or to interrupt the other speaker. Over time, people even began to transmit their_______ (62) kind of ad hoc（特别的）“Morse code”,which they would repeat back to show they were following what the other person was saying.“It was pretty easy to communicate,though we didn't specifically pre-arrange _______(63),”says David Milovich,one of the students who tried out the device.
Chang thinks“vibralanguages”could_______(64)for the same reason as texting:some-times people want to communicate something_______(65)everyone nearby knowing what they are saying.“And imagine actually being able to shake someone's hand when you close a business seal,”she says.
64._________
A:. make out
B: go without
C: give in
D:.take off
If I made a mistake,I will try to remedy it.
A:clarify
B:diagnose
C:evaporate
D:correct
A:clarify
B:diagnose
C:evaporate
D:correct
A complete change in policy is needed if relations are ever to improve.
A:strict
B:wide
C:ever
D:radical
A:strict
B:wide
C:ever
D:radical
共用题干
The Greatest Mystery of Whales
The whale is a warm一blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them一and,
like all mammals,originated on land. There are many________________(51)of this. Its front flippers（鳍状肢）,
used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.
Immense strength is________________(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a
whale's body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated________________(53)
400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed（拖）a whaling vessel for seven hours at the
_______________ (54)of eight knot（节）.
An angry whale will________________(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,
________________(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently,steel ships
have ___________( 57 ) their plates buckled（使弯曲）in the same way. Sperm whales（抹香鲸）were known
to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest________________(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom foi
his________________(59)food,the octopus（章鱼）.In that search he is known to go as far down as 3 , 200 feet,
where the________________(60)is 1,400 pounds,to a square inch.Doing so he will________________(61)underwa-
ter as long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough________________(62)(all
whales are air-breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have nol
_______________ (63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special________________(64)of blood
vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort
of a compensating mechanism that________________(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you
can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work.
_________(60)
A:depth
B:pressure
C:level
D:size
The Greatest Mystery of Whales
The whale is a warm一blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them一and,
like all mammals,originated on land. There are many________________(51)of this. Its front flippers（鳍状肢）,
used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.
Immense strength is________________(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a
whale's body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated________________(53)
400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed（拖）a whaling vessel for seven hours at the
_______________ (54)of eight knot（节）.
An angry whale will________________(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,
________________(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently,steel ships
have ___________( 57 ) their plates buckled（使弯曲）in the same way. Sperm whales（抹香鲸）were known
to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest________________(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom foi
his________________(59)food,the octopus（章鱼）.In that search he is known to go as far down as 3 , 200 feet,
where the________________(60)is 1,400 pounds,to a square inch.Doing so he will________________(61)underwa-
ter as long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough________________(62)(all
whales are air-breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have nol
_______________ (63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special________________(64)of blood
vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort
of a compensating mechanism that________________(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you
can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work.
_________(60)
A:depth
B:pressure
C:level
D:size
共用题干
Robots May Allow Surgery in Space
Small robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may allow doctors on
Earth to help perlorm surgery on patients in space.
The tiny,wheeled robots,_________(1)are about 3 inches tall and as wide as a
lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions（切口）and computer-controlled by
surgeons in different locations.Some robots are equipped_________(2)cameras and
lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached that
can be_________(3)remotely.
"We think this is going to_________(4)open surgery,"Dr. Dmitry Oleynikov said
at a news conference.Oleynikov is a_________(5)in computer-assisted surgery at
the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.
Officials hope that NASAwill teach_________(6)to use the robots soon enough so
that surgeries could one day be performed in space.
On earth,the surgeons could control the robots themselves_________(7)other
locations.For example,the robots could enable surgeons in other places to_________
(8)on injured soldiers on the front line.Researchers plan to seek federal regulatory
_________(9)early next year.Tests on animals have been successful,and tests on
humans in England will begin very soon.
