共用题干
Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow,often mixed with air and water,down a mountainside .Avalanches are______(51)the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material,typically snowpack,that is too massive and unstable for the slope______(52)supports it. Determining the critical load,the amount of over-burden which is______(53)to cause an avalanche，______（54)a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low ______(55)of avalanche .Snow does not______(56)significantly on steep slopes;also, snow does not______(57)easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is______(58)35 and 45 degrees;the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest,is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is:A slope that is______(59)enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of the angle.Additionally,avalanche risk increases with ______(60);that is,the more a slope is disturbed by skiers,the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject,winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe .Good avalanche safety is a continuous______(61),including route selection and examination of the snowpack,weather______(62),and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also______(63)the risk .If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports,they should be considered and all warnings should be paid______(64)to.
Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made .Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are ______(65)or damaged .Avoid travelling below others who might trigger an avalanche.
59._________
A: thick
B: thin
C: flat
D: rocky
Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow,often mixed with air and water,down a mountainside .Avalanches are______(51)the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material,typically snowpack,that is too massive and unstable for the slope______(52)supports it. Determining the critical load,the amount of over-burden which is______(53)to cause an avalanche，______（54)a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low ______(55)of avalanche .Snow does not______(56)significantly on steep slopes;also, snow does not______(57)easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is______(58)35 and 45 degrees;the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest,is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is:A slope that is______(59)enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of the angle.Additionally,avalanche risk increases with ______(60);that is,the more a slope is disturbed by skiers,the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject,winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe .Good avalanche safety is a continuous______(61),including route selection and examination of the snowpack,weather______(62),and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also______(63)the risk .If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports,they should be considered and all warnings should be paid______(64)to.
Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made .Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are ______(65)or damaged .Avoid travelling below others who might trigger an avalanche.
59._________
A: thick
B: thin
C: flat
D: rocky
共用题干
Electronic Mail
During the past few years,scientists all over the world have suddenly found themselves pro-ductively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding—writing,any kind of writing,but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mail's surprisingly high speed,convenience and economy,people who never before touched the stuff are regularly,skillfully,even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.
Electronic networks,woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days,are the route to colleagues in distant countries,shared data,bulletin boards and electronic journals.Any-one with a personal computer,a modern and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on.An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day,most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known col-lectively as the Internet,or net.
E-mail is starting to edge out the fax,the telephone,overnight mail,and of course,land mail.It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators,in part because it is conven-iently asynchronous（异步的）( Writer can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting.).If it is not yet speeding discoveries,it is certainly accelerating communication.
Jeremy Bernstein,the physicist and science writer,once called E-mail the physicist's umbili-cal cord（脐带）.Later other people,too,have been discovering its connective virtues. Physi-cists are using it;college students are using it;everybody is using it;and as a sign that it has come of age,the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon—an apprecia-tive dog seated at a keyboard,saying happily,“on the Internet,nobody knows you're a dog.”
What will happen to fax,land mail,overnight mail,etc.according to the writer?
A: Their functions cannot be replaced by E-mail.
B: They will co-exist with E-mail for a long time.
C: Less and less people will use them.
D: They will play a supplementary function to E-mail.
Electronic Mail
During the past few years,scientists all over the world have suddenly found themselves pro-ductively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding—writing,any kind of writing,but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mail's surprisingly high speed,convenience and economy,people who never before touched the stuff are regularly,skillfully,even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.
Electronic networks,woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days,are the route to colleagues in distant countries,shared data,bulletin boards and electronic journals.Any-one with a personal computer,a modern and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on.An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day,most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known col-lectively as the Internet,or net.
E-mail is starting to edge out the fax,the telephone,overnight mail,and of course,land mail.It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators,in part because it is conven-iently asynchronous（异步的）( Writer can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting.).If it is not yet speeding discoveries,it is certainly accelerating communication.
Jeremy Bernstein,the physicist and science writer,once called E-mail the physicist's umbili-cal cord（脐带）.Later other people,too,have been discovering its connective virtues. Physi-cists are using it;college students are using it;everybody is using it;and as a sign that it has come of age,the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon—an apprecia-tive dog seated at a keyboard,saying happily,“on the Internet,nobody knows you're a dog.”
