共用题干
Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills
American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation （延迟）.They found that developing musical skill involves the______(51)process in the brain as learning how to speak.The scientists believe that could______(52)children with learning disabilities.
Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois.She says musical training______(53)putting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music,looking at musical notes,touching an instrument and watching other musicians.This______(54)is not much different from learning how to speak.Both involve different senses.
She further explains musical training and learning to______(55)each make us think about what we are doing.She says speech and music______(56)through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem.The brain stem______(57)our ability to hear.Until recently,experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed.______(58)Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.
The study involved individuals with different levels of musical______(59).They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures______(60)activity.The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument-the cello（大提琴）.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar______(61)some of the sounds that are impor-tant with speech.The study found that the more years of training people had,the more______(62)they were to the sound and rhythm of the music.Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the______(63)of sensory events was the strongest.It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning______（64).She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they______(65)sentences and understand facial expressions better.
_________56
A:pass
B:use
C:look
D:put
Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills
American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation （延迟）.They found that developing musical skill involves the______(51)process in the brain as learning how to speak.The scientists believe that could______(52)children with learning disabilities.
Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois.She says musical training______(53)putting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music,looking at musical notes,touching an instrument and watching other musicians.This______(54)is not much different from learning how to speak.Both involve different senses.
She further explains musical training and learning to______(55)each make us think about what we are doing.She says speech and music______(56)through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem.The brain stem______(57)our ability to hear.Until recently,experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed.______(58)Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.
The study involved individuals with different levels of musical______(59).They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures______(60)activity.The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument-the cello（大提琴）.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar______(61)some of the sounds that are impor-tant with speech.The study found that the more years of training people had,the more______(62)they were to the sound and rhythm of the music.Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the______(63)of sensory events was the strongest.It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning______（64).She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they______(65)sentences and understand facial expressions better.
_________56
A:pass
B:use
C:look
D:put
共用题干
Are You Getting Enough Sleep?
What happens if you don't get enough sleep? Randy Gardner,a high school student in the United
States,wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessness for a school science
project. With doctors watching him carefully,Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours and 12 minutes.That's
eleven days and nights without sleep!
What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep,Gardner started having
trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry（模糊）.By the third day,
he was having trouble doing things with
his hands. By the fourth day, Gardner was hallucinating（产生幻
觉）.For example,when he saw a street sign,he thought it was a person.He also imagined he was a famous
football player. Over the next few days, Gardner's speech became so slurred（不清楚）that people couldn't
understand him.He also had trouble remembering things.By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn't pass a
counting test.In the middle of the test he simply stopped counting.He couldn't remember what he
was doing.
When Gardner finally went to bed,he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes.The second night he slept for
twelve hours,the third night he slept for ten and one-half hours,and by the fourth night,he had returned to
his normal sleep schedule.
Even though Gardner recovered quickly,scientists believe that going without sleep can be dangerous.
They say that people should not repeat Randy's experiment. Tests on white rats have shown how serious
sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without sleep, the rats started losing their fur（皮毛）.And even
though the rats ate more food than usual,they lost weight.Eventually the rats died.
During your lifetime,you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping.But why?What is the purpose
of sleep? Surprisingly,scientists don't know for sure.Some scientists think we sleep in order to
replenish（补充）brain cells. Other scientists think that sleep helps the body to grow and to relieve stress.
Whatever the reason,we know that it is important to get enough sleep.
Scientists are not sure why we need sleep.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Are You Getting Enough Sleep?
What happens if you don't get enough sleep? Randy Gardner,a high school student in the United
States,wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessness for a school science
project. With doctors watching him carefully,Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours and 12 minutes.That's
eleven days and nights without sleep!
What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep,Gardner started having
trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry（模糊）.By the third day,
he was having trouble doing things with
his hands. By the fourth day, Gardner was hallucinating（产生幻
觉）.For example,when he saw a street sign,he thought it was a person.He also imagined he was a famous
football player. Over the next few days, Gardner's speech became so slurred（不清楚）that people couldn't
understand him.He also had trouble remembering things.By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn't pass a
counting test.In the middle of the test he simply stopped counting.He couldn't remember what he
was doing.
When Gardner finally went to bed,he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes.The second night he slept for
twelve hours,the third night he slept for ten and one-half hours,and by the fourth night,he had returned to
his normal sleep schedule.