The camera-carrying robots can provide_________(10)of affected areas and the
ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver（操控）inside the body in ways surgeons'
hands can't.The views from the camera-carrying robots are_________(11)than the
naked eye,because they_________(12)back color images that are magnified（放大）.
Because several robots can be inserted through one incision,they could reduce the amount
and_________(13)of cuts needed for surgery,which would decrease recovery time.
This is particularly_________( 14) to those patients who have been debilitated（使虚弱）
by long illness.
Eventually,Oleynikov said,the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without ever
_________(15)their hands in patients' bodies."That's the goal,"Oleynikov said."It's
getting easier and easier.We can do even more with these devices."
_________(5)
A:reporter
B:specialist
C:designer
D:director
Robots May Allow Surgery in Space
Small robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may allow doctors on
Earth to help perlorm surgery on patients in space.
The tiny,wheeled robots,_________(1)are about 3 inches tall and as wide as a
lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions（切口）and computer-controlled by
surgeons in different locations.Some robots are equipped_________(2)cameras and
lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached that
can be_________(3)remotely.
"We think this is going to_________(4)open surgery,"Dr. Dmitry Oleynikov said
at a news conference.Oleynikov is a_________(5)in computer-assisted surgery at
the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.
Officials hope that NASAwill teach_________(6)to use the robots soon enough so
that surgeries could one day be performed in space.
On earth,the surgeons could control the robots themselves_________(7)other
locations.For example,the robots could enable surgeons in other places to_________
(8)on injured soldiers on the front line.Researchers plan to seek federal regulatory
_________(9)early next year.Tests on animals have been successful,and tests on
humans in England will begin very soon.
The camera-carrying robots can provide_________(10)of affected areas and the
ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver（操控）inside the body in ways surgeons'
hands can't.The views from the camera-carrying robots are_________(11)than the
naked eye,because they_________(12)back color images that are magnified（放大）.
Because several robots can be inserted through one incision,they could reduce the amount
and_________(13)of cuts needed for surgery,which would decrease recovery time.
This is particularly_________( 14) to those patients who have been debilitated（使虚弱）
by long illness.
Eventually,Oleynikov said,the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without ever
_________(15)their hands in patients' bodies."That's the goal,"Oleynikov said."It's
getting easier and easier.We can do even more with these devices."
_________(5)
A:reporter
B:specialist
C:designer
D:director
共用题干
Chinese Dialects（方言）
The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B.C.,and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished （贫穷）.Of the 600 million people,all but a very small number speak Chinese. But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking,for example,is as different from the speech of Canton as English is from German.
There is,to be sure,only one written language for all China,but it bears no phonetic（语音的）relationship to any of the spoken dialects.Moreover,it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has ever mastered it.
As a result,most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces.Many dynasties tried with little success to break down the wall. After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a technological world and for developing an effective propaganda（宣传）machine,the present government is putting everything it has into tackling the language problem. But the obstacles are so formidable（难以应付的）that the results cannot yet be predicted.
At the heart of the problem is the dialects.The dialects prevented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics.Instead,the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound,and they have clung to it for more than 3,000 years.When this system is applied to a whole language,it results in an overwhelming number of symbols.
There are about 50,000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds（复合词）. In order to be literate,a Chinese must learn 6,000;to be moderately educated,12,000.An English-speaking child,having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet,has usually learned to read by the time he begins the third grade.A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning;in the seventh grade,he can barely read a Chinese newspaper.
Paragraph 5______
A:Dealing with the Problem of Various Dialects
B:Difficulties in Learning Chinese
C:Features of Chinese Dialects
D:Differences in Chinese Dialects
E:Dialects as Heart of the Problem
F: Ways of the Government to Tackle the Problem
Chinese Dialects（方言）
The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B.C.,and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished （贫穷）.Of the 600 million people,all but a very small number speak Chinese. But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking,for example,is as different from the speech of Canton as English is from German.