What will happen to fax,land mail,overnight mail,etc.according to the writer?
A: Their functions cannot be replaced by E-mail.
B: They will co-exist with E-mail for a long time.
C: Less and less people will use them.
D: They will play a supplementary function to E-mail.
共用题干
Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters
It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to1people frequently. But these fish perform a2service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing are threatening their3.Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from4.
Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas5their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,6people also swim. In fact,most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person7a sea animal,such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up.Those are the8 when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.
A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in wa-ter,such as blood,body liquids and9 produced by animals. These powerful10help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish,any11sharks,and plants that live in the ocean.
Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense,and immune 12against disease. Researchers know that sharks13quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.
Sharks are important for the world's14.They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too15．This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
9._________
A: sciences
B: mathematics
C: chemicals
D: physics
Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters
It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to1people frequently. But these fish perform a2service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing are threatening their3.Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from4.
Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas5their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,6people also swim. In fact,most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person7a sea animal,such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up.Those are the8 when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.
A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in wa-ter,such as blood,body liquids and9 produced by animals. These powerful10help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish,any11sharks,and plants that live in the ocean.
Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense,and immune 12against disease. Researchers know that sharks13quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.
Sharks are important for the world's14.They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too15．This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
9._________
A: sciences
B: mathematics
C: chemicals
D: physics
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had_______.
A:no drive and ambition
B:the best sleep habits
C:no electric light
D:nothing to do in the evening
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had_______.
A:no drive and ambition
B:the best sleep habits
C:no electric light
D:nothing to do in the evening
共用题干
The Value of Motherhood
In shopping malls,the assistants try to push you into buying“a gift to thank her for her unselfish love”.When you log onto a website,a small popo-up invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.
______(1)The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact,she got more一enough to make her horrified.
______(2)They buy,among other things,132 million cards. Mother's Day is the No. 1 holiday for flower purchases.Then there are the various commodities,ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder,that take advantage of the promotion opportu- nities.Because of this,Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested一for distur- bing the peace,interestingly.
______(3)As Ralph Fevre,a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian,observe, traditionally“motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right.”But in the logic of commercialism,people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A ca- reer serves this purpose better.
______(4)So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother,however,inevitably handicaps career anticipation.
______(5)According to The Guardian,there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or,they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.
So,Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated:“It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people.”
______(3)
A: The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905,by Anna Jarvis,as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.
B: But what's more,commercialism changes young people's attitude towards mother-hood.
C: Obviously,the best gift will be a phone call or a visit.
D: According to a research by the US card company Hallmark,96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.
E: As a result,motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.
F: In addition,women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.
The Value of Motherhood
In shopping malls,the assistants try to push you into buying“a gift to thank her for her unselfish love”.When you log onto a website,a small popo-up invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.
______(1)The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact,she got more一enough to make her horrified.
______(2)They buy,among other things,132 million cards. Mother's Day is the No. 1 holiday for flower purchases.Then there are the various commodities,ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder,that take advantage of the promotion opportu- nities.Because of this,Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested一for distur- bing the peace,interestingly.
______(3)As Ralph Fevre,a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian,observe, traditionally“motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right.”But in the logic of commercialism,people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A ca- reer serves this purpose better.
______(4)So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother,however,inevitably handicaps career anticipation.
______(5)According to The Guardian,there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or,they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.
So,Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated:“It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people.”
______(3)
A: The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905,by Anna Jarvis,as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.
B: But what's more,commercialism changes young people's attitude towards mother-hood.
C: Obviously,the best gift will be a phone call or a visit.
D: According to a research by the US card company Hallmark,96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.
E: As a result,motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.
F: In addition,women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.
共用题干
Science Fiction
1 Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction.Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people.Furthermore,some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.
2 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature,but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago.These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society,a theme which is still often found in modern stories.
3 Most of the classics of science fiction,however,have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells,to mention just two well-known authors,have been translated into many languages.
4 Modern science fiction writers don ' t write about men from Mars（火星）or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now.Because of this,their writing has obvious political undertones（含义）.
5 In an age where science fact frequently overtakes（超过）science fiction , the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going,however,may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.
Modern science fiction______.