Even though Gardner recovered quickly,scientists believe that going without sleep can be dangerous.
They say that people should not repeat Randy's experiment. Tests on white rats have shown how serious
sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without sleep, the rats started losing their fur（皮毛）.And even
though the rats ate more food than usual,they lost weight.Eventually the rats died.
During your lifetime,you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping.But why?What is the purpose
of sleep? Surprisingly,scientists don't know for sure.Some scientists think we sleep in order to
replenish（补充）brain cells. Other scientists think that sleep helps the body to grow and to relieve stress.
Whatever the reason,we know that it is important to get enough sleep.
Scientists are not sure why we need sleep.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language.
A:particular
B:characteristic
C:remarkable
D:idiomatic
A:particular
B:characteristic
C:remarkable
D:idiomatic
共用题干
School Lunch
Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat_______(51)in the middle of the day.In Britain schools have to_______(52)meals at lunchtime.Children can_______(53)to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.
One shocking_______(54)of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents.There are strict_______(55)for the preparation of school meals,which have to include one_______(56)of fruit and one of vegetables,as well as meat,a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes_______(57)by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars.Children_______(58)twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime.
The research will provide a better_______(59)of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has_______(60)in the last decade.Unfortunately,the government cannot_______(61)parents,but it can remind them of the_______(62)value of milk,fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can_______(63)their future health,Children can easily develop bad eating_______(64)at this age,and parents are the only ones who can_______(65) it.
_________(54)
A:finding
B:number
C:figure
D:factor
School Lunch
Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat_______(51)in the middle of the day.In Britain schools have to_______(52)meals at lunchtime.Children can_______(53)to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.
One shocking_______(54)of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents.There are strict_______(55)for the preparation of school meals,which have to include one_______(56)of fruit and one of vegetables,as well as meat,a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes_______(57)by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars.Children_______(58)twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime.
The research will provide a better_______(59)of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has_______(60)in the last decade.Unfortunately,the government cannot_______(61)parents,but it can remind them of the_______(62)value of milk,fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can_______(63)their future health,Children can easily develop bad eating_______(64)at this age,and parents are the only ones who can_______(65) it.
_________(54)
A:finding
B:number
C:figure
D:factor
共用题干
第三篇
Compact Disks
If someone says to you your music CDs don't really hold any music on them,and they only have numbers recorded on them,you may not believe it.In fact,he is right in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers-a digital code.The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps（隆起）on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long.These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns（微米）wide.
A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns.The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back.This lets the CD player turn the reflected light back into the original code.This means you can hear the original code as music.
Digital codes are used with many technologies.E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers.Space probes （探测仪）communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes.Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems.Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes.Weather radios also tune in to specific signals using these codes.
There are many types of compact disks.One format is called CD-RWs.They can be recorded on and re-recorded on(rewritten on)as you would do with a floppy disk（软盘）.Another format is the CD-ROM.The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs.These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear.The clear and dark spots are the digital code.CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc-Read Only Memory.This disk is like a"super" floppy disk that can hold lots of information.One CD-ROM can hold the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks.Information is permanently recorded onto it.Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs.
CDs were first sold to the public in 1982.These CDs still play well and sound fine.Current CDs are expected to last between 70 to 200 years.Of course,you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them.
Science keeps on developing.It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented and introduced to the public for music recording.In the meantime,there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs and play your favorite computer games on CD-ROMs.
One of the differences between CD-RWs and CD-ROMs is______.
A:CD-ROMs can be used for a longer time
B:CD-ROMs cannot be rewritten on
C:CD-RWs hold more information
D:CD-RWs are merely used for music recording
第三篇
Compact Disks
If someone says to you your music CDs don't really hold any music on them,and they only have numbers recorded on them,you may not believe it.In fact,he is right in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers-a digital code.The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps（隆起）on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long.These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns（微米）wide.
A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns.The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back.This lets the CD player turn the reflected light back into the original code.This means you can hear the original code as music.
Digital codes are used with many technologies.E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers.Space probes （探测仪）communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes.Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems.Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes.Weather radios also tune in to specific signals using these codes.
