共用题干
第二篇
The American Industry
A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap,but if properly handled,it may become a driving force.When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.Its scientists were the world's best,its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably,the retreat from predominance proved painful.By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics,had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.By 1987 there was only one American television maker left,Zenith.(Now there is none:Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.)Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes.For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors,which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.
All of this caused a crisis of confidence.Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing,and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline.Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.
How things have changed!In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride."American industry has changed its structure,has gone on a diet,has learnt to be more quick-witted,"according to Richard Cavanagh,executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government,"It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,"says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute,a think-tank in Washington,DC.And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as"a golden age of business management in the United States."
The loss of U.S.predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American______.
A:TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market
B:semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises
C:machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions
D:auto industry had lost part of its domestic market
第二篇
The American Industry
A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap,but if properly handled,it may become a driving force.When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.Its scientists were the world's best,its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably,the retreat from predominance proved painful.By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics,had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.By 1987 there was only one American television maker left,Zenith.(Now there is none:Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.)Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes.For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors,which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.
All of this caused a crisis of confidence.Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing,and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline.Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.
How things have changed!In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride."American industry has changed its structure,has gone on a diet,has learnt to be more quick-witted,"according to Richard Cavanagh,executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government,"It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,"says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute,a think-tank in Washington,DC.And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as"a golden age of business management in the United States."
The loss of U.S.predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American______.
A:TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market
B:semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises
C:machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions
D:auto industry had lost part of its domestic market
共用题干
第一篇
Women have contributed richly to the achievements of science and engineering in the United States.As pointed out by the National Women's History Project,it is unfortunate that many of these accomplishments have been forgotten,ignored,and even hidden as a result of cultural and social norms.In recent years,there have seen great strides in recognizing the contributions of women in all fields of study.The National Women's History Project,founded in 1980,has been one of the organizations to lead the way.It is an educational nonprofit organization whose mission is to recognize and celebrate the diverse and historic achievements of inventive women.Each year,the National Women's History Project selects women to honor them. Sometimes these honorees paved the way as pioneers;other times they built on the knowledge and work of those who came before them. They are women who advanced our medical science,thrilled us with literature,inspired us with their courage and leadership,and moved us with their art.
What does the word"stride"refer to?
A:Distance.
B:Attack.
C:Power.
D:Improvement.
第一篇
Women have contributed richly to the achievements of science and engineering in the United States.As pointed out by the National Women's History Project,it is unfortunate that many of these accomplishments have been forgotten,ignored,and even hidden as a result of cultural and social norms.In recent years,there have seen great strides in recognizing the contributions of women in all fields of study.The National Women's History Project,founded in 1980,has been one of the organizations to lead the way.It is an educational nonprofit organization whose mission is to recognize and celebrate the diverse and historic achievements of inventive women.Each year,the National Women's History Project selects women to honor them. Sometimes these honorees paved the way as pioneers;other times they built on the knowledge and work of those who came before them. They are women who advanced our medical science,thrilled us with literature,inspired us with their courage and leadership,and moved us with their art.
What does the word"stride"refer to?
A:Distance.
B:Attack.
C:Power.
D:Improvement.
共用题干
Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye Health
Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline（基线）eye exams at age 40,says the American Academy of Ophthalmology(AAO)（美国眼科学会）.
The reminder（提示）is part of the AAO's EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February.
“Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs,”Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux,a clin-ical correspondent for the AAO,said in a prepared statement.“Gradual changes in vision can af-fect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities.”
Based on the findings from the initial screening,an eye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams.
People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or are at high risk due to family history, diabetes（糖尿病）or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked,the AAO recommends .By 2020,43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eye diseases such as cata-racts（白内障）and glaucoma（青光眼）. That's a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases.
But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss.Only 23 percent of Amer- icans are very concerned about losing their vision,while most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss,according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign.
Gradual changes in vision can affect one's thought.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye Health
Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline（基线）eye exams at age 40,says the American Academy of Ophthalmology(AAO)（美国眼科学会）.
The reminder（提示）is part of the AAO's EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February.
“Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs,”Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux,a clin-ical correspondent for the AAO,said in a prepared statement.“Gradual changes in vision can af-fect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities.”
Based on the findings from the initial screening,an eye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams.
People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or are at high risk due to family history, diabetes（糖尿病）or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked,the AAO recommends .By 2020,43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eye diseases such as cata-racts（白内障）and glaucoma（青光眼）. That's a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases.
But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss.Only 23 percent of Amer- icans are very concerned about losing their vision,while most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss,according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign.
Gradual changes in vision can affect one's thought.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
Walk a Quarter-Mile or Diem
If you can walk a quarter-mile,odds（可能性）are you have at least six years of life left
in you,scientists say.And the faster you can_______(1)it,the longer you might
live.
While walking is no guarantee of_______(2) or longevity（长寿）,a new study
found that the ability of elderly people to do the quarter-mile was an"important determinant
（决定因素）"in whether or not they'd be_____(3) six years later and how much
illness and disability they would endure.
"The_______(4)to complete this walk was a powerful predictor of health
outcomes,"said study leader Anne Newman of the University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine."In fact,we_______(5)that the people who could not complete the walk
were_____(6)an extremely high risk of later disability and death."
Newman and colleagues recruited nearly 2,700 white and African-American men and
women aged 70 to 79 to_______(7)the walk.All the participants were screened and
determined to be in relatively_______(8)health,and they had all said they had
previously walked that far with no_______(9).Only 86 percent of them finished,
_______(10)
The scientists then monitored the health and mortality of all_______(11)for the
next six years,"There was a big gap in health outcomes_______(12)people who
could complete the longer walk and people who could not,with the latter being at an
extremely high_______(13)of becoming disabled or dying,"Newman said."What
was really surprising is that these people were not_______(14)of how weak they
actually were."
Finishing times were found to be crucial,too.Those who completed the walk but were
among the slowest 25 percent_______(15)three times greater risk of death than the
speedier folks.
_________(2)
A:health
B:safety
C:peace
D:fun
Walk a Quarter-Mile or Diem
If you can walk a quarter-mile,odds（可能性）are you have at least six years of life left
in you,scientists say.And the faster you can_______(1)it,the longer you might
live.
While walking is no guarantee of_______(2) or longevity（长寿）,a new study
found that the ability of elderly people to do the quarter-mile was an"important determinant
（决定因素）"in whether or not they'd be_____(3) six years later and how much
illness and disability they would endure.
"The_______(4)to complete this walk was a powerful predictor of health
outcomes,"said study leader Anne Newman of the University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine."In fact,we_______(5)that the people who could not complete the walk
were_____(6)an extremely high risk of later disability and death."
Newman and colleagues recruited nearly 2,700 white and African-American men and
women aged 70 to 79 to_______(7)the walk.All the participants were screened and
determined to be in relatively_______(8)health,and they had all said they had
previously walked that far with no_______(9).Only 86 percent of them finished,
_______(10)
The scientists then monitored the health and mortality of all_______(11)for the
next six years,"There was a big gap in health outcomes_______(12)people who
could complete the longer walk and people who could not,with the latter being at an
extremely high_______(13)of becoming disabled or dying,"Newman said."What
was really surprising is that these people were not_______(14)of how weak they
actually were."
Finishing times were found to be crucial,too.Those who completed the walk but were
among the slowest 25 percent_______(15)three times greater risk of death than the
speedier folks.
_________(2)
A:health
B:safety
C:peace
D:fun
共用题干
Paper or plastic?
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay,and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water. Ever since these now ubiquitous symbols of American super-consumption showed up in the supermarkets,plastic shopping bags have made their______(51)into local waterways,and from there,into the bay,where they can______（52)wildlife. Piles of them一the______（53)takes centuries to decompose一show up in landfills and on city streets.Plastic bags also take an environmental toll in the form of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them.
Enter Annapolis______(54)you will see plastic bags distributed free in department stores and supermarkets.Alderman Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning proposal to ban retailers ______(55) distributing plastic shopping bags in Maryland's capital. Instead,retailers would be required to offer bags______(56)recycled paper and to sell reusable bags.The city of Baltimore is considering a similar measure.Opponents of the idea,however,argue that______(57)bags are harmful,too:they cost more to make,they consume more______(58)to transport,and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic.The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is．______（59)accepted.Everyone in this______(60)is right about one thing:disposable shopping bags of any type are______(61),and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead.Annapolis's mayor is investigating how to hand out free,reusable shopping bags to city residents,a proposal that can proceed regardless of whether other bags are banned.A less-expensive______(62)would be to encourage retailers to give discounts to customers______(63)bring their own,reusable bags,a policy that a spokesman for the supermarket Giant Food says its chain already has in place.And this policy would be more______(64)if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter. A broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags,which would merely replace some forms of pollution with others,is not the______(65).
_________(63)
A:when
B:who
C:whom
D:what
Paper or plastic?
Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay,and you are likely to see plastic bags floating in the water. Ever since these now ubiquitous symbols of American super-consumption showed up in the supermarkets,plastic shopping bags have made their______(51)into local waterways,and from there,into the bay,where they can______（52)wildlife. Piles of them一the______（53)takes centuries to decompose一show up in landfills and on city streets.Plastic bags also take an environmental toll in the form of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them.
Enter Annapolis______(54)you will see plastic bags distributed free in department stores and supermarkets.Alderman Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning proposal to ban retailers ______(55) distributing plastic shopping bags in Maryland's capital. Instead,retailers would be required to offer bags______(56)recycled paper and to sell reusable bags.The city of Baltimore is considering a similar measure.Opponents of the idea,however,argue that______(57)bags are harmful,too:they cost more to make,they consume more______(58)to transport,and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic.The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is．______（59)accepted.Everyone in this______(60)is right about one thing:disposable shopping bags of any type are______(61),and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead.Annapolis's mayor is investigating how to hand out free,reusable shopping bags to city residents,a proposal that can proceed regardless of whether other bags are banned.A less-expensive______(62)would be to encourage retailers to give discounts to customers______(63)bring their own,reusable bags,a policy that a spokesman for the supermarket Giant Food says its chain already has in place.And this policy would be more______(64)if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter. A broad ban on the use of plastic shopping bags,which would merely replace some forms of pollution with others,is not the______(65).
_________(63)
A:when
B:who
C:whom
D:what
共用题干
Influenza（流感）
Influenza has been with us a long time.According to some Greek writers_________(51)medical history,
the outbreak of 412 B.C.was of influenza. The same has been suggested of the sickness_________(52)swept
through the Greek army attacking Syracuse in 395 B.C.Influenza is a disease that moves most quickly among
people living in_________(53)conditions,hence,it is likely to attack armies.
__________(54)the nineteenth century there were five widespread outbreaks of influenza. The last of the
five________（55)in 1889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time.________(56)
the recent outbreak,it started in Asia.
For more than forty years before that outbreak,influenza had steadily_______(57)and was believed
to be dying out.A new group of outbreaks was_________(58)by the great outbreak of 1889-1890 and for the
next quarter of a century influenza remained a constant threat.
In April 1918 influenza broke out among American troops stationed in France.It quickly spread through
all the___________(59)but caused relatively few deaths.Four months later,however,a second outbreak started
which__________(60)to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also healthy young adults.
It________(61)through every country in the world,only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the
Pacific remaining_________(62).It brought the life of whole countries to stop,food_________(63)stopped
and work loss was very great.Before the great outbreak ended,it had killed at_______(64)15 million
people.Thereafter,there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world.It is thus__________(65)
that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.
_________(60)
A:ceased
B:proved
C:wanted
D:failed
Influenza（流感）
Influenza has been with us a long time.According to some Greek writers_________(51)medical history,
the outbreak of 412 B.C.was of influenza. The same has been suggested of the sickness_________(52)swept
through the Greek army attacking Syracuse in 395 B.C.Influenza is a disease that moves most quickly among
people living in_________(53)conditions,hence,it is likely to attack armies.
__________(54)the nineteenth century there were five widespread outbreaks of influenza. The last of the
five________（55)in 1889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time.________(56)
the recent outbreak,it started in Asia.
For more than forty years before that outbreak,influenza had steadily_______(57)and was believed
to be dying out.A new group of outbreaks was_________(58)by the great outbreak of 1889-1890 and for the
next quarter of a century influenza remained a constant threat.
In April 1918 influenza broke out among American troops stationed in France.It quickly spread through
all the___________(59)but caused relatively few deaths.Four months later,however,a second outbreak started
which__________(60)to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also healthy young adults.
It________(61)through every country in the world,only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the
Pacific remaining_________(62).It brought the life of whole countries to stop,food_________(63)stopped
and work loss was very great.Before the great outbreak ended,it had killed at_______(64)15 million
people.Thereafter,there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world.It is thus__________(65)
that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.
_________(60)
A:ceased
B:proved
C:wanted
D:failed
共用题干
Every Dog Has His Say
Kimiko Fukuda always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup,it would pull at her sleeve.______(1)When the dog barks,she glances at a small electronic gadget（装置）. The following “human” translation appears on its screen:“Please take me with you”“I realized that's how he was feeling.”says Fukuda.
The gadget is called Bowlingual,and it translates dog barks into feelings.People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world's first dog-human translation machine in 2002.But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it.______(2)
“Nobody else had thought about it,”said Masahiko Kajita,who works for Takara.“We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders;what would it be like if we could understand dogs?”
Bowlingual has two parts.______(3)The translation is done in the gadget using a da