There is,to be sure,only one written language for all China,but it bears no phonetic（语音的）relationship to any of the spoken dialects.Moreover,it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has ever mastered it.
As a result,most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces.Many dynasties tried with little success to break down the wall. After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a technological world and for developing an effective propaganda（宣传）machine,the present government is putting everything it has into tackling the language problem. But the obstacles are so formidable（难以应付的）that the results cannot yet be predicted.
At the heart of the problem is the dialects.The dialects prevented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics.Instead,the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound,and they have clung to it for more than 3,000 years.When this system is applied to a whole language,it results in an overwhelming number of symbols.
There are about 50,000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds（复合词）. In order to be literate,a Chinese must learn 6,000;to be moderately educated,12,000.An English-speaking child,having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet,has usually learned to read by the time he begins the third grade.A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning;in the seventh grade,he can barely read a Chinese newspaper.
Paragraph 5______
A:Dealing with the Problem of Various Dialects
B:Difficulties in Learning Chinese
C:Features of Chinese Dialects
D:Differences in Chinese Dialects
E:Dialects as Heart of the Problem
F: Ways of the Government to Tackle the Problem
共用题干
Influenza（流感）
Influenza has been with us a long time. According to some Greek writers___1___ medical history, the outbreak of 412 B. C. was of influenza. The same has been suggested of the sickness___ 2___swept through the Greek army attacking Syracuse in 395B. C. Influenza is a disease that moves most quick-ly among people living in___ 3___ conditions,hence,it is likely to attack armies.
___4___ the nineteenth century there were five widespread outbreaks of influenza. The last of the five ___5 ___in 1889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time.___ 6 ___the recent outbreak,it started in Asia.
For more than forty years before that outbreak,influenza had steadily ___7___ and was be-lieved to be dying out. A new group of outbreaks was___ 8 ___by the great outbreak of 1889一 1890 and for the next quarter of a century influenza remained a constant threat.
In April 1918 influenza broke out among American troops stationed in France. It quickly spread through all the___ 9___ but caused relatively few deaths. Four months later,however,a second outbreak started which ___10___ to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also healthy young adults. It ___11___ through every country in the world,only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the Pacific remaining___12___.It brought the life of whole countries to stop,food___13___stopped and work loss was very great.Before the great outbreak ended,it had killed at ___14 ___ 15 million people. Thereafter,there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world. It is thus___15___that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.
7._________
A: increased
B: decreased
C: interrupted
D: kept
Influenza（流感）
Influenza has been with us a long time. According to some Greek writers___1___ medical history, the outbreak of 412 B. C. was of influenza. The same has been suggested of the sickness___ 2___swept through the Greek army attacking Syracuse in 395B. C. Influenza is a disease that moves most quick-ly among people living in___ 3___ conditions,hence,it is likely to attack armies.
___4___ the nineteenth century there were five widespread outbreaks of influenza. The last of the five ___5 ___in 1889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time.___ 6 ___the recent outbreak,it started in Asia.
For more than forty years before that outbreak,influenza had steadily ___7___ and was be-lieved to be dying out. A new group of outbreaks was___ 8 ___by the great outbreak of 1889一 1890 and for the next quarter of a century influenza remained a constant threat.
In April 1918 influenza broke out among American troops stationed in France. It quickly spread through all the___ 9___ but caused relatively few deaths. Four months later,however,a second outbreak started which ___10___ to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also healthy young adults. It ___11___ through every country in the world,only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the Pacific remaining___12___.It brought the life of whole countries to stop,food___13___stopped and work loss was very great.Before the great outbreak ended,it had killed at ___14 ___ 15 million people. Thereafter,there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world. It is thus___15___that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.
7._________
A: increased
B: decreased
C: interrupted
D: kept
共用题干
“Lucky” Lord Lucan一Alive or Dead
On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan,a British aristocrat,vanished. The day before,his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too. To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found.