There are many types of compact disks.One format is called CD-RWs.They can be recorded on and re-recorded on(rewritten on)as you would do with a floppy disk（软盘）.Another format is the CD-ROM.The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs.These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear.The clear and dark spots are the digital code.CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc-Read Only Memory.This disk is like a"super" floppy disk that can hold lots of information.One CD-ROM can hold the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks.Information is permanently recorded onto it.Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs.
CDs were first sold to the public in 1982.These CDs still play well and sound fine.Current CDs are expected to last between 70 to 200 years.Of course,you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them.
Science keeps on developing.It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented and introduced to the public for music recording.In the meantime,there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs and play your favorite computer games on CD-ROMs.
One of the differences between CD-RWs and CD-ROMs is______.
A:CD-ROMs can be used for a longer time
B:CD-ROMs cannot be rewritten on
C:CD-RWs hold more information
D:CD-RWs are merely used for music recording
共用题干
第二篇
Attitudes to AIDS Now
Most people say that the USA is making progress in fighting AIDS,but they don't know there's no cure
and strongly disagree that" the AIDS epidemic（流行）is over,"a new survey finds.
The findings,released Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foundation,reassure activists who have worried
that public concern about AIDS might disappear in light of recent news about advances in treatment and
declines in deaths.
"While people are very optimistic about the advances,they're still realistic about the fact that there is no
cure",says Sophia Chang,director of HIV programs at the foundation.
The Kaiser survey, like a recent USA TODAY Gallup Poll（民意测验）,does find that the number of
people ranking AIDS as the country's top health problem has fallen.In the Kaiser poll,38%say it's the top
concern,down from 44% in a 1996 poll;in the Gallup Poll,29% say AIDS is No.1,down from 41% in 1992
and 67% in 1987.
Other findings from Kaiser,which polled more than 1,200 adults in September and October and asked
additional questions of another 1,000 adults in November:
52% say the country is making progress against AIDS,up from 32%in 1995.
51% say the government spends too little on AIDS.
86% correctly say AIDS drugs can now lengthen lives;an equal number correctly say that the drugs are
not cures.
67% incorrectly say that AIDS deaths increased or stayed the same in the past year;24% know deaths
fell.
Daniel Zingale,director of AIDS Action Council,says,"I'm encouraged that the American people are
getting the message that the AIDS epidemic isn't over. I hope the decision-makers in Washington are getting
the same message... We have seen signs of complacency（得意）."
Before the findings released by the Kaiser Family Foundation,activists worried that________.
A:the Americans might not concern about AIDS any more
B:the government is too optimistic about the cure of AIDS
C:the deaths caused by AIDS may increase
D:scientists may not find cures for AIDS
第二篇
Attitudes to AIDS Now
Most people say that the USA is making progress in fighting AIDS,but they don't know there's no cure
and strongly disagree that" the AIDS epidemic（流行）is over,"a new survey finds.
The findings,released Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foundation,reassure activists who have worried
that public concern about AIDS might disappear in light of recent news about advances in treatment and
declines in deaths.
"While people are very optimistic about the advances,they're still realistic about the fact that there is no
cure",says Sophia Chang,director of HIV programs at the foundation.
The Kaiser survey, like a recent USA TODAY Gallup Poll（民意测验）,does find that the number of
people ranking AIDS as the country's top health problem has fallen.In the Kaiser poll,38%say it's the top
concern,down from 44% in a 1996 poll;in the Gallup Poll,29% say AIDS is No.1,down from 41% in 1992
and 67% in 1987.
Other findings from Kaiser,which polled more than 1,200 adults in September and October and asked
additional questions of another 1,000 adults in November:
52% say the country is making progress against AIDS,up from 32%in 1995.
51% say the government spends too little on AIDS.
86% correctly say AIDS drugs can now lengthen lives;an equal number correctly say that the drugs are
not cures.
67% incorrectly say that AIDS deaths increased or stayed the same in the past year;24% know deaths
fell.
Daniel Zingale,director of AIDS Action Council,says,"I'm encouraged that the American people are
getting the message that the AIDS epidemic isn't over. I hope the decision-makers in Washington are getting
the same message... We have seen signs of complacency（得意）."
Before the findings released by the Kaiser Family Foundation,activists worried that________.
A:the Americans might not concern about AIDS any more
B:the government is too optimistic about the cure of AIDS
C:the deaths caused by AIDS may increase
D:scientists may not find cures for AIDS
The Greatest of Victorian Engineers
In the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.
The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口)occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.
