共用题干
A Minor Microsurgery Last year,Sean Martinovich,from Whitianga,had life-saving surgery when a golf-sized tumor was removed from his brain stem.But the operation left half his face paralysed.He talked with a slur,sometimes dribbled（流 口水）out of the side of his mouth and could not close his eye properly.Although he could run around with the other boys in the playground,when they laughed he could not laugh with them.Without a smile,he could suffer psychologically and emotionally. Last week,6-year-old Sean had seven hours of microsurgery that should give him back his smile.Doctor Bartlett removed a nerve from the back of one of Sean's legs and transplanted it into his face.On the normal side of his face the nerve divides into lots of little branches."We'll cut those nerve branches and then we'll take a nerve graft from one leg and tunnel it across his face from one side to the other and join that on to the nerve that' s been cut on the good side of his face."Doctor Bartlett said before the operation."If this was not fixed he conld face physical and emotional problems as he got older,"Doctor Bartlett said."Socially people can become quite withdrawn because of the face paralysis.It's easy for people,especially children,to become rather emotionless because they prefer the flatness of no movement on either side to the weirdness of an asymmetry of smiling on one side and having this twisted face." Sean is not smiling yet.Over the next six months the nerves will grow across the face to the damaged side and after that movement will hopefully come back.Sean's parents,Steve and Wendy Martinovich,said they had been through a year of hell.But their son was a determined boy who just got on with it,said Mrs Martinovich.They are amazed at the technology that they hope will restore the cheeky smile they love so much.For Doctor Bartlett the microsurgery is almost routine.For Sean's parents,it is a miracle.
Why?
A:Because he may not want others to see the weirdness of an asymmetry of smiling on one side,sohe will choose to withdraw.
B:Because other children will be scared to see his face.
C:Because he will be through time of hell.
D:Because other children will refuse to talk or play with him.
A Minor Microsurgery Last year,Sean Martinovich,from Whitianga,had life-saving surgery when a golf-sized tumor was removed from his brain stem.But the operation left half his face paralysed.He talked with a slur,sometimes dribbled（流 口水）out of the side of his mouth and could not close his eye properly.Although he could run around with the other boys in the playground,when they laughed he could not laugh with them.Without a smile,he could suffer psychologically and emotionally. Last week,6-year-old Sean had seven hours of microsurgery that should give him back his smile.Doctor Bartlett removed a nerve from the back of one of Sean's legs and transplanted it into his face.On the normal side of his face the nerve divides into lots of little branches."We'll cut those nerve branches and then we'll take a nerve graft from one leg and tunnel it across his face from one side to the other and join that on to the nerve that' s been cut on the good side of his face."Doctor Bartlett said before the operation."If this was not fixed he conld face physical and emotional problems as he got older,"Doctor Bartlett said."Socially people can become quite withdrawn because of the face paralysis.It's easy for people,especially children,to become rather emotionless because they prefer the flatness of no movement on either side to the weirdness of an asymmetry of smiling on one side and having this twisted face." Sean is not smiling yet.Over the next six months the nerves will grow across the face to the damaged side and after that movement will hopefully come back.Sean's parents,Steve and Wendy Martinovich,said they had been through a year of hell.But their son was a determined boy who just got on with it,said Mrs Martinovich.They are amazed at the technology that they hope will restore the cheeky smile they love so much.For Doctor Bartlett the microsurgery is almost routine.For Sean's parents,it is a miracle.
Why?
A:Because he may not want others to see the weirdness of an asymmetry of smiling on one side,sohe will choose to withdraw.
B:Because other children will be scared to see his face.
C:Because he will be through time of hell.
D:Because other children will refuse to talk or play with him.
共用题干
第一篇
irradiating（照射）fruits, vegetable, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so.Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb,is being reviewed.Federal approval dose not require that industry adopt the process,and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.
Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated food may cause cancer,despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated food.Some people argue that more severe government inspection,higher food-safety standards,and more careful food-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe.Consequently,companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting（配备）processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.
All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label that food either directly on the packaging or in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors,nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.
Presently,the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation一gamma rays,highenergy electrons,and X-rays,and sets limits on doses（辐射量）depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it.Different types of food,because of their different molecular（分子）compositions,may require different doses of radiation.