Now,over 30 years later,the police have reopened the case,hoping that new DNA tech-niques will help solve this murder mystery. People suspected that“Lucky”,as he was called by friends,wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises,came downstairs and was also attacked,but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder,a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny.
What happened next is unclear,but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories:he may have killed himself,he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder,“Lucky”borrowed a car and drove it,Lucan's friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.
Another version of events says that“Lucky”left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country. However,after a time,his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed.
A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan MacLaugh-lin,a former detective. He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa,India,where he assumed the identity of a Mr. Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996.In the end the claim turned out be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was really Hap-lin,an exschool teacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about Lucky?DNA testing has solved many murder cases,but who knows if it can close the book on this one.
Ex-detective MacLaughlin claimed that Mr. Barry Haplin______.
A: was an old schoolteacher
B: died in Goa,India
C: was really Lord Lucan in disguise
D: was a merchant
“Lucky” Lord Lucan一Alive or Dead
On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan,a British aristocrat,vanished. The day before,his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too. To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found.
Now,over 30 years later,the police have reopened the case,hoping that new DNA tech-niques will help solve this murder mystery. People suspected that“Lucky”,as he was called by friends,wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises,came downstairs and was also attacked,but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder,a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny.
What happened next is unclear,but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories:he may have killed himself,he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder,“Lucky”borrowed a car and drove it,Lucan's friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.
Another version of events says that“Lucky”left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country. However,after a time,his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed.
A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan MacLaugh-lin,a former detective. He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa,India,where he assumed the identity of a Mr. Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996.In the end the claim turned out be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was really Hap-lin,an exschool teacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about Lucky?DNA testing has solved many murder cases,but who knows if it can close the book on this one.
Ex-detective MacLaughlin claimed that Mr. Barry Haplin______.
A: was an old schoolteacher
B: died in Goa,India
C: was really Lord Lucan in disguise
D: was a merchant
共用题干
Animal's “Sixth Sense”
A tsunami（海啸）was triggered（引发）by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004.It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals,1， seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a“sixth sense” for2 ,experts said.
Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast clearly 3 wild beasts,with no dead animals found.
“No elephants are dead,not4a dead rabbit. I think animals can5 disaster.
They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,”H.D. Ratnayake,deputy director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department,said about one month after the tsunami attack. The6washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged（被 毁坏的）southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife7and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards（豹）.
“There has been a lot of8 evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions（火山爆发）or earthquakes. But it has not been proven ,” said Matthew van Lierop,an animal behavior 9 at Johannesburg Zoo.
“There have been no10studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting , ” he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred（同意）with this11.
“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain12 ,especially birds…there are many re- ports of birds detecting impending（迫近的）disasters , ” said Clive Walker , who has written several books on African wildlife.
Animals13 rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators（食肉动物）.
The notion of an animal “sixth sense”一or14other mythical power一is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lanka's ravaged coast is likely to add15.
7._________
A: birthplaces
B: playground
C: reserve
D: storage
Animal's “Sixth Sense”
A tsunami（海啸）was triggered（引发）by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004.It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals,1， seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a“sixth sense” for2 ,experts said.
Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast clearly 3 wild beasts,with no dead animals found.
“No elephants are dead,not4a dead rabbit. I think animals can5 disaster.
They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,”H.D. Ratnayake,deputy director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department,said about one month after the tsunami attack. The6washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged（被 毁坏的）southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife7and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards（豹）.
“There has been a lot of8 evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions（火山爆发）or earthquakes. But it has not been proven ,” said Matthew van Lierop,an animal behavior 9 at Johannesburg Zoo.
“There have been no10studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting , ” he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred（同意）with this11.
“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain12 ,especially birds…there are many re- ports of birds detecting impending（迫近的）disasters , ” said Clive Walker , who has written several books on African wildlife.
Animals13 rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators（食肉动物）.