While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel's design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.
文章(16~22)
Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
In the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.
The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口)occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.
While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel's design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.
文章(16~22)
Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
共用题干
Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures
The vultures（秃鹰）in question may look ugly and threatening , but the sudden sharp decline in three
species of India'S vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration,and it presents the world with a new
kind of environmental problem.The dramatic__________(51)in vulture numbers is causing widespread
disruption to people living in the__________(52)areas as the birds.It is also causing serious public health
problems__________(53)the Indian sub-continent.
While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians,vultures have___________(54)
played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India___________(55).It is because they
feed on dead cows.In India,cows are sacred animals and are___________(56) left in the open when they
die in thousands upon thousands every year.
The disappearance of the vultures has___________(57)an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs
feeding on the remains of these___________(58)animals. There are fears that rabies（狂犬症）may increase as
a result. And this terrifying disease may ultimately（最终）affect humans in the region,___________(59)wild
dogs are its main carriers.Rabies could also spread to other animal species, __________(60)an even
greater problem in the future.
The need for action is___________(61),so an emergency project has been launched to find a solution
to this serious vulture problem?Scientists are trying to___________(62)the disease causing the birds'
deaths and,if possible,develop a cure.
Large-scale vulture___________(63)were first noticed at the end of the l980s in India. A population
survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined___________(64)over 90 per
cent. All three species are now listed as"critically endangered".As most vultures lay only single eggs and
___________(65)about five years to reach maturity,reversing their population decline will be a long and dif-
ficult exercise.
_________(54)
A:rarely
B:recently
C:seldom
D:long
Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures
The vultures（秃鹰）in question may look ugly and threatening , but the sudden sharp decline in three
species of India'S vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration,and it presents the world with a new
kind of environmental problem.The dramatic__________(51)in vulture numbers is causing widespread
disruption to people living in the__________(52)areas as the birds.It is also causing serious public health
problems__________(53)the Indian sub-continent.
While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians,vultures have___________(54)
played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India___________(55).It is because they
feed on dead cows.In India,cows are sacred animals and are___________(56) left in the open when they
die in thousands upon thousands every year.
The disappearance of the vultures has___________(57)an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs
feeding on the remains of these___________(58)animals. There are fears that rabies（狂犬症）may increase as
a result. And this terrifying disease may ultimately（最终）affect humans in the region,___________(59)wild
dogs are its main carriers.Rabies could also spread to other animal species, __________(60)an even
greater problem in the future.
The need for action is___________(61),so an emergency project has been launched to find a solution
to this serious vulture problem?Scientists are trying to___________(62)the disease causing the birds'
deaths and,if possible,develop a cure.
Large-scale vulture___________(63)were first noticed at the end of the l980s in India. A population
survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined___________(64)over 90 per
cent. All three species are now listed as"critically endangered".As most vultures lay only single eggs and
___________(65)about five years to reach maturity,reversing their population decline will be a long and dif-
ficult exercise.
_________(54)
A:rarely
B:recently
C:seldom
D:long
共用题干
Paper or plastic?
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay,and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water. Ever since these now ubiquitous symbols of American super-consumption showed up in the supermarkets,plastic shopping bags have made their______(51)into local waterways,and from there,into the bay,where they can______（52)wildlife. Piles of them一the______（53)takes centuries to decompose一show up in landfills and on city streets.Plastic bags also take an environmental toll in the form of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them.
Enter Annapolis______(54)you will see plastic bags distributed free in department stores and supermarkets.Alderman Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning proposal to ban retailers ______(55) distributing plastic shopping bags in Maryland's capital. Instead,retailers would be required to offer bags______(56)recycled paper and to sell reusable bags.The city of Baltimore is considering a similar measure.Opponents of the idea,however,argue that______(57)bags are harmful,too:they cost more to make,they consume more______(58)to transport,and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic.The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is．______（59)accepted.Everyone in this______(60)is right about one thing:disposable shopping bags of any type are______(61),and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead.Annapolis's mayor is investigating how to hand out free,reusable shopping bags to city residents,a proposal that can proceed regardless of whether other bags are banned.A less-expensive______(62)would be to encourage retailers to give discounts to customers______(63)bring their own,reusable bags,a policy that a spokesman for the supermarket Giant Food says its chain already has in place.And this policy would be more______(64)if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter. A broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags,which would merely replace some forms of pollution with others,is not the______(65).