According to the passage,killing insets and bacteria present in food by irradiating_________.
A:has been completely approved by the FDA
B:is being reviewed by the FDA
C:is not completely approved by the U.S. government
D:has been widely adopted in the U.S.
第一篇
irradiating（照射）fruits, vegetable, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so.Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb,is being reviewed.Federal approval dose not require that industry adopt the process,and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.
Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated food may cause cancer,despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated food.Some people argue that more severe government inspection,higher food-safety standards,and more careful food-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe.Consequently,companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting（配备）processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.
All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label that food either directly on the packaging or in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors,nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.
Presently,the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation一gamma rays,highenergy electrons,and X-rays,and sets limits on doses（辐射量）depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it.Different types of food,because of their different molecular（分子）compositions,may require different doses of radiation.
According to the passage,killing insets and bacteria present in food by irradiating_________.
A:has been completely approved by the FDA
B:is being reviewed by the FDA
C:is not completely approved by the U.S. government
D:has been widely adopted in the U.S.
Chinese citizens over the age of 18 are eligible to vote.
A:encouraged
B:enforced
C:expected
D:entitled
A:encouraged
B:enforced
C:expected
D:entitled
共用题干
Malnutrition
"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr.Hiroshi Na-kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of the
World Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Italy,from 1 3 to 17 November,1996.
"At the same time,"he added,"in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 million children under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figures represent deprivation, suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs, they demand a response,both from national governments and from international community."
At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries had one under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutrition in Rome in December 1992.The global situation,however,remains grim.Over 800 million people around the world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein,more than 2 ,000 million people lack essential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanced diets.
In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency.Mainly women of reproduction' age and children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developing countries.Among various regions in the world,it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching 80% in some countries.Tn infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output.
It also leads to increased accidents at work.
While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best.Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron-and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,particularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most common approach,particularly for pregnant women.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a remedy for iron deficiency?
A:Eating iron-rich foods.
B:Avoiding drinking tea with meals.
C:Drinking coffee soon after meals.
D:Eating foods of animal origin.
Malnutrition
"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr.Hiroshi Na-kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of the
World Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Italy,from 1 3 to 17 November,1996.
"At the same time,"he added,"in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 million children under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figures represent deprivation, suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs, they demand a response,both from national governments and from international community."
At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries had one under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutrition in Rome in December 1992.The global situation,however,remains grim.Over 800 million people around the world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein,more than 2 ,000 million people lack essential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanced diets.
In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency.Mainly women of reproduction' age and children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developing countries.Among various regions in the world,it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching 80% in some countries.Tn infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output.
It also leads to increased accidents at work.
While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best.Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron-and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,particularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most common approach,particularly for pregnant women.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a remedy for iron deficiency?
A:Eating iron-rich foods.
B:Avoiding drinking tea with meals.
C:Drinking coffee soon after meals.
D:Eating foods of animal origin.
共用题干
Energy Cycle
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're“hot”.That's true .The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak .For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar monologues as:“Get up,John!You'll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit to it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway .Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy .Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before .Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
If a person finds getting up early a problem,most probably______.
A: he is a lazy person
B: he refuses to follow his own cycle
C: he is not sure when his energy is low
D: he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
Energy Cycle
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful?This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're“hot”.That's true .The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak .For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads to such familiar monologues as:“Get up,John!You'll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit to it better. Habit can help,Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway .Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day,rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle,but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy .Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before .Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
If a person finds getting up early a problem,most probably______.
A: he is a lazy person
B: he refuses to follow his own cycle
C: he is not sure when his energy is low
D: he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
共用题干
Sleep
Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle .There are several different stages of sleep,and they too occur in cycles.______(46)
When you first drift off into slumber,your eyes will roll about a bit,your temperature will drop slightly,your muscles will relax,and your breathing will slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too,with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes.______(47)
For the next half hour or so,as you relax more and more,you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep.______(48)
Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all.Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm.
This is stage 4 sleep.You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long,but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber,your brain activity level will increase again slightly. ______(49)
Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were loo-king at something occurring in front of you.______(50)
It is during REM sleep period,your body will soon relax again,your breathing will grow slow and regular once more,and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep-only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.
______(50)
A: The delta rhythm will disappear,to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves.
