共用题干
Hospital Mistreatment
According to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including humiliation by
senior doctors,_________(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.
The findings come from analysis of the________(52)a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,
733 second-year residents.The survey and________(53)appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of
the American Medical Association.
Overall,out of the 1,277 residents________(54)completed surveys,1,1 85 said that they had expe-
rienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year._______(55)reporting incidents where
they were abused,more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other
persons_______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had
witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents,attending physicians,or nurses.Almost 40% said pa-
tient mistreatment was a frequent_______(57）.
More than 10% of the residents said they were________(58)to have enough sleep,and the average
number of hours_________(59)sleep was 37.6.The average on-call tirne during a ______(60)week
was 56.9 hours,but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some
weeks.
__________(61)30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexusi hsra、mrnt or discrimi-
nation,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events oc-
curring three or more times,53%of the respondents reported that they______(62)belittled or humilia-
ted by more senior residents,while just over 21%reported someone taking credit for their work.Being
"_______(63)tasks for punishment," "being pushed,kicked or hit," and__________(64) someone
"threatening your reputation or career,"were reported as a more_______(65)occurrence by over l0% of
the responding residents.
_________(63)
A:give
B:giving
C:gave
D:given
Hospital Mistreatment
According to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including humiliation by
senior doctors,_________(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.
The findings come from analysis of the________(52)a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,
733 second-year residents.The survey and________(53)appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of
the American Medical Association.
Overall,out of the 1,277 residents________(54)completed surveys,1,1 85 said that they had expe-
rienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year._______(55)reporting incidents where
they were abused,more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other
persons_______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had
witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents,attending physicians,or nurses.Almost 40% said pa-
tient mistreatment was a frequent_______(57）.
More than 10% of the residents said they were________(58)to have enough sleep,and the average
number of hours_________(59)sleep was 37.6.The average on-call tirne during a ______(60)week
was 56.9 hours,but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some
weeks.
__________(61)30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexusi hsra、mrnt or discrimi-
nation,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events oc-
curring three or more times,53%of the respondents reported that they______(62)belittled or humilia-
ted by more senior residents,while just over 21%reported someone taking credit for their work.Being
"_______(63)tasks for punishment," "being pushed,kicked or hit," and__________(64) someone
"threatening your reputation or career,"were reported as a more_______(65)occurrence by over l0% of
the responding residents.
_________(63)
A:give
B:giving
C:gave
D:given
共用题干
Every Dog Has His Say
Kimiko Fukuda always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup,it would pull at her sleeve.______(1)When the dog barks,she glances at a small electronic gadget（装置）. The following “human” translation appears on its screen: “Please take me with you”“I realized that's how he was feeling.”says Fukuda.
The gadget is called Bowlingual,and it translates dog barks into feelings. People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world's first dog-human translation machine in 2002.But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it.______(2)
“Nobody else had thought about it,”said Masahiko Kajita,who works for Takara.“ We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders;what would it be like if we could understand dogs?”
Bowlingual has two parts.______(3)The translation is done in the gadget using a da-tabase containing every kind of bark.
Based on animal behavior research,these noises are divided into six categories:happi-ness,sadness,frustration,anger,declaration and desire.______(4)In this way,the data-base scientifically matches a bark to an emotion,which is then translated into one of 200 phrases.
When a visitor went to Fukuda's house recently,the dog barked a loud“bow wow”. ______(5)It was followed by“I'm stronger than you”as the dog growled and sniffed（嗅） at the visitor.
The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120.It can store up to 100 barks,even recording the dog's emotions when the owner is away.
______(1)
A:.A wireless microphone is attached to the dog's collar,which sends information to the gadget held by the owner.
B: Nobody really knows how a dog feels.
C: This translated as“Don't come this way”.
D: More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer.
E: Now,the Japanese girl thinks she knows.
F: Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like“Let's play”,“Look at me”, or“Spend more time with me”.
Every Dog Has His Say
Kimiko Fukuda always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup,it would pull at her sleeve.______(1)When the dog barks,she glances at a small electronic gadget（装置）. The following “human” translation appears on its screen: “Please take me with you”“I realized that's how he was feeling.”says Fukuda.
The gadget is called Bowlingual,and it translates dog barks into feelings. People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world's first dog-human translation machine in 2002.But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it.______(2)
“Nobody else had thought about it,”said Masahiko Kajita,who works for Takara.“ We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders;what would it be like if we could understand dogs?”