The notion of an animal “sixth sense”一or14other mythical power一is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lanka's ravaged coast is likely to add15.
7._________
A: birthplaces
B: playground
C: reserve
D: storage
共用题干
Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow,often mixed with air and water,down a mountainside.
Avalanches are _________(51)the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material,typically snowpack,that is too massive and un-
stable for the slope. __________(52)supports it.Determining the critical load,the amount of over-burden
which is
______ (53)to cause an avalanche,_________(54)a complex task involving the evaluation
of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low________(55)
of avalanche.Snow does not ________ (56)significantly on steep slopes;also,snow does not
__________(57)easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the
snow'S angle of rest is_________(58)35 and 45 degrees;the critical angle,the angle at which the human
incidence of avalanches is greatest,is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is:A slope that is_________(59)
enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of the an-
gle.Additionally,avalanche risk increases with__________(60);that is,the more a slope is disturbed by
skiers,the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject,winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good
avalanche safety is a continuous__________(61),including route selection and examination of the
snowpack,weather___________(62),and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also
__________ (63)the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports,they should be considered and all
warnings should be paid__________(64)to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evalua-
tions;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note
obvious avalanche paths where plants are_________(65)or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who
might trigger an avalanche.
_________(61)
A:journey
B:trip
C:fact
D:process
Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow,often mixed with air and water,down a mountainside.
Avalanches are _________(51)the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material,typically snowpack,that is too massive and un-
stable for the slope. __________(52)supports it.Determining the critical load,the amount of over-burden
which is
______ (53)to cause an avalanche,_________(54)a complex task involving the evaluation
of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low________(55)
of avalanche.Snow does not ________ (56)significantly on steep slopes;also,snow does not
__________(57)easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the
snow'S angle of rest is_________(58)35 and 45 degrees;the critical angle,the angle at which the human
incidence of avalanches is greatest,is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is:A slope that is_________(59)
enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of the an-
gle.Additionally,avalanche risk increases with__________(60);that is,the more a slope is disturbed by
skiers,the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject,winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good
avalanche safety is a continuous__________(61),including route selection and examination of the
snowpack,weather___________(62),and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also
__________ (63)the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports,they should be considered and all
warnings should be paid__________(64)to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evalua-
tions;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note
obvious avalanche paths where plants are_________(65)or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who
might trigger an avalanche.
_________(61)
A:journey
B:trip
C:fact
D:process
共用题干
About eight million school-age children are home alone after school.These are the hours when the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alco- hol,tobacco,and drugs. Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or two until a parent comes home,and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk of poor grades and risky behaviors.
Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors among youths .One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less vio- lence even in poor neighborhoods.
After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities to children and youths during their out-of-school time.In addition to helping youths make use of af-ter-school hours,after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relation-ships with adults.Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults, as well as good use of time,are very important for healthy development in youth.
After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and play basketball when a parent or other responsible adult is at home.The programs can also be helpful for formal after-school activities,including"drop-in"programs that are provided by organizations.
Despite the benefits of after-school programs,there are many reasons why some parents do not use them. Programs may be too expensive,of poor quality,or hard to join.Some older children and young teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care.Parents may feel uncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the tradition-al child care years.However,research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm.
Why do many parents refuse to use after-school programs?
A: The programs are just like child care programs.
B: The programs offer no freedom to their children.
C: The programs bring little benefit to parents and children.
D: The programs can be expensive or poor in quality.
About eight million school-age children are home alone after school.These are the hours when the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alco- hol,tobacco,and drugs. Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or two until a parent comes home,and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk of poor grades and risky behaviors.
Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors among youths .One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less vio- lence even in poor neighborhoods.
After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities to children and youths during their out-of-school time.In addition to helping youths make use of af-ter-school hours,after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relation-ships with adults.Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults, as well as good use of time,are very important for healthy development in youth.
After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and play basketball when a parent or other responsible adult is at home.The programs can also be helpful for formal after-school activities,including"drop-in"programs that are provided by organizations.