A:concerned with the problems to solve in the future
B:to keep ahead of scientific advances
C:have political implication
D:a current theme
E:read worldwide
F:a reciirrent theme
Science Fiction
1 Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction.Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people.Furthermore,some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.
2 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature,but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago.These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society,a theme which is still often found in modern stories.
3 Most of the classics of science fiction,however,have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells,to mention just two well-known authors,have been translated into many languages.
4 Modern science fiction writers don ' t write about men from Mars（火星）or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now.Because of this,their writing has obvious political undertones（含义）.
5 In an age where science fact frequently overtakes（超过）science fiction , the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going,however,may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.
Modern science fiction______.
A:concerned with the problems to solve in the future
B:to keep ahead of scientific advances
C:have political implication
D:a current theme
E:read worldwide
F:a reciirrent theme
共用题干
Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?
In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center,structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable:Can buildings be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts（爆炸）inflicted by terrorists?
Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the,twin towers,stmctural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering.Research(MCEER)headquartered（总部在某地）atUB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded场the National Science Foundation.Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance（事先考查）visit,they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged but still are standing.
"Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center,those buildings that are still standing,but that sustained damage," said M.Bruneau,Ph. D."Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing,while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,"he added.
Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling (惊人的）detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity.One building a block away from the towers remains standing,but was badly damaged."This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,"explained A.Whittaker,Ph. D.
"The column became a missile that shot across the road,through the window and through the floor."
The visit to the area also revealed some surprises,according to the engineers.For example,the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged,allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact." Highly redundant ductile（有延展性的）framing systems may provide a simple,but robust strategy for blast resistance,"he added.Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails."We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse,"said A.Whittaker."We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it." A.Reinhorn,Ph. D.noted that"Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past.It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components.Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design.Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present."
The project funded by the National Science Foundation______.
A:was first proposed by some engineers at UB
B:took about two days to complete
C:was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack
D:was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts
Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?
In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center,structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable:Can buildings be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts（爆炸）inflicted by terrorists?
Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the,twin towers,stmctural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering.Research(MCEER)headquartered（总部在某地）atUB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded场the National Science Foundation.Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance（事先考查）visit,they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged but still are standing.
"Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center,those buildings that are still standing,but that sustained damage," said M.Bruneau,Ph. D."Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing,while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,"he added.
Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling (惊人的）detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity.One building a block away from the towers remains standing,but was badly damaged."This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,"explained A.Whittaker,Ph. D.
"The column became a missile that shot across the road,through the window and through the floor."
The visit to the area also revealed some surprises,according to the engineers.For example,the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged,allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact." Highly redundant ductile（有延展性的）framing systems may provide a simple,but robust strategy for blast resistance,"he added.Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails."We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse,"said A.Whittaker."We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it." A.Reinhorn,Ph. D.noted that"Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past.It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components.Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design.Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present."
The project funded by the National Science Foundation______.
A:was first proposed by some engineers at UB
B:took about two days to complete
C:was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attack
D:was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts
Good teamwork has played an important role in the company's success.
A:place
B:game
C:effect
D:part
A:place
B:game
C:effect
D:part
We need to extract the relevant financial data.
A: store
B: save
C: obtain
D: review
A: store
B: save
C: obtain
D: review
共用题干
The Greatest Mystery of Wha1eg
The whale is a warm一blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them一and,
like all mammals,originated on land. There are many__________(51)of this. Its front flippers (鳍状肢）,
used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.
Immense strength is________(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a
whale',body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale'S pulling strength has been estimated________.(53)
400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed（拖）。whaling vessel for seven hours at the
_______(54)of eight knot（节）.
An angry whale will________(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,
________(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century.More recently,steel ships
have_(57)their plates buckled（使弯曲）in the same way. Sperm whales（抹香鲸）were known
to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest________(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom for
his________(59)food,the octopus（章鱼）,In that search he is known to go as far down as 3 , 200 feet,
where the________(60)is 1,400 pounds,to a square inch.Doing so he will________(61)underwa-
ter as long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough________(62)(all
whales are air-breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have not
_________(63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special________(64)of blood
vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort
of a compensating mechanism that_________(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you
can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work.