Bowlingual has two parts.______(3)The translation is done in the gadget using a da-tabase containing every kind of bark.
Based on animal behavior research,these noises are divided into six categories:happi-ness,sadness,frustration,anger,declaration and desire.______(4)In this way,the data-base scientifically matches a bark to an emotion,which is then translated into one of 200 phrases.
When a visitor went to Fukuda's house recently,the dog barked a loud“bow wow”. ______(5)It was followed by“I'm stronger than you”as the dog growled and sniffed（嗅） at the visitor.
The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120.It can store up to 100 barks,even recording the dog's emotions when the owner is away.
______(1)
A:.A wireless microphone is attached to the dog's collar,which sends information to the gadget held by the owner.
B: Nobody really knows how a dog feels.
C: This translated as“Don't come this way”.
D: More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer.
E: Now,the Japanese girl thinks she knows.
F: Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like“Let's play”,“Look at me”, or“Spend more time with me”.
共用题干
The first navigational lights in the New World were probably lighthouses hung at harbor en-trances.The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brew-ster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by“light dues”levied（征收）on ships,the original beacon was blown up in 1776 .Until then there were only a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colonies.Little over a century later,there were 700 lighthouses.
The first eight lighthouses erected on the West Coast in the 1850s featured the same basic New England design:a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by .In New England and elsewhere,though,lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles.
Since most stations in the Northeast were set up on rocky eminences（高处）,enormous towers were not the rule .Some were made of stone and brick,others of wood or metal.Some stood on pilings or stilts;some were fastened to rock with iron rods.Farther south,from Maryland through the Florida Keys,the coast was low and sandy.It was often necessary to build tall towers theremassive structures like the majestic lighthouse in Cape Hatteras,North Carolina,which was lit in 1870.190 feet high,it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.
Not withstanding differences in construction appearance,most lighthouses in America shared several features:a light,living quarters,and sometimes a bell(or,later,a foghorn).They also had something else in common:a keeper and usually the keeper's family.The keeper's essential task was trimming the lantern wick（灯芯）in order to maintain a steady,bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every walk of life,they were seamen,farmers,mechanics,rough mill hands and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums.
After the administration of lighthouse was taken over in 1 852 by the United States Lighthouse
Board,and agency of the Treasury Department,the keeper corps gradually became highly professional.
Why does the author mention the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
A: It was the headquarters of the United States Lighthouse Board.
B: Many of the tallest lighthouses were built there.
C: The first lantern wicks were developed there.
D: The first lighthouse in North America was built there.
The first navigational lights in the New World were probably lighthouses hung at harbor en-trances.The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brew-ster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by“light dues”levied（征收）on ships,the original beacon was blown up in 1776 .Until then there were only a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colonies.Little over a century later,there were 700 lighthouses.
The first eight lighthouses erected on the West Coast in the 1850s featured the same basic New England design:a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by .In New England and elsewhere,though,lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles.
Since most stations in the Northeast were set up on rocky eminences（高处）,enormous towers were not the rule .Some were made of stone and brick,others of wood or metal.Some stood on pilings or stilts;some were fastened to rock with iron rods.Farther south,from Maryland through the Florida Keys,the coast was low and sandy.It was often necessary to build tall towers theremassive structures like the majestic lighthouse in Cape Hatteras,North Carolina,which was lit in 1870.190 feet high,it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.
Not withstanding differences in construction appearance,most lighthouses in America shared several features:a light,living quarters,and sometimes a bell(or,later,a foghorn).They also had something else in common:a keeper and usually the keeper's family.The keeper's essential task was trimming the lantern wick（灯芯）in order to maintain a steady,bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every walk of life,they were seamen,farmers,mechanics,rough mill hands and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums.
After the administration of lighthouse was taken over in 1 852 by the United States Lighthouse
Board,and agency of the Treasury Department,the keeper corps gradually became highly professional.
Why does the author mention the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
A: It was the headquarters of the United States Lighthouse Board.
B: Many of the tallest lighthouses were built there.
C: The first lantern wicks were developed there.
D: The first lighthouse in North America was built there.
共用题干
Organ Donation and Transplantation
1 Organ donation（捐献）and transplantation（移植）refers to the process by which organs or tissues
from one person are put into another person's body.
2 The number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors.About
3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month.Each day,about 77 people
receive organ transplants.However,18 people die each day waiting for transplants that can't take place
because of the shortage of donated organs.