B: If you are an average sleeper,your sleep cycle is as follows.
C: In stage 4 sleep people tend to dream.
D: The lower your stage of sleep,the slower your brain waves will be.
E: This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep.
F: This is called stage 1 sleep.
Sleep
Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle .There are several different stages of sleep,and they too occur in cycles.______(46)
When you first drift off into slumber,your eyes will roll about a bit,your temperature will drop slightly,your muscles will relax,and your breathing will slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too,with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes.______(47)
For the next half hour or so,as you relax more and more,you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep.______(48)
Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all.Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm.
This is stage 4 sleep.You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long,but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber,your brain activity level will increase again slightly. ______(49)
Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were loo-king at something occurring in front of you.______(50)
It is during REM sleep period,your body will soon relax again,your breathing will grow slow and regular once more,and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep-only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.
______(50)
A: The delta rhythm will disappear,to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves.
B: If you are an average sleeper,your sleep cycle is as follows.
C: In stage 4 sleep people tend to dream.
D: The lower your stage of sleep,the slower your brain waves will be.
E: This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep.
F: This is called stage 1 sleep.
共用题干
第二篇
The Book of Life
So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species（物种）,and that's just a small part of
what probably exists on Earth.With so many plants,animals,and other creatures covering the planet,it can
be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.
A soon-to-be-launched Web site mighit help. An international team of researchers has announced the
creation of a Web-based Encyclopedia（百科全书）of Life(EoL).The project aims to catalog every species
on Earth in a single,easy-to-use referenice guide.
To get the encyclopedia started,the creators will use information from scientific databases（数据库）that
already exist. And eventually , in special sections of the site , nonscientists with specialized（专门的）
knowledge will get to join in Bird-watchers,for example,will be able to input which birds they'ye seen and
where.The technology for this kind of tool has only recently become available.
As the EoL develops,you might find it useful for school projects.The site will feature special pages for
kids who are studying ecosystems（生态系统）in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is
accurate,scientists will review much of the information added to it.People who visit the site will be able to
choose to leave out pages that haven't been reviewed.
Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you'11 be able to pick the level of detail you see to match
your interests,age,and current knowledge.If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report,for
example,you could use the"novice"setting to get basic information about the animals.On the"expert"
setting,on the other hand,you could get much more detailed information about the history,literature,and
exploration of bears.
It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.The
creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed that process.
At the starting stage the EoL will get information from________.
A:all the Web sites available
B:the existing scientific databases
C:databases built up by its creators
D:nonscientists with specialized knowledge
第二篇
The Book of Life
So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species（物种）,and that's just a small part of
what probably exists on Earth.With so many plants,animals,and other creatures covering the planet,it can
be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.
A soon-to-be-launched Web site mighit help. An international team of researchers has announced the
creation of a Web-based Encyclopedia（百科全书）of Life(EoL).The project aims to catalog every species
on Earth in a single,easy-to-use referenice guide.
To get the encyclopedia started,the creators will use information from scientific databases（数据库）that
already exist. And eventually , in special sections of the site , nonscientists with specialized（专门的）
knowledge will get to join in Bird-watchers,for example,will be able to input which birds they'ye seen and
where.The technology for this kind of tool has only recently become available.
As the EoL develops,you might find it useful for school projects.The site will feature special pages for
kids who are studying ecosystems（生态系统）in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is
accurate,scientists will review much of the information added to it.People who visit the site will be able to
choose to leave out pages that haven't been reviewed.
Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you'11 be able to pick the level of detail you see to match
your interests,age,and current knowledge.If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report,for
example,you could use the"novice"setting to get basic information about the animals.On the"expert"
setting,on the other hand,you could get much more detailed information about the history,literature,and
exploration of bears.
It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.The
creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed that process.
At the starting stage the EoL will get information from________.
A:all the Web sites available
B:the existing scientific databases
C:databases built up by its creators
D:nonscientists with specialized knowledge
共用题干
第三篇
Houses in 18th Century North America
Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional,carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages.During the first half of the eighteenth century,however,houses began to show a new elegance.As wealth increased, more and more colonists built fine houses.
Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies,the design of buildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England.Inventories of colonial libraries show an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders,and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence.Nevertheless,most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.