_________(54)
A: number
B: degree
C: distance
D: rate
The Greatest Mystery of Wha1eg
The whale is a warm一blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them一and,
like all mammals,originated on land. There are many__________(51)of this. Its front flippers (鳍状肢）,
used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.
Immense strength is________(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a
whale',body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale'S pulling strength has been estimated________.(53)
400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed（拖）。whaling vessel for seven hours at the
_______(54)of eight knot（节）.
An angry whale will________(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,
________(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century.More recently,steel ships
have_(57)their plates buckled（使弯曲）in the same way. Sperm whales（抹香鲸）were known
to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest________(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom for
his________(59)food,the octopus（章鱼）,In that search he is known to go as far down as 3 , 200 feet,
where the________(60)is 1,400 pounds,to a square inch.Doing so he will________(61)underwa-
ter as long as one hour. Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough________(62)(all
whales are air-breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have not
_________(63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special________(64)of blood
vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort
of a compensating mechanism that_________(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you
can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work.
_________(54)
A: number
B: degree
C: distance
D: rate
If the symptoms persist,consult your doctor.
A:insist
B:persevere
C:continue
D:resist
A:insist
B:persevere
C:continue
D:resist
Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job
John Harrison has what must be the most wanted job in the United States. He’s the official taster for Edy’s Grand Ice Cream, one of the nation’s best-selling brands. Harrison’s taste buds are insured for $1 million. ___1___ And when he isn’t doing that, he travels, buying Edy’s in supermarkets all over the country so that he can check for perfect appearance, texture, and flavor.
After I interviewed Harrison, I realized that the life of an ice cream taster isn’t all Cookies ’n Cream — a flavor that* he invented, by the way. No, it’s extremely hard work, which requires discipline and selflessness.
For one thing, he doesn’t swallow on the job. Like a coffee taster, Harrison spits. Using a gold spoon to avoid “off” flavors, he takes a small bite and moves it around in his mouth to introduce it to all 9,000 or so taste buds. ___2___ Then he breathes in gently to bring the aroma up through the back of his nose. Each step helps Harrison evaluate whether the ice cream has a good balance of dairy, sweetness, and added ingredients 一 the three-flavor components of ice cream. Then, even if the ice cream tastes heavenly, he puts it into a trash can. A full stomach makes it, impossible to judge the quality of the flavors.
During the workweek, Harrison told me that he has to make other sacrifices, too: no onions, garlic, or spicy food, and no caffeine. Caffeine will block the taste buds, he says, so his breakfast is a cup of herbal tea. ___3___
Harrison’s family has been in the ice cream business in one way or another1 for four generations, so Harrison has spent his entire life with it2. However, he has never lost his love for its cold, creamy sweetness. ___4___ On these occasions3, he does swallow, and he eats about a quart (0.95 liters) each week. By comparison4, the average person in the United States eats 23.2 quarts (21. 96 liters) of ice cream and other frozen dairy products each year.
Edy’s ice cream is available in dozens of flavors. So what flavor does the best-trained ice-cream taster in the country prefer? Vanilla! In fact, vanilla is the best-selling variety in the United States. ___5___ “It’s a very complex flavor,” Harrison says.
词汇：
taste bud 味蕾
texture /'tekst/a/ n. 质地
aroma / 'r um / n. 芳香
vanilla /v 'ml / n. 香草
注释：
1.in one way or another：以某种方式,用这样或那样的方式
2.has spent his entire life with it：为此他已付出一生。spend.…with sth.：花（时间等）在某事上
3.on these occasions：在这种场合下
4.by comparison：相比之下
练习：
AHowever, you should never call it plain vanilla.
BHe even orders ice cream in restaurants for dessert.
CNext he smack-smack-smacks his lips to get some air into the sample.
DThis is a small price to pay for what he calls the world’s best job.
EIn his younger days, he would help out at the ice cream factory his uncle owned.
FHe gets to sample 60 ice creams a day at Edy’s headquarters in Oakland, California.
John Harrison has what must be the most wanted job in the United States. He’s the official taster for Edy’s Grand Ice Cream, one of the nation’s best-selling brands. Harrison’s taste buds are insured for $1 million. ___1___ And when he isn’t doing that, he travels, buying Edy’s in supermarkets all over the country so that he can check for perfect appearance, texture, and flavor.