3 There are rio age limits on who can donate.Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ
donors. If you are under age 18 , you must have a parent's or guardian's consent（同意）.If you are 18 years or
older,you can show you want to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.
4 Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs,the doctor or the emergency room staff
won't work as hard to save their life.This is not true.The transplant team is completely separate from the
medical staff working to save your life.The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors
have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.
5 If you need an organ transplant,your doctor will help you get on the national waiting list.Your name
will be added to a pool of names.When an organ donor becomes available,all the patients in the pool are
compared to that donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ, medical urgency（紧急）of
the patient's illness , time already spent on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient（接受
者）are considered.
Organ donors range in age from newborns to________.
A:donated organs
B:the national waiting list
C:a donor card
D:senior citizens
E:all possible efforts
F:the most suitable candidate
Organ Donation and Transplantation
1 Organ donation（捐献）and transplantation（移植）refers to the process by which organs or tissues
from one person are put into another person's body.
2 The number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors.About
3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month.Each day,about 77 people
receive organ transplants.However,18 people die each day waiting for transplants that can't take place
because of the shortage of donated organs.
3 There are rio age limits on who can donate.Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ
donors. If you are under age 18 , you must have a parent's or guardian's consent（同意）.If you are 18 years or
older,you can show you want to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.
4 Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs,the doctor or the emergency room staff
won't work as hard to save their life.This is not true.The transplant team is completely separate from the
medical staff working to save your life.The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors
have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.
5 If you need an organ transplant,your doctor will help you get on the national waiting list.Your name
will be added to a pool of names.When an organ donor becomes available,all the patients in the pool are
compared to that donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ, medical urgency（紧急）of
the patient's illness , time already spent on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient（接受
者）are considered.
Organ donors range in age from newborns to________.
A:donated organs
B:the national waiting list
C:a donor card
D:senior citizens
E:all possible efforts
F:the most suitable candidate
A. with
B.by
C. for
D. of
共用题干
Panic A panic is a form of collective in which a group of people,face with an immediate threat,re-act in an uncoordinated and irrational way.Their behavior is uncoordinated in the sense that co-operative social relationships and break down.It is irrational in the sense that people's actions are not appropriate for the goals they wish to achieve. The progress of a panic follows a fairly typical course . A sudden crisis occurs;people experi- ence intense fear;normal social expectations are broken;each individual tries desperately to es- cape from the source of danger;mutual cooperation breaks down;and the situation becomes even more threatening as a result. Panics are especially likely to occur in unusual conditions in which everyday norms have little relevance,such as fires,floods,earthquakes or military invasions. Some kind of response is necessary in these situations, but there are few social norms that specify an appropriate reaction.Thus,when a passenger aircraft makes a crash landing people may at-tempt to flee before fire breaks out and cause an explosion,but there only succeed in stopping themselves and others by creating bottlenecks at the exits.Awareness of bottlenecks may lead to increased panic,with people fighting and trampling one another in the effort to escape.Despite intensive training of airline personnel in emergency evacuation procedures,a high proportion of passenger deaths are caused by a panic that prevents people from escaping in time. The most dramatic panics are those that occur in situations of extreme emergency,but not all panics are quite so frantic or short-lived.A different form of this collective behavior is the finan- cial panic,which is typically provoked by rumor that the price of stocks will fall or that a bank will be unable to repay its depositors .The classic example,of course, occurred at the outset of the Great Depression in 1929:as in other forms of panic,the individuals involved tried to protect their own interests,and in so doing they worsened the situation for themselves and everyone else. By trying to sell their stocks as quickly as possible,people ensured that the price of stocks did fall;by demanding their money back from banks,they ensured that the banks actually did col-lapse.
What will people not do when they feel panic?
A: They become uncoordinated.
B: They become irrational.
C: They face an immediate threat.
D:They break down cooperative social relationships.
Panic A panic is a form of collective in which a group of people,face with an immediate threat,re-act in an uncoordinated and irrational way.Their behavior is uncoordinated in the sense that co-operative social relationships and break down.It is irrational in the sense that people's actions are not appropriate for the goals they wish to achieve. The progress of a panic follows a fairly typical course . A sudden crisis occurs;people experi- ence intense fear;normal social expectations are broken;each individual tries desperately to es- cape from the source of danger;mutual cooperation breaks down;and the situation becomes even more threatening as a result. Panics are especially likely to occur in unusual conditions in which everyday norms have little relevance,such as fires,floods,earthquakes or military invasions. Some kind of response is necessary in these situations, but there are few social norms that specify an appropriate reaction.Thus,when a passenger aircraft makes a crash landing people may at-tempt to flee before fire breaks out and cause an explosion,but there only succeed in stopping themselves and others by creating bottlenecks at the exits.Awareness of bottlenecks may lead to increased panic,with people fighting and trampling one another in the effort to escape.Despite intensive training of airline personnel in emergency evacuation procedures,a high proportion of passenger deaths are caused by a panic that prevents people from escaping in time. The most dramatic panics are those that occur in situations of extreme emergency,but not all panics are quite so frantic or short-lived.A different form of this collective behavior is the finan- cial panic,which is typically provoked by rumor that the price of stocks will fall or that a bank will be unable to repay its depositors .The classic example,of course, occurred at the outset of the Great Depression in 1929:as in other forms of panic,the individuals involved tried to protect their own interests,and in so doing they worsened the situation for themselves and everyone else. By trying to sell their stocks as quickly as possible,people ensured that the price of stocks did fall;by demanding their money back from banks,they ensured that the banks actually did col-lapse.
What will people not do when they feel panic?
A: They become uncoordinated.
B: They become irrational.
C: They face an immediate threat.
D:They break down cooperative social relationships.
共用题干
Obesity:the Scourge of the Western World
Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world,delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to state-ments before the opening of the conference一of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries一1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight,and 250 million are obese.
Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said:“Obesity is a chronic ill-ness.In Germany,20 percent of the people are already affected,but in Japan only one per-cent.”But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.
Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said:“We are living in the new age(but)with the metabolism of a stone-age man.”“I have just been to the United States.It is really terni-ble.A pizza shop is springing up on every corner. We have been overrun by fast food and Co-ca-Cola-ization.”
Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said:“Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese,also fifty percent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty percent with adipose tissue complaints.”“Ten percent more weight means thirteen percent more risk of heart disease.Reducing one's weight by ten percent leads to thirteen percent lower blood pressure.”
Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs.“Though the health insurance pays for surgery( such as re-ducing the size of the stomach)when the body-mass index is more than 40.That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters.One should start earlier.”
Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school.“Child obesity(fat deposits)correlates with the time which children spend in front of TV sets.”The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen percent of obese people lived to the average life ex-pectancy for their population group.
From the last paragraph we may infer that one of the effective measures suggested by Ludnik to prevent childrenfrom being obese would be______.
A: not to permit them to watch TV at all
B: to tell them to spend less time watching TV
C: to turn off TV when they are in front of TV sets
D: to calculate accurately the time that a child spends watching TV
Obesity:the Scourge of the Western World
Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world,delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to state-ments before the opening of the conference一of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries一1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight,and 250 million are obese.
Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said:“Obesity is a chronic ill-ness.In Germany,20 percent of the people are already affected,but in Japan only one per-cent.”But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.
Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said:“We are living in the new age(but)with the metabolism of a stone-age man.”“I have just been to the United States.It is really terni-ble.A pizza shop is springing up on every corner. We have been overrun by fast food and Co-ca-Cola-ization.”
Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said:“Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese,also fifty percent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty percent with adipose tissue complaints.”“Ten percent more weight means thirteen percent more risk of heart disease.Reducing one's weight by ten percent leads to thirteen percent lower blood pressure.”
Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs.“Though the health insurance pays for surgery( such as re-ducing the size of the stomach)when the body-mass index is more than 40.That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters.One should start earlier.”
Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school.“Child obesity(fat deposits)correlates with the time which children spend in front of TV sets.”The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen percent of obese people lived to the average life ex-pectancy for their population group.
From the last paragraph we may infer that one of the effective measures suggested by Ludnik to prevent childrenfrom being obese would be______.
A: not to permit them to watch TV at all
B: to tell them to spend less time watching TV
C: to turn off TV when they are in front of TV sets
D: to calculate accurately the time that a child spends watching TV
共用题干
Mobile Phones:Change Our Life
In the case of mobile phones,change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture,but our very bodies as well.
First,Let's talk about culture.The difference between the mobile phone and its parent一the fixed-line phone,is that a mobile phone corresponds to a person,while a landline goes to a place.If you call my mobile,you get me.If you call my fixed-line phone,you get whoever answers it.