Despite the benefits of after-school programs,there are many reasons why some parents do not use them. Programs may be too expensive,of poor quality,or hard to join.Some older children and young teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care.Parents may feel uncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the tradition-al child care years.However,research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm.
Why do many parents refuse to use after-school programs?
A: The programs are just like child care programs.
B: The programs offer no freedom to their children.
C: The programs bring little benefit to parents and children.
D: The programs can be expensive or poor in quality.
The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.
A: question
B: problem
C: title
D: topic
A: question
B: problem
C: title
D: topic
共用题干
Natural Gas
1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface. It is a fossil fuel（矿物燃
料）,meaning that it is derived from orgaiiic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main corn-
ponent of natural gas is methane（甲烷）.
2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas have increased dramatically over the past 50 years as
pipeline infrastructure（基础设施）has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions
of residential,commercial and industrial customers worldwide.Today,natural gas service is available in all 50
states in the U.S.,and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries.More than 65
million American homes use natural gas.In fact,natural gas is the most economical source for home energy
needs,costing one-third as much as electricity.In addition to heating homes,much of the gas used in the
United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products,from paint,to fibers for
clothing,to plastics for healthcare,computing and furnishings.Natural gas is also used in a significant number
of new electricity-generating power plants.
3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits（发出）less pollution than other
fossil fuel sources. When natural gas is burned , it produces mostly carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）and water va-
por一the same substances emitted when humans breathe.Compared with some other fossil fuels,natural gas
emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted（燃烧）一making natural gas the clea-
nest burning fossil fuel of all.
4 The United States consumes about one一third of the world's natural gas output,making it the largest
gas-consuming region in the world.The U.S.Department of Energy Information Administration forecasts that
natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.
5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface.The largest reserves of natural
gas can be found in Russia , West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG（液化天然气）has been pro-
duced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.Today,the leading import-
ers of LNG are Japan,Korea,France and Spain.
Paragraph 4__________
A:Popularity and Use of Natural Gas
B:Natural Gas Reserves and Supply
C:Natural Gas Prices
D:Clean Fuel of Choice
E:Disadvantages of Natural Gas
F:Natural Gas Consumption
Natural Gas
1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface. It is a fossil fuel（矿物燃
料）,meaning that it is derived from orgaiiic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main corn-
ponent of natural gas is methane（甲烷）.
2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas have increased dramatically over the past 50 years as
pipeline infrastructure（基础设施）has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions
of residential,commercial and industrial customers worldwide.Today,natural gas service is available in all 50
states in the U.S.,and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries.More than 65
million American homes use natural gas.In fact,natural gas is the most economical source for home energy
needs,costing one-third as much as electricity.In addition to heating homes,much of the gas used in the
United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products,from paint,to fibers for
clothing,to plastics for healthcare,computing and furnishings.Natural gas is also used in a significant number
of new electricity-generating power plants.
3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits（发出）less pollution than other
fossil fuel sources. When natural gas is burned , it produces mostly carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）and water va-
por一the same substances emitted when humans breathe.Compared with some other fossil fuels,natural gas
emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted（燃烧）一making natural gas the clea-
nest burning fossil fuel of all.
4 The United States consumes about one一third of the world's natural gas output,making it the largest
gas-consuming region in the world.The U.S.Department of Energy Information Administration forecasts that
natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.
5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface.The largest reserves of natural
gas can be found in Russia , West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG（液化天然气）has been pro-
duced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.Today,the leading import-
ers of LNG are Japan,Korea,France and Spain.
Paragraph 4__________
A:Popularity and Use of Natural Gas
B:Natural Gas Reserves and Supply
C:Natural Gas Prices
D:Clean Fuel of Choice
E:Disadvantages of Natural Gas
F:Natural Gas Consumption
共用题干
Science Fiction
1 Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction.Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people.Furthermore,some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.