After I interviewed Harrison, I realized that the life of an ice cream taster isn’t all Cookies ’n Cream — a flavor that* he invented, by the way. No, it’s extremely hard work, which requires discipline and selflessness.
For one thing, he doesn’t swallow on the job. Like a coffee taster, Harrison spits. Using a gold spoon to avoid “off” flavors, he takes a small bite and moves it around in his mouth to introduce it to all 9,000 or so taste buds. ___2___ Then he breathes in gently to bring the aroma up through the back of his nose. Each step helps Harrison evaluate whether the ice cream has a good balance of dairy, sweetness, and added ingredients 一 the three-flavor components of ice cream. Then, even if the ice cream tastes heavenly, he puts it into a trash can. A full stomach makes it, impossible to judge the quality of the flavors.
During the workweek, Harrison told me that he has to make other sacrifices, too: no onions, garlic, or spicy food, and no caffeine. Caffeine will block the taste buds, he says, so his breakfast is a cup of herbal tea. ___3___
Harrison’s family has been in the ice cream business in one way or another1 for four generations, so Harrison has spent his entire life with it2. However, he has never lost his love for its cold, creamy sweetness. ___4___ On these occasions3, he does swallow, and he eats about a quart (0.95 liters) each week. By comparison4, the average person in the United States eats 23.2 quarts (21. 96 liters) of ice cream and other frozen dairy products each year.
Edy’s ice cream is available in dozens of flavors. So what flavor does the best-trained ice-cream taster in the country prefer? Vanilla! In fact, vanilla is the best-selling variety in the United States. ___5___ “It’s a very complex flavor,” Harrison says.
词汇：
taste bud 味蕾
texture /'tekst/a/ n. 质地
aroma / 'r um / n. 芳香
vanilla /v 'ml / n. 香草
注释：
1.in one way or another：以某种方式,用这样或那样的方式
2.has spent his entire life with it：为此他已付出一生。spend.…with sth.：花（时间等）在某事上
3.on these occasions：在这种场合下
4.by comparison：相比之下
练习：
AHowever, you should never call it plain vanilla.
BHe even orders ice cream in restaurants for dessert.
CNext he smack-smack-smacks his lips to get some air into the sample.
DThis is a small price to pay for what he calls the world’s best job.
EIn his younger days, he would help out at the ice cream factory his uncle owned.
FHe gets to sample 60 ice creams a day at Edy’s headquarters in Oakland, California.
共用题干
Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-flu
1 If a super-flu strikes,face masks may not protect you.Whether widespread use of masks will help,or
harm,during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously.No results
have come from their mask research yet.However,the government says people should consider wearing them
in certain situations anyway,just in case.
2 But it's a question the public keeps asking while the governments are making preparations for the
next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) came up with（提出）prelimi-
nary guidelines（初步指导方针）." We don ' t want people wearing them everywhere , " said the CDC. " The
overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure."
3 When that's not possible,the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in
one of the three following situations.First,you're healthy and can't avoid going to a crowded place.Second,
you're sick and think you may have close contact with the healthy,such as a family member checking on
you.Third,you live with someone who's sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection,but still need
to go out.
4 Influenza pandemic can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never
have experienced.Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive,although concern is rising
that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person.
5 During the flu pandemic,you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds,and avoid close contact with the
sick unless you must care for someone.Why aren't masks added to this self-protection list?Because they can
help trap virus-laden（含有病毒的、充满细菌的）droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze.
Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets.Besides,the CDC is afraid masks may create a false
sense of security.Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on
the subway instead.
6 Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand,then tou-
ches a doorknob or subway pole.If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or
mouth,you've been exposed.It's harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get
pretty sweaty under masks.You reach under to wipe that sweat,and may transfer germs caught on the outside
of the mask straight to the nose.These are the problems face masks may create for their users.
7 Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question.The general public has
to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing.
Paragraph 6_______________
A:Reasons for Excluding Masks From the Self-protection List
B:Effort to Stop Flu From Spreading
C:When to Use Face Masks
D:Guideline on Mask Use
E:Warnings From the CDC
F:Danger of Infection Through Germy Hands and Masks
Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-flu
1 If a super-flu strikes,face masks may not protect you.Whether widespread use of masks will help,or
harm,during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously.No results
have come from their mask research yet.However,the government says people should consider wearing them
in certain situations anyway,just in case.
2 But it's a question the public keeps asking while the governments are making preparations for the
next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) came up with（提出）prelimi-
nary guidelines（初步指导方针）." We don ' t want people wearing them everywhere , " said the CDC. " The
overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure."
3 When that's not possible,the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in
one of the three following situations.First,you're healthy and can't avoid going to a crowded place.Second,
you're sick and think you may have close contact with the healthy,such as a family member checking on
you.Third,you live with someone who's sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection,but still need
to go out.
4 Influenza pandemic can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never
have experienced.Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive,although concern is rising
that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person.
5 During the flu pandemic,you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds,and avoid close contact with the
sick unless you must care for someone.Why aren't masks added to this self-protection list?Because they can
help trap virus-laden（含有病毒的、充满细菌的）droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze.
Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets.Besides,the CDC is afraid masks may create a false
sense of security.Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on
the subway instead.
6 Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand,then tou-
ches a doorknob or subway pole.If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or
mouth,you've been exposed.It's harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get
pretty sweaty under masks.You reach under to wipe that sweat,and may transfer germs caught on the outside
of the mask straight to the nose.These are the problems face masks may create for their users.
7 Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question.The general public has
to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing.
Paragraph 6_______________
A:Reasons for Excluding Masks From the Self-protection List
B:Effort to Stop Flu From Spreading
C:When to Use Face Masks
D:Guideline on Mask Use
E:Warnings From the CDC
F:Danger of Infection Through Germy Hands and Masks
共用题干
The Smog（烟雾）
For over a month,lndonesia was in crisis.Forest fires raged out of control as the
country suffered its worst drought for 50 years.Smoke from the fires mixed with sunlight and
hot dry air to form a cloud of smog.This pollution quickly spread and within days it was
hanging over neighbouring countries including Malaysia,Singapore and Thailand.
When the smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars,it soon became
poisonous（有毒的）.Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and
pollution levels rose. People wheezed（喘息）and coughed as they left the house and their
eyes watered immediately.
The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as
grey soot（烟灰）covered everything. In some areas, water was hosed（用胶管浇）from
high-rise city buildings to try and break up the smog.
Finally,heavy rains,which came in November,put out the fires and cleared the air.
But the environmental costs and health problems will remain.Many people from South-
Eastern Asian cities already suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fumes（汽车
排放的废气）and factory pollution. Breathing problems could well increase and many non-
sufferers may have difficulties for the first time.Wildlife has suffered too.In lowland forests,elephants,deer,and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog.
But smog is not just an Asian problem.In fact,the word was first used in London in
1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog.Fog often hung over the capital.
Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing
problems or in accidents.About 4, 000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick
smog in 1952.
The forest animals haven't been affected by the smog.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
The Smog（烟雾）
For over a month,lndonesia was in crisis.Forest fires raged out of control as the
country suffered its worst drought for 50 years.Smoke from the fires mixed with sunlight and
hot dry air to form a cloud of smog.This pollution quickly spread and within days it was
hanging over neighbouring countries including Malaysia,Singapore and Thailand.
When the smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars,it soon became
poisonous（有毒的）.Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and
pollution levels rose. People wheezed（喘息）and coughed as they left the house and their
eyes watered immediately.
The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as
grey soot（烟灰）covered everything. In some areas, water was hosed（用胶管浇）from
high-rise city buildings to try and break up the smog.
Finally,heavy rains,which came in November,put out the fires and cleared the air.
But the environmental costs and health problems will remain.Many people from South-
Eastern Asian cities already suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fumes（汽车
排放的废气）and factory pollution. Breathing problems could well increase and many non-
sufferers may have difficulties for the first time.Wildlife has suffered too.In lowland forests,elephants,deer,and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog.
But smog is not just an Asian problem.In fact,the word was first used in London in
1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog.Fog often hung over the capital.
Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing
problems or in accidents.About 4, 000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick
smog in 1952.
The forest animals haven't been affected by the smog.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.
A: fair
B: full
C: coexisting
D: public
A: fair
B: full
C: coexisting
D: public