This has several implications.The most common one,however,and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever,is the"meeting"influence.People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet.Twenty years ago,a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance.You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place.Now,however,a night out can be arranged on the run.It is no longer"see you there at 8", but"text me around 8 and we'll see where we all are".
Texting changes people as well.In their paper,"Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging",two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users:the"talkers"and the"texters”一those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text message to voice.
They found that the mobile phone's individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality.Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts.This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.
Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language.There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone.There is the"speakeasy":the head is held high,in a self-confident way,chatting away.And there is the"spacemaker":these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.
Who can blame them?Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people's privacy. So,it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous.But perhaps you needn't worry so much.After all,it is good to talk.
If you call my fixed-line phone,you always get me.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Mobile Phones:Change Our Life
In the case of mobile phones,change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture,but our very bodies as well.
First,Let's talk about culture.The difference between the mobile phone and its parent一the fixed-line phone,is that a mobile phone corresponds to a person,while a landline goes to a place.If you call my mobile,you get me.If you call my fixed-line phone,you get whoever answers it.
This has several implications.The most common one,however,and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever,is the"meeting"influence.People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet.Twenty years ago,a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance.You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place.Now,however,a night out can be arranged on the run.It is no longer"see you there at 8", but"text me around 8 and we'll see where we all are".
Texting changes people as well.In their paper,"Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging",two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users:the"talkers"and the"texters”一those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text message to voice.
They found that the mobile phone's individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality.Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts.This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.
Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language.There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone.There is the"speakeasy":the head is held high,in a self-confident way,chatting away.And there is the"spacemaker":these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.
Who can blame them?Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people's privacy. So,it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous.But perhaps you needn't worry so much.After all,it is good to talk.
If you call my fixed-line phone,you always get me.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
On the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers.
A: wild
B: fresh
C: lovely
D: false
A: wild
B: fresh
C: lovely
D: false
共用题干
Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity
Not a plant to be seen,the desert ground is too dry.But the air contains water,and research scientists
have found a. __________
(51)of obtaining drinking water from air humidity."The process we have
developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sources_________(52)thermal solar collectors and
photovoltaic（光电的）cells , ________( 53 ) makes this method completely energy-autonomous. It will
____________( 54 ) function in regions where there is no electrical infrastructure（基础设施）,"says Siegfried
Egner,head of the research team. The principle of the_________(55)is as follows:hygroscopic（吸湿的）
brine（盐水）一saline（含盐的）solution which absorbs moisture一runs down a tower-shaped unit and absorbs
water from the air. It is then sucked__________(56)a tank a few meters off the ground in which a vacuum
prevails.Energy from solar collectors_________(57)up the brine,which is diluted by the water it has
__________ (58).
Because of the vacuum,the boiling point of the liquid is lower than it would be under__________(59)
atmospheric pressure. The evaporated (蒸发的）, non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a
completely filled tube in a controlled manner. The gravity of this water column_______(60)produces the
vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed.The reconcentrated brine________(61)down the tower
surface again to absorb moisture from the air.
"The concept is suitable for various water________(62).Single一person units and plants
supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable,"says Egner. Prototypes have been built for_______
(63)system components一air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation一and the research scientists
have already __________(64)their interplay on a laboratory scale.In a further ________(65)the re-
searchers intend to develop a demonstration facility.
_________(55)
A:prospect
B:process
C:progress
D:product
Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity
Not a plant to be seen,the desert ground is too dry.But the air contains water,and research scientists
have found a. __________
(51)of obtaining drinking water from air humidity."The process we have
developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sources_________(52)thermal solar collectors and
photovoltaic（光电的）cells , ________( 53 ) makes this method completely energy-autonomous. It will
____________( 54 ) function in regions where there is no electrical infrastructure（基础设施）,"says Siegfried
Egner,head of the research team. The principle of the_________(55)is as follows:hygroscopic（吸湿的）
brine（盐水）一saline（含盐的）solution which absorbs moisture一runs down a tower-shaped unit and absorbs
water from the air. It is then sucked__________(56)a tank a few meters off the ground in which a vacuum
prevails.Energy from solar collectors_________(57)up the brine,which is diluted by the water it has
__________ (58).
Because of the vacuum,the boiling point of the liquid is lower than it would be under__________(59)
atmospheric pressure. The evaporated (蒸发的）, non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a
completely filled tube in a controlled manner. The gravity of this water column_______(60)produces the
vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed.The reconcentrated brine________(61)down the tower
surface again to absorb moisture from the air.
"The concept is suitable for various water________(62).Single一person units and plants
supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable,"says Egner. Prototypes have been built for_______
(63)system components一air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation一and the research scientists
have already __________(64)their interplay on a laboratory scale.In a further ________(65)the re-
searchers intend to develop a demonstration facility.
_________(55)
A:prospect
B:process
C:progress
D:product
共用题干
第一篇
Narcotic Addiction（麻醉品依赖）
Heroin（海洛因）addiction today is found chiefly among young people in ghetto areas（贫民区）. Of the more than 60,000 known addicts,more than half live in New York State.Most of these live in New York City. Recent figures show that more than half of the addicts are less than 30 years of age.
Narcotic（麻醉剂）addiction in the United States is not limited to heroin users. Some middle-aged and older persons who take narcotic drugs regularly to relieve pain can also become addicted. So do some people who can get drugs easily,such as doctors,nurses and druggists. Studies show that this type of addict has personality and emotional problems very similar to those of other regular narcotic users.
Many addicts admit that getting a continued supply is the main objective of their lives.His concentration on getting drugs often prevents the addict from continuing his education or his job.His health is often poor. He may be sick one day from effects of withdrawal（撤退，这里指不吸毒）and sick the next from an overdose（吸毒过量）.Statistics show that his life span（寿命）may. be shorted by 15 to 20 years.He is usually in trouble with his family and almost always in trouble with the law.
Some studies suggest that many of the known narcotic addicts had some trouble with the law before they became addicted.Once addicted,they may even become more involved with crime because it costs so much to support the heroin habit.
Most authorities agree that the addict's involvement with crime is not a direct effect of the drug itself. Turning to crime is usually the only way he has of getting that much money.His crimes are always thefts or other crimes against property.
Federal penalties for illegal usage of narcotics were established under the Harrison Act (《哈里森法案》）of 1914. The Act provides（规定）that illegal possession of narcotics is punished by fines and/or imprisonment. Sentences can range from 2 to 10 years for further offences.
Illegal sale of narcotics can mean a fine of $20,000 and a sentence from 20 to 40 years for later offences.A person who Sells narcotics to someone under 18 is refused parole（假释）and probation（缓刑）, even for the first offences. if the drug is heroin,he can be sentenced to life imprisonment or to death.
A student who becomes addicted to drugs may______.
A:cheat in the examinations
B:daydream in the class
C:drop out of school
D:lose confidence in himself
第一篇
Narcotic Addiction（麻醉品依赖）
Heroin（海洛因）addiction today is found chiefly among young people in ghetto areas（贫民区）. Of the more than 60,000 known addicts,more than half live in New York State.Most of these live in New York City. Recent figures show that more than half of the addicts are less than 30 years of age.
Narcotic（麻醉剂）addiction in the United States is not limited to heroin users. Some middle-aged and older persons who take narcotic drugs regularly to relieve pain can also become addicted. So do some people who can get drugs easily,such as doctors,nurses and druggists. Studies show that this type of addict has personality and emotional problems very similar to those of other regular narcotic users.
Many addicts admit that getting a continued supply is the main objective of their lives.His concentration on getting drugs often prevents the addict from continuing his education or his job.His health is often poor. He may be sick one day from effects of withdrawal（撤退，这里指不吸毒）and sick the next from an overdose（吸毒过量）.Statistics show that his life span（寿命）may. be shorted by 15 to 20 years.He is usually in trouble with his family and almost always in trouble with the law.
Some studies suggest that many of the known narcotic addicts had some trouble with the law before they became addicted.Once addicted,they may even become more involved with crime because it costs so much to support the heroin habit.
Most authorities agree that the addict's involvement with crime is not a direct effect of the drug itself. Turning to crime is usually the only way he has of getting that much money.His crimes are always thefts or other crimes against property.
Federal penalties for illegal usage of narcotics were established under the Harrison Act (《哈里森法案》）of 1914. The Act provides（规定）that illegal possession of narcotics is punished by fines and/or imprisonment. Sentences can range from 2 to 10 years for further offences.
Illegal sale of narcotics can mean a fine of $20,000 and a sentence from 20 to 40 years for later offences.A person who Sells narcotics to someone under 18 is refused parole（假释）and probation（缓刑）, even for the first offences. if the drug is heroin,he can be sentenced to life imprisonment or to death.
A student who becomes addicted to drugs may______.
A:cheat in the examinations
B:daydream in the class
C:drop out of school
D:lose confidence in himself
共用题干
Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters
It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to1people frequently. But these fish perform a2service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing are threatening their3.Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from4.
Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas5their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,6people also swim. In fact,most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person7a sea animal,such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up.Those are the8 when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.
A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in wa-ter,such as blood,body liquids and9 produced by animals. These powerful10help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish,any11sharks,and plants that live in the ocean.
Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense,and immune 12against disease. Researchers know that sharks13quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.
Sharks are important for the world's14.They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too15．This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
11._________
A: those
B: these
C: another
D: other
Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters
It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to1people frequently. But these fish perform a2service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing are threatening their3.Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from4.
Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas5their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,6people also swim. In fact,most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person7a sea animal,such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up.Those are the8 when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.
A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in wa-ter,such as blood,body liquids and9 produced by animals. These powerful10help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish,any11sharks,and plants that live in the ocean.
Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense,and immune 12against disease. Researchers know that sharks13quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.
Sharks are important for the world's14.They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too15．This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
11._________
A: those
B: these
C: another
D: other
共用题干
EcoDorm
Thoreau said education often made straight-cut ditches out of twisting small streams.But not at the EcoDorm,which houses 36 undergraduates and is the spiritual heart of Warren Willege,a liberal arts school of fewer than 1,000 students in Swannanoa,N.C.
In recent years,colleges like Warren Wilson took a leading role in the sustainability movement, which seeks to develop a durable human relationship with the environment.More than 600 US colleges and universities have signed up for a pledge to become carbon neutral.Ninety dorms are now LEED certified,the most widely accepted national standard for green design.The EcoDorm is one of only two student residences that have LEED's highest rating.
Two Warren Wilson students first proposed the dorm a decade ago.Undergraduates on the planning committee initially suggested that it be built with corncobs or straw. The design,by Asheville一based Samsel Architects, required compromises一as well as a number of creative solutions.The wood used for building the walls was harvested from campus trees that were suffering from a certain disease.The kitchen cabinets were made from recycled fence posts.Rainwater is collected into a disused railway tanker car and pumped back into the house to clean the low-flow toilets.Two toilets,which convert decaying organic matter to fertilizer,are also available on the second floor; students shovel（铲）in wood chips after they use them. The EcoDorm consumes nearly two-thirds less electricity than would a conventional building of the same size.
Margo Flood,the executive director of Warren Wilson's Environmental Leadership Center,says those who apply to live there"see an integration between their actions and their values".They pledge not to use hair dryers.Their music does not have its sound made louder electronically. The residents plant and harvest scores of fruits and vegetables in their garden.
The EcoDorm's residents speak of the comfort of finding a home where their values are shared. "I didn't have to worry about paper towels being wasted or feeling bad about drying my clothes out-side,"Jeremy Lekich,a senior who oversees the dorm's garden,says."Basically,it has made my life easier."
Paragraph 2________
A:The residents' integration between their actions and their values.
B:The comfort of EcoDorm.
C:How Ecodorm was built.
D:How rainwater is collected to clean toilets.
E:Colleges' leading role in sustainable development.
F:The EcoDorm's consumption.
EcoDorm
Thoreau said education often made straight-cut ditches out of twisting small streams.But not at the EcoDorm,which houses 36 undergraduates and is the spiritual heart of Warren Willege,a liberal arts school of fewer than 1,000 students in Swannanoa,N.C.
In recent years,colleges like Warren Wilson took a leading role in the sustainability movement, which seeks to develop a durable human relationship with the environment.More than 600 US colleges and universities have signed up for a pledge to become carbon neutral.Ninety dorms are now LEED certified,the most widely accepted national standard for green design.The EcoDorm is one of only two student residences that have LEED's highest rating.
Two Warren Wilson students first proposed the dorm a decade ago.Undergraduates on the planning committee initially suggested that it be built with corncobs or straw. The design,by Asheville一based Samsel Architects, required compromises一as well as a number of creative solutions.The wood used for building the walls was harvested from campus trees that were suffering from a certain disease.The kitchen cabinets were made from recycled fence posts.Rainwater is collected into a disused railway tanker car and pumped back into the house to clean the low-flow toilets.Two toilets,which convert decaying organic matter to fertilizer,are also available on the second floor; students shovel（铲）in wood chips after they use them. The EcoDorm consumes nearly two-thirds less electricity than would a conventional building of the same size.
Margo Flood,the executive director of Warren Wilson's Environmental Leadership Center,says those who apply to live there"see an integration between their actions and their values".They pledge not to use hair dryers.Their music does not have its sound made louder electronically. The residents plant and harvest scores of fruits and vegetables in their garden.
The EcoDorm's residents speak of the comfort of finding a home where their values are shared. "I didn't have to worry about paper towels being wasted or feeling bad about drying my clothes out-side,"Jeremy Lekich,a senior who oversees the dorm's garden,says."Basically,it has made my life easier."
Paragraph 2________
A:The residents' integration between their actions and their values.
B:The comfort of EcoDorm.
C:How Ecodorm was built.
D:How rainwater is collected to clean toilets.
E:Colleges' leading role in sustainable development.
F:The EcoDorm's consumption.
共用题干
Daisy Williams admits genes play some role in the way she looks,but believes diet is an important factor."It doesn't matter how good the genes are if you don't eat properly and take care of your-self,"she says."If you want to look good,get plenty of rest,exercise every day,eat mostly raw fruits and vegetables and quit worrying."
Nowhere do the signs of aging manifest themselves more clearly than in the condition of the skin. When your weight fluctuates（波动）,the skin stretches with each up cycle , but it may not completely shrink back to its original size in the down cycle. As a result,the skin may sag（松弛下垂）.
Zinc and vitamin A are important for normal,healthy skin.Zinc helps the skin repair itself, and vitamin A aids in keeping skin supple,preventing dryness and helping shed dead cells.Good sources of zinc are beef,eggs and seafood,while many dark-green leafy vegetables are rich in beta carotene（胡萝卜素）, which the body converts to vitamin A.
Vitamin C helps improve the blood supply to the skin and aids in forming collagen（胶原）. Good sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits and juices,cauliflower,snow peas,red and green peppers,broccoli,white and sweet potatoes, tomatoes,watermelon,and honeydew melon.
How food is prepared matters too.The longer vegetables cook,the greater the loss of vitamins. Don't soak vegetables when washing them,since water-soluble vitamins such as C will be lost.
Good general nutrition is essential to maintaining a healthy,youthful appearance.And the key to good general nutrition is balance.Proteins should make up roughly 10 percent of your daily calorie intake;no more than 30 percent should come from fats;and the remaining calories should come mostly from complex carbohydrates（碳水化合物）.
Good sources of Vitamin A are beef,eggs and seafood.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Daisy Williams admits genes play some role in the way she looks,but believes diet is an important factor."It doesn't matter how good the genes are if you don't eat properly and take care of your-self,"she says."If you want to look good,get plenty of rest,exercise every day,eat mostly raw fruits and vegetables and quit worrying."
Nowhere do the signs of aging manifest themselves more clearly than in the condition of the skin. When your weight fluctuates（波动）,the skin stretches with each up cycle , but it may not completely shrink back to its original size in the down cycle. As a result,the skin may sag（松弛下垂）.
Zinc and vitamin A are important for normal,healthy skin.Zinc helps the skin repair itself, and vitamin A aids in keeping skin supple,preventing dryness and helping shed dead cells.Good sources of zinc are beef,eggs and seafood,while many dark-green leafy vegetables are rich in beta carotene（胡萝卜素）, which the body converts to vitamin A.
Vitamin C helps improve the blood supply to the skin and aids in forming collagen（胶原）. Good sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits and juices,cauliflower,snow peas,red and green peppers,broccoli,white and sweet potatoes, tomatoes,watermelon,and honeydew melon.
How food is prepared matters too.The longer vegetables cook,the greater the loss of vitamins. Don't soak vegetables when washing them,since water-soluble vitamins such as C will be lost.
Good general nutrition is essential to maintaining a healthy,youthful appearance.And the key to good general nutrition is balance.Proteins should make up roughly 10 percent of your daily calorie intake;no more than 30 percent should come from fats;and the remaining calories should come mostly from complex carbohydrates（碳水化合物）.
Good sources of Vitamin A are beef,eggs and seafood.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.
A: take out
B: repair
C: push in
D: dig
A: take out
B: repair
C: push in
D: dig