_________(55)
A:from
B:at
C:out of
D:into
Paper or plastic?
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay,and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water. Ever since these now ubiquitous symbols of American super-consumption showed up in the supermarkets,plastic shopping bags have made their______(51)into local waterways,and from there,into the bay,where they can______（52)wildlife. Piles of them一the______（53)takes centuries to decompose一show up in landfills and on city streets.Plastic bags also take an environmental toll in the form of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them.
Enter Annapolis______(54)you will see plastic bags distributed free in department stores and supermarkets.Alderman Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning proposal to ban retailers ______(55) distributing plastic shopping bags in Maryland's capital. Instead,retailers would be required to offer bags______(56)recycled paper and to sell reusable bags.The city of Baltimore is considering a similar measure.Opponents of the idea,however,argue that______(57)bags are harmful,too:they cost more to make,they consume more______(58)to transport,and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic.The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is．______（59)accepted.Everyone in this______(60)is right about one thing:disposable shopping bags of any type are______(61),and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead.Annapolis's mayor is investigating how to hand out free,reusable shopping bags to city residents,a proposal that can proceed regardless of whether other bags are banned.A less-expensive______(62)would be to encourage retailers to give discounts to customers______(63)bring their own,reusable bags,a policy that a spokesman for the supermarket Giant Food says its chain already has in place.And this policy would be more______(64)if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter. A broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags,which would merely replace some forms of pollution with others,is not the______(65).
_________(55)
A:from
B:at
C:out of
D:into
共用题干
Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and earlywarning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection___2___sudden death from cardiac arrest.
In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases___3___by disruption to the heart's rhythm. Those most at risk are pa- tients who have___4___suffered a heart attack,and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing___ 5___ disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automat-ically by intervening within seconds. These devices___6___ a range of functions,such as that of pacemaker.
Heart specialists at Freiburg's University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator ___7___of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of___8___blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data___9___.
The overwhelming___10___of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only ___11___ into account a linear correlation of the data. We are,however,making use___12___ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,”
Hagen Knaf says,“___ 13___ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and indi- vidual variations in patients taken into account.”An old study of ECG data,based___14___ 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack,enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show___15___the new software evaluates the data considerably better.
9._________
A: precisely
B: more precisely
C: precision
D: more precise
Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and earlywarning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection___2___sudden death from cardiac arrest.
In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases___3___by disruption to the heart's rhythm. Those most at risk are pa- tients who have___4___suffered a heart attack,and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing___ 5___ disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automat-ically by intervening within seconds. These devices___6___ a range of functions,such as that of pacemaker.
Heart specialists at Freiburg's University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator ___7___of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of___8___blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data___9___.
The overwhelming___10___of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only ___11___ into account a linear correlation of the data. We are,however,making use___12___ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,”
Hagen Knaf says,“___ 13___ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and indi- vidual variations in patients taken into account.”An old study of ECG data,based___14___ 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack,enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show___15___the new software evaluates the data considerably better.
9._________
A: precisely
B: more precisely
C: precision
D: more precise
共用题干
Improve Your Memory
To many people advancing age means losing your hair,your waistline and your memory.But is it an inescapable fact that the older you get,the less you remember? Well,as time goes by,we tend to blame age for problems that are not necessarily age-related.
When a teenager can't find her keys,she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized, but a 70-year-old blames her memory. In fact,the 70-year-old may have been misplacing things for decades一like we all do from time to time.
In healthy people,memory doesn't deteriorate as quickly as many of us think. According to psychologists,as we age,our memory mechanism isn't broken,it's just different.The brain's processing time slows down over the years,though no one knows exactly why.Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and that there's less activity in the part of the brain that decides whether to store information or not.But it's not clear that less activity is worse.A beginning athlete is winded. more easily than a trained athlete.In the same way,as the brain gets more skilled at a task,it spends less energy on it.
There are steps you can take to improve your memory,though you have to work to keep your brain in shape.It's like having a good body. You can't go to the gym once a year and expect to stay in top form.
Some memory enhancement experts suggest using the AM principle.Pay attention to what you want to remember. Then give some meaning to it. We remember things when we focus on them, whether we intend to or not. That helps explain why jingles stick in our minds.They are played on loud,flashy TV commercials.They also use rhyme and music to help us remember better.