Increasing wealth and growing sophistication throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design,whether the material was wood,stone or brick.New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of store,but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent area was stone widely used in dwellings.An increased use of brick in houses and outbuildings is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland,but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners.In the Carolinas,even in closely packed Charleston,wooden houses were much more common than brick.
Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvement over their predecessors.Windows were made larger and shutters removed.Large,clear panes replaced the small leaded glass of the seventeenth century.Doorways were larger and more decorative.Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms.Walls were made of plaster or wood,sometimes elaborately paneled.White paint began to take the place of blues,yellows,greens,and lead colors,which had been popular for walls in the earlier years.After about 1730,advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.
Where were wood houses less common?
A:Virginia.
B:Pennsylvania.
C:Boston.
D:Charleston.
第三篇
Houses in 18th Century North America
Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional,carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages.During the first half of the eighteenth century,however,houses began to show a new elegance.As wealth increased, more and more colonists built fine houses.
Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies,the design of buildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England.Inventories of colonial libraries show an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders,and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence.Nevertheless,most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.
Increasing wealth and growing sophistication throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design,whether the material was wood,stone or brick.New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of store,but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent area was stone widely used in dwellings.An increased use of brick in houses and outbuildings is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland,but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners.In the Carolinas,even in closely packed Charleston,wooden houses were much more common than brick.
Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvement over their predecessors.Windows were made larger and shutters removed.Large,clear panes replaced the small leaded glass of the seventeenth century.Doorways were larger and more decorative.Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms.Walls were made of plaster or wood,sometimes elaborately paneled.White paint began to take the place of blues,yellows,greens,and lead colors,which had been popular for walls in the earlier years.After about 1730,advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.
Where were wood houses less common?
A:Virginia.
B:Pennsylvania.
C:Boston.
D:Charleston.
共用题干
Computer Mouse The basic computer mouse is______(51)amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive.Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting , drawing , and even scrolling（滚动）on the page with the newer mice with the wheel.Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it______(52)until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to______(53)it.We learn to point at things______(54)we learn to speak,so the mouse is a very natural pointing device.Other computer pointing devices include light pens,graphics tablets and touch screens,but the mouse is still our workhorse. The computer mouse was_____(55)in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University.As computer screens became more popalar and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text,it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful.The introduction of the mouse,with the Apple lisa computer in 1983,really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse_____(56)routine computer tasks. How does the mouse work?We have to start at the bottom,so think upside down for now.It all starts with the mouse ball.As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad,it presses against and turns two shafts（轴）.The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them.The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices______(57) light-emitting diodes(LED)mounted on either side.One LED sends a light beam to the LED on______(58)side.As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by,the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side.But a moment______(59)the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place.The LED______(60)a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern______(61)an electronic signal,and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body.This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name.The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer______(62). So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that______(63)of you probably have or have used.One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt.______(64)you have to clean your mouse.The newer optical mice______(65)this problem by having no moving parts.
57._________
A:called
B:said
C:spoken
D:told
Computer Mouse The basic computer mouse is______(51)amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive.Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting , drawing , and even scrolling（滚动）on the page with the newer mice with the wheel.Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it______(52)until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to______(53)it.We learn to point at things______(54)we learn to speak,so the mouse is a very natural pointing device.Other computer pointing devices include light pens,graphics tablets and touch screens,but the mouse is still our workhorse. The computer mouse was_____(55)in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University.As computer screens became more popalar and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text,it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful.The introduction of the mouse,with the Apple lisa computer in 1983,really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse_____(56)routine computer tasks. How does the mouse work?We have to start at the bottom,so think upside down for now.It all starts with the mouse ball.As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad,it presses against and turns two shafts（轴）.The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them.The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices______(57) light-emitting diodes(LED)mounted on either side.One LED sends a light beam to the LED on______(58)side.As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by,the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side.But a moment______(59)the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place.The LED______(60)a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern______(61)an electronic signal,and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body.This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name.The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer______(62). So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that______(63)of you probably have or have used.One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt.______(64)you have to clean your mouse.The newer optical mice______(65)this problem by having no moving parts.
57._________
A:called
B:said
C:spoken
D:told
共用题干
Ha!The Sdence of When We Laugh and Why
It's certainly possible to over-analyze a joke._______(46)Considering the abundant research on the topic,maybe not.