2 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature,but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago.These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society,a theme which is still often found in modern stories.
3 Most of the classics of science fiction,however,have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells,to mention just two well-known authors,have been translated into many languages.
4 Modern science fiction writers don ' t write about men from Mars（火星）or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now.Because of this,their writing has obvious political undertones（含义）.
5 In an age where science fact frequently overtakes（超过）science fiction , the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going,however,may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.
The writers find it difficult______.
A:concerned with the problems to solve in the future
B:to keep ahead of scientific advances
C:have political implication
D:a current theme
E:read worldwide
F:a reciirrent theme
Science Fiction
1 Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction.Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people.Furthermore,some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.
2 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature,but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago.These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society,a theme which is still often found in modern stories.
3 Most of the classics of science fiction,however,have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells,to mention just two well-known authors,have been translated into many languages.
4 Modern science fiction writers don ' t write about men from Mars（火星）or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now.Because of this,their writing has obvious political undertones（含义）.
5 In an age where science fact frequently overtakes（超过）science fiction , the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going,however,may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.
The writers find it difficult______.
A:concerned with the problems to solve in the future
B:to keep ahead of scientific advances
C:have political implication
D:a current theme
E:read worldwide
F:a reciirrent theme
共用题干
第三篇
College Night Owls（晚睡的人）Have Lower Grades
College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls,
according to University of North Texas researchers.
They had 824 undergraduate（大学本科生的）students complete a health survey that included questiom
about sleep habits and daytime functioning,and found that students who are morning people had higher grade
point averages(GPAs)than those who are night people.
"The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding,
sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future,along with the research showing
that memory is improved by sleep,"study co-author Daniel J.Taylor said in a prepared statement.
"Further,these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using
chronotherapy（时间疗法）to help students retrieve their biological clock to become morning types, "Taylor
said.
The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP,the annual meeting of the Associated
Professional Sleep Societies,in Baltimore.
In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting,University of Colorado researchers found a
significant association between insomnia（失眠）and a decline in college students' academic performance.
The study included 64 psychology,nursing and medical students,average age 27.4 years,who were
divided into two groups一low GPAs and high GPAs.
Among those with low GPAs ,69. 7 percent had trouble falling asleep ,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or
twitches（痉挛）at night,65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep,and
72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.
"In college students,the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable
impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom,"study author Dr James F.Pagel said in a prepared
statement."This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academic
performance,including GPAs."
In the first study,students who stay up late________.
A:had lower GPAs
B:had higher GPAs
C:performed equally well in their studies
D:had little difficulty concentrating during the day
第三篇
College Night Owls（晚睡的人）Have Lower Grades
College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls,
according to University of North Texas researchers.
They had 824 undergraduate（大学本科生的）students complete a health survey that included questiom
about sleep habits and daytime functioning,and found that students who are morning people had higher grade
point averages(GPAs)than those who are night people.
"The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding,
sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future,along with the research showing
that memory is improved by sleep,"study co-author Daniel J.Taylor said in a prepared statement.
"Further,these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using
chronotherapy（时间疗法）to help students retrieve their biological clock to become morning types, "Taylor
said.
The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP,the annual meeting of the Associated
Professional Sleep Societies,in Baltimore.
In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting,University of Colorado researchers found a
significant association between insomnia（失眠）and a decline in college students' academic performance.
The study included 64 psychology,nursing and medical students,average age 27.4 years,who were
divided into two groups一low GPAs and high GPAs.
Among those with low GPAs ,69. 7 percent had trouble falling asleep ,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or
twitches（痉挛）at night,65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep,and
72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.
"In college students,the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable
impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom,"study author Dr James F.Pagel said in a prepared
statement."This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academic
performance,including GPAs."
In the first study,students who stay up late________.
A:had lower GPAs
B:had higher GPAs
C:performed equally well in their studies
D:had little difficulty concentrating during the day