Basic organization helps us remember the boring stuff. For example,rather than trying to recall a random list of groceries,we can divide them into categories,such as dairy,meat and produce. For important things like keys and money,we can set up a"forget-me-not"spot where we always keep them.
We can also eat to aid our memory power. Whole grains,fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of glucose,the brain's preferred fuel. Another low-tech way to improve memory is to get adequate rest. Sleep may allow our brain time to encode memories.
Interest in friends,family and hobbies does wonders for our memory.A sense of passion or purpose helps us remember. Memory requires us to pay attention to our lives,allowing us to discover in them everything worth remembering.
It can be inferred from the passage that memory problems are not really age-related.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Improve Your Memory
To many people advancing age means losing your hair,your waistline and your memory.But is it an inescapable fact that the older you get,the less you remember? Well,as time goes by,we tend to blame age for problems that are not necessarily age-related.
When a teenager can't find her keys,she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized, but a 70-year-old blames her memory. In fact,the 70-year-old may have been misplacing things for decades一like we all do from time to time.
In healthy people,memory doesn't deteriorate as quickly as many of us think. According to psychologists,as we age,our memory mechanism isn't broken,it's just different.The brain's processing time slows down over the years,though no one knows exactly why.Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and that there's less activity in the part of the brain that decides whether to store information or not.But it's not clear that less activity is worse.A beginning athlete is winded. more easily than a trained athlete.In the same way,as the brain gets more skilled at a task,it spends less energy on it.
There are steps you can take to improve your memory,though you have to work to keep your brain in shape.It's like having a good body. You can't go to the gym once a year and expect to stay in top form.
Some memory enhancement experts suggest using the AM principle.Pay attention to what you want to remember. Then give some meaning to it. We remember things when we focus on them, whether we intend to or not. That helps explain why jingles stick in our minds.They are played on loud,flashy TV commercials.They also use rhyme and music to help us remember better.
Basic organization helps us remember the boring stuff. For example,rather than trying to recall a random list of groceries,we can divide them into categories,such as dairy,meat and produce. For important things like keys and money,we can set up a"forget-me-not"spot where we always keep them.
We can also eat to aid our memory power. Whole grains,fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of glucose,the brain's preferred fuel. Another low-tech way to improve memory is to get adequate rest. Sleep may allow our brain time to encode memories.
Interest in friends,family and hobbies does wonders for our memory.A sense of passion or purpose helps us remember. Memory requires us to pay attention to our lives,allowing us to discover in them everything worth remembering.
It can be inferred from the passage that memory problems are not really age-related.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
Seeing Red Means Danger Ahead
The color red often means danger一and by paying attention,accidents can be prevented.In the future,
the color red also may help_________（51)danger at construction sites.Thanks to new work by engineers,
bridge supports一or________(52)kinds of materials一could one day contain a color-changing material.It
will turn red_________(53)a structure collapses or falls apart.
The secret__________(54)the color-switching material is。particular typo of molecule（分子）.A mole-
cule is a group of atoms（原子）held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come_________(55)all shapes
and sizes,and make up __________ (56)you can see,touch or feel.How a molecule behaves depends on
_________(57) kinds of atoms it contains,and how they're held together.
When a polymer(聚合物）containing a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚
合物）which is about to break,it produces a_________(58).When a polymer with mechanophore molecules
becomes" injured" or__________(59),one of the mechanophore bonds________（60）and the material turns
red."It'S a really simple detection method,"says Nancy Sottos,one of the scientists who worked on the pro-
ject.Sottos and her team tested the color-changing polymers in their lab.The test_________(61)proved
encouraging,
There is a way to get rid of the red color:light. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore,the
broken bond is fixed,and the red color________(62).This"self-healing"may be a problem for mngi-
neers.They need to use the color-changer in big construction projects that will be_________(63)in sun-
light. And sunlight will make the rnechanophore'S warning system______(64).
Sottos and her fellow scientists still have _________(65)work to do before the color-changing mole-
cules can be used outside the lab.
_________(64)
A:dangerous
B:useless
C:helpful
D:important
Seeing Red Means Danger Ahead
The color red often means danger一and by paying attention,accidents can be prevented.In the future,
the color red also may help_________（51)danger at construction sites.Thanks to new work by engineers,
bridge supports一or________(52)kinds of materials一could one day contain a color-changing material.It
will turn red_________(53)a structure collapses or falls apart.