Scott Weems,a neuroscientist,takes readers on a wide-ranging tour that explains what humor is and why readers should care.______(47)Humor improves interpersonal relationships,and studies show that simply watching a funny movie can lower stress,improve immune system response and even help viewers better solve problems.
The complexity of the human brain makes humor possible,Weems argues,and it also helps explain how some people can find a joke hilarious while others deem it grossly offensive.
Humor takes many forms-as many as 44 by one researcher's count-but shares certain traits and themes.From puns and riddles to slapstick（打闹剧）,humor is inherently subversive , Weems says , often treating serious subjects with frivolity（轻浮）or even rudeness.______(48) Ha ! Isn ' t a self-help guide to being funny , though a careful reader can find useful nuggets（块金） throughout?______( 49 ) Surprise helps , too , whether it ' s the incongruity（不协调）of an elephant hiding in a cherry tree or the absolute improbability of Raquel Welch and the pope ending up in the same lifeboat.
The final chapter divulges（透露）Weems's semi-successful attempt at stand-up comedy.He got a few laughs,he says,but not where he expected them. ______(50)The joke that got Weems the most laughs,and judged by one website's readers as the best in the world,is a story that he had practiced many dozens,maybe hundreds,of times.
_______(48)
A:Prisoners of war and others in dire situations,for instance,often turn to dark humor.
B:It turns out that humor influences health and social well-being in many ways.
C:The funniest jokes carry a little edginess（急躁）,but not too much.
D:But can the same be said for humor as a whole?
E:Maybe practice does make perfect.
F:Laughter is the bridge between dreams and reason,and ev6ry good bridge needs abutments.
Ha!The Sdence of When We Laugh and Why
It's certainly possible to over-analyze a joke._______(46)Considering the abundant research on the topic,maybe not.
Scott Weems,a neuroscientist,takes readers on a wide-ranging tour that explains what humor is and why readers should care.______(47)Humor improves interpersonal relationships,and studies show that simply watching a funny movie can lower stress,improve immune system response and even help viewers better solve problems.
The complexity of the human brain makes humor possible,Weems argues,and it also helps explain how some people can find a joke hilarious while others deem it grossly offensive.
Humor takes many forms-as many as 44 by one researcher's count-but shares certain traits and themes.From puns and riddles to slapstick（打闹剧）,humor is inherently subversive , Weems says , often treating serious subjects with frivolity（轻浮）or even rudeness.______(48) Ha ! Isn ' t a self-help guide to being funny , though a careful reader can find useful nuggets（块金） throughout?______( 49 ) Surprise helps , too , whether it ' s the incongruity（不协调）of an elephant hiding in a cherry tree or the absolute improbability of Raquel Welch and the pope ending up in the same lifeboat.
The final chapter divulges（透露）Weems's semi-successful attempt at stand-up comedy.He got a few laughs,he says,but not where he expected them. ______(50)The joke that got Weems the most laughs,and judged by one website's readers as the best in the world,is a story that he had practiced many dozens,maybe hundreds,of times.
_______(48)
A:Prisoners of war and others in dire situations,for instance,often turn to dark humor.
B:It turns out that humor influences health and social well-being in many ways.
C:The funniest jokes carry a little edginess（急躁）,but not too much.
D:But can the same be said for humor as a whole?
E:Maybe practice does make perfect.
F:Laughter is the bridge between dreams and reason,and ev6ry good bridge needs abutments.
共用题干
The Differences Among Various Types of Adoption
In the US,there is a difference between public and private adoption.Public adoption typically involves taking _________ (51) foster（收养的）children and then adopting them after several months.It's significantly less expensive than private or international adoption,but more often than not_______(52)adopting children who are older than 5 or who have_______(53)needs.
Private adoptions offer a better chance of adopting newborns,and increasingly,birth parents _______(54)the adoptive parents themselves.That's not a bad idea on its face,as it gives biological parents_______ (55)say in whom they will relinquish（放弃）their children. But this effectively puts_______(56)parents in the position of advertising themselves to birth parents in newspapers and online,_______(57)many couples feel uncomfortable with.
Most states allow birth parents to reclaim their children_______(58)the children have been placed with adoptive families,for time periods ranging from a few days in some states to several months in others.Critics of international adoption say this rarely happens.They are only_______ (59)right:it's true that American birth parents don't usually reclaim their children once they've been placed with their adoptive families,but they can and do_______(60)their minds before the papers are signed.
International adoption is more expensive than any form of domestic adoption,but in many ways, it is also more straightforward.The_______(61)of a birth parent calling the adoption_______ (62)are effectively zero and while costs are high,they're also determined at the_______(63) and tend not to change as the_______(64)wears on.
Couples seeking to adopt should consider all_______(65)and get a range of perspectives before deciding which method is best for them.
_________(63)
A:corner
B:moment
C:outset
D:time
The Differences Among Various Types of Adoption
In the US,there is a difference between public and private adoption.Public adoption typically involves taking _________ (51) foster（收养的）children and then adopting them after several months.It's significantly less expensive than private or international adoption,but more often than not_______(52)adopting children who are older than 5 or who have_______(53)needs.
Private adoptions offer a better chance of adopting newborns,and increasingly,birth parents _______(54)the adoptive parents themselves.That's not a bad idea on its face,as it gives biological parents_______ (55)say in whom they will relinquish（放弃）their children. But this effectively puts_______(56)parents in the position of advertising themselves to birth parents in newspapers and online,_______(57)many couples feel uncomfortable with.
Most states allow birth parents to reclaim their children_______(58)the children have been placed with adoptive families,for time periods ranging from a few days in some states to several months in others.Critics of international adoption say this rarely happens.They are only_______ (59)right:it's true that American birth parents don't usually reclaim their children once they've been placed with their adoptive families,but they can and do_______(60)their minds before the papers are signed.
International adoption is more expensive than any form of domestic adoption,but in many ways, it is also more straightforward.The_______(61)of a birth parent calling the adoption_______ (62)are effectively zero and while costs are high,they're also determined at the_______(63) and tend not to change as the_______(64)wears on.
Couples seeking to adopt should consider all_______(65)and get a range of perspectives before deciding which method is best for them.
_________(63)
A:corner
B:moment
C:outset
D:time
共用题干
Free Statins with Fast Food could Neutralize Heart Risk
Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of1so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food,researchers at Imperial College London 2in a new study.
Statins reduce the3of unhealthy“LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person's heart attack4.
In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology,Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is5to offset the increase in heart attack risk from6a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.
Dr Francis,from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London,who is the senior author of the study,said:“Statins don't cut out all of the7effects of cheeseburgers and French fries. It's better to avoid fatty food altogether. But we've worked out that in terms of your8of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same9 as a fast food meal increases it.”“It's ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condi-ments in fast food outlets as they10,but statins,which are beneficial to heart health,have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11 free of charge. It would cost less than 5 pence per/u>12一not much different to a sachet of sugar.”Dr Francis said.
When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking,they're encouraged to take13that lower their risk,like14a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.
Taking a statin is a rational way of15some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.
7._________
A: unhealthy
B: strong
C: different
D: doubtful
Free Statins with Fast Food could Neutralize Heart Risk
Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of1so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food,researchers at Imperial College London 2in a new study.
Statins reduce the3of unhealthy“LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person's heart attack4.
In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology,Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is5to offset the increase in heart attack risk from6a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.
Dr Francis,from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London,who is the senior author of the study,said:“Statins don't cut out all of the7effects of cheeseburgers and French fries. It's better to avoid fatty food altogether. But we've worked out that in terms of your8of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same9 as a fast food meal increases it.”“It's ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condi-ments in fast food outlets as they10,but statins,which are beneficial to heart health,have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11 free of charge. It would cost less than 5 pence per/u>12一not much different to a sachet of sugar.”Dr Francis said.
When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking,they're encouraged to take13that lower their risk,like14a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.
Taking a statin is a rational way of15some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.
7._________
A: unhealthy
B: strong
C: different
D: doubtful
共用题干
Influenza（流感）
Influenza has been with us a long time.According to some Greek writers_________(51)medical history,
the outbreak of 412 B.C.was of influenza. The same has been suggested of the sickness_________(52)swept
through the Greek army attacking Syracuse in 395 B.C.Influenza is a disease that moves most quickly among
people living in_________(53)conditions,hence,it is likely to attack armies.
__________(54)the nineteenth century there were five widespread outbreaks of influenza. The last of the
five________（55)in 1889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time.________(56)
the recent outbreak,it started in Asia.
For more than forty years before that outbreak,influenza had steadily_______(57)and was believed
to be dying out.A new group of outbreaks was_________(58)by the great outbreak of 1889-1890 and for the
next quarter of a century influenza remained a constant threat.
In April 1918 influenza broke out among American troops stationed in France.It quickly spread through
all the___________(59)but caused relatively few deaths.Four months later,however,a second outbreak started
which__________(60)to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also healthy young adults.
It________(61)through every country in the world,only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the
Pacific remaining_________(62).It brought the life of whole countries to stop,food_________(63)stopped
and work loss was very great.Before the great outbreak ended,it had killed at_______(64)15 million
people.Thereafter,there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world.It is thus__________(65)
that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.
_________(62)
A:uncounted
B:untouched
C:unused
D:unchanged
Influenza（流感）
Influenza has been with us a long time.According to some Greek writers_________(51)medical history,
the outbreak of 412 B.C.was of influenza. The same has been suggested of the sickness_________(52)swept
through the Greek army attacking Syracuse in 395 B.C.Influenza is a disease that moves most quickly among
people living in_________(53)conditions,hence,it is likely to attack armies.
__________(54)the nineteenth century there were five widespread outbreaks of influenza. The last of the
five________（55)in 1889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time.________(56)
the recent outbreak,it started in Asia.
For more than forty years before that outbreak,influenza had steadily_______(57)and was believed
to be dying out.A new group of outbreaks was_________(58)by the great outbreak of 1889-1890 and for the
next quarter of a century influenza remained a constant threat.
In April 1918 influenza broke out among American troops stationed in France.It quickly spread through
all the___________(59)but caused relatively few deaths.Four months later,however,a second outbreak started
which__________(60)to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also healthy young adults.
It________(61)through every country in the world,only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the
Pacific remaining_________(62).It brought the life of whole countries to stop,food_________(63)stopped
and work loss was very great.Before the great outbreak ended,it had killed at_______(64)15 million
people.Thereafter,there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world.It is thus__________(65)
that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.
_________(62)
A:uncounted
B:untouched
C:unused
D:unchanged
共用题干
Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated
Do people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the
mad scientist changed?The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of
a physics"boffin"（科学家）still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The
people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible
suspects.98 percent of those asked got it wrong.The majority of people picked a white
male of around 60,wearing glasses and with a white beard.
While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago,
the reality is now very different. Since 1 960 the number of young women entering physics
has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.
The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media
and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by
blackboards full of equations（等式）or working with fizzing（嘶嘶响）test tubes. These
stereotypes are really damaging to society.Very good school children are put off studying
science because they don't see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing
science.They simply don't relate to the media's image of the mad scientist.
This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university.If
we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects,we need to change
this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive.But we must also
develop children's interest in science.
In an attempt to change this negative image,an increasing number of science festivals
are being organized.Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to
take part in nationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national
science Olympiads.Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the
International Science Olympiads which are held in a different country every year.These
events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small
proportion of students who are already interested in science.It seems that there is a long
way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion
and design.
The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated
Do people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the
mad scientist changed?The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of
a physics"boffin"（科学家）still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The
people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible
suspects.98 percent of those asked got it wrong.The majority of people picked a white
male of around 60,wearing glasses and with a white beard.
While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago,
the reality is now very different. Since 1 960 the number of young women entering physics
has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.
The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media
and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by
blackboards full of equations（等式）or working with fizzing（嘶嘶响）test tubes. These
stereotypes are really damaging to society.Very good school children are put off studying
science because they don't see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing
science.They simply don't relate to the media's image of the mad scientist.
This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university.If
we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects,we need to change
this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive.But we must also
develop children's interest in science.
In an attempt to change this negative image,an increasing number of science festivals
are being organized.Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to
take part in nationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national
science Olympiads.Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the
International Science Olympiads which are held in a different country every year.These
events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small
proportion of students who are already interested in science.It seems that there is a long
way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion
and design.
The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
The police arrested the suspect yesterday and released him this morning.
A:freed
B:relieved
C:kicked
D:liberated
A:freed
B:relieved
C:kicked
D:liberated