The secret__________(54)the color-switching material is。particular typo of molecule（分子）.A mole-
cule is a group of atoms（原子）held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come_________(55)all shapes
and sizes,and make up __________ (56)you can see,touch or feel.How a molecule behaves depends on
_________(57) kinds of atoms it contains,and how they're held together.
When a polymer(聚合物）containing a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚
合物）which is about to break,it produces a_________(58).When a polymer with mechanophore molecules
becomes" injured" or__________(59),one of the mechanophore bonds________（60）and the material turns
red."It'S a really simple detection method,"says Nancy Sottos,one of the scientists who worked on the pro-
ject.Sottos and her team tested the color-changing polymers in their lab.The test_________(61)proved
encouraging,
There is a way to get rid of the red color:light. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore,the
broken bond is fixed,and the red color________(62).This"self-healing"may be a problem for mngi-
neers.They need to use the color-changer in big construction projects that will be_________(63)in sun-
light. And sunlight will make the rnechanophore'S warning system______(64).
Sottos and her fellow scientists still have _________(65)work to do before the color-changing mole-
cules can be used outside the lab.
_________(64)
A:dangerous
B:useless
C:helpful
D:important
共用题干
第三篇
The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon
What comes to mind when you think of a lake?You probably imagine a pretty scene
with blue water,birds,and fish.For the people in the northwestern Cameroon,however,
the image is very different.For them,lakes may mean terrible disasters.In 1984,
poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages,
killing thirty-seven people.Two years later,Lake Nyos erupted.A cloud of gases rolled
down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people.
Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater（火山口）lakes. They were formed when
water collected in the craters of old volcanoes.The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake
Monoun are not active anymore.However,poisonous gases from the center of the earth
continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake.This is normal in a crater lake.
In most crater lakes,these gases are released often because the water"turns over"
regularly.That is,the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at
the top,allowing the gases to escape slowly.
However,in Lakes Nyos and Monoun,there is no regular turning over.No one knows
the reason for this fact,but as a result,these lakes have more gases trapped at the bottom
than other crater lakes.In fact,scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have
found 16,000 times more gases.When a strong wind,cool weather,a storm,or a
landslide（滑坡）causes the water to turn over suddenly,the gases escape in a violent
explosion.
In the past,no one knew when the gases might explode,so there was no way for the
villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States,France,and
Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos.They
stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake,with one end of the pipe near the
bottom and the other end in the air. Near the top of the pipe,the team put several holes
that could be opened or closed by a computer.Now,when the gas pressure gets too high,
the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air
like a fountain.With less pressure,a disastrous explosion is much less likely.However,
the scientists are not sure that one pipe will be enough to prevent explosions.They hope to
put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake
Monoun as well.
To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place,the scientists have installed
early warning systems at both lakes.If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level,
computers will set off loud sirens（警报）and bright lights to warn the people in the villages.
That way,they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases.
A team of scientists has
A:erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lake.
B:identified the gases at the bottom of the lake.
C:built a beautiful fountain near the lakes.
D:removed all dangerous gases from the lakes.
第三篇
The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon
What comes to mind when you think of a lake?You probably imagine a pretty scene
with blue water,birds,and fish.For the people in the northwestern Cameroon,however,
the image is very different.For them,lakes may mean terrible disasters.In 1984,
poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages,
killing thirty-seven people.Two years later,Lake Nyos erupted.A cloud of gases rolled
down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people.
Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater（火山口）lakes. They were formed when
water collected in the craters of old volcanoes.The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake
Monoun are not active anymore.However,poisonous gases from the center of the earth
continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake.This is normal in a crater lake.
In most crater lakes,these gases are released often because the water"turns over"
regularly.That is,the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at
the top,allowing the gases to escape slowly.
However,in Lakes Nyos and Monoun,there is no regular turning over.No one knows
the reason for this fact,but as a result,these lakes have more gases trapped at the bottom
than other crater lakes.In fact,scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have
found 16,000 times more gases.When a strong wind,cool weather,a storm,or a
landslide（滑坡）causes the water to turn over suddenly,the gases escape in a violent
explosion.
In the past,no one knew when the gases might explode,so there was no way for the
villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States,France,and
Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos.They
stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake,with one end of the pipe near the
bottom and the other end in the air. Near the top of the pipe,the team put several holes
that could be opened or closed by a computer.Now,when the gas pressure gets too high,
the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air
like a fountain.With less pressure,a disastrous explosion is much less likely.However,
the scientists are not sure that one pipe will be enough to prevent explosions.They hope to
put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake
Monoun as well.
To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place,the scientists have installed
early warning systems at both lakes.If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level,
computers will set off loud sirens（警报）and bright lights to warn the people in the villages.
That way,they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases.
A team of scientists has
A:erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lake.
B:identified the gases at the bottom of the lake.
C:built a beautiful fountain near the lakes.
D:removed all dangerous gases from the lakes.
共用题干
Thirst for Oil
Worldwide every day,we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet's surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year,we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle,this will change,and we will need to cure our addiction to oil.
Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution,when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used,mostly in power sta-tions,to cover one quarter of our energy needs,but its use has been declining since we star-ted pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally dama-ging fossil fuel,but could make a comeback,as supplies are still plentiful:its reserves are five times larger than oil's.
Today petroleum,a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol,diesel oil and various other chemical substances,provides around 40% of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling automobiles. The US consumes a quarter of all oil,and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.
The majority of oil comes from the Middle East,which has half of known reserves. But other significant sources include Russia,North America,Norway,Venezuela and the North Sea. Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge could be a major new US source,to reduce reliance on foreign imports.
Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years,though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades, when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficult to access,oth-ers such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal.
Since we started using fossil fuels,we have released 400 billion tonnes of carbon,and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃ .Among other horrors,this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all
Arctic ice.
What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph?
A: Rainforests will be destroyed.
B: Arctic ice will be melted.
C: The earth's temperature will be raised.
D: The sea level will go up.
Thirst for Oil
Worldwide every day,we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet's surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year,we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle,this will change,and we will need to cure our addiction to oil.
Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution,when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used,mostly in power sta-tions,to cover one quarter of our energy needs,but its use has been declining since we star-ted pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally dama-ging fossil fuel,but could make a comeback,as supplies are still plentiful:its reserves are five times larger than oil's.
Today petroleum,a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol,diesel oil and various other chemical substances,provides around 40% of the world's energy needs,mostly fuelling automobiles. The US consumes a quarter of all oil,and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.
The majority of oil comes from the Middle East,which has half of known reserves. But other significant sources include Russia,North America,Norway,Venezuela and the North Sea. Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge could be a major new US source,to reduce reliance on foreign imports.
Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years,though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades, when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficult to access,oth-ers such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal.
Since we started using fossil fuels,we have released 400 billion tonnes of carbon,and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃ .Among other horrors,this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all
Arctic ice.
What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph?
A: Rainforests will be destroyed.
B: Arctic ice will be melted.
C: The earth's temperature will be raised.
D: The sea level will go up.
共用题干
Computer Mouse
The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive.Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting,drawing,and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at thing before we learn to speak,so the mouse is a very natural pointing device.Other computer pointing devices include light pens,graphics tablets and touch screen,but the mouse is still our workhorse.
The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University.As computer screens became popular and arrow keys were used to more around a body of text,it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful.The introduction of the mouse,with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983,really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.
How does the mouse work?We have to start at the bottom,so think upside down for now. It all starts with mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad,it presses against and turns two shafts.The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light emitting diodes (LED)mounted on either side.One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side.As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by,the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side.But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place.The LED detects a changing pattern of light,converts the pattern into an electronic signal,and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out the mouse body.This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name.The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen.
So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used.One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up the dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.
The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Computer Mouse
The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive.Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting,drawing,and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at thing before we learn to speak,so the mouse is a very natural pointing device.Other computer pointing devices include light pens,graphics tablets and touch screen,but the mouse is still our workhorse.
The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University.As computer screens became popular and arrow keys were used to more around a body of text,it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful.The introduction of the mouse,with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983,really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.
How does the mouse work?We have to start at the bottom,so think upside down for now. It all starts with mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad,it presses against and turns two shafts.The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light emitting diodes (LED)mounted on either side.One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side.As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by,the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side.But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place.The LED detects a changing pattern of light,converts the pattern into an electronic signal,and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out the mouse body.This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name.The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen.
So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used.One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up the dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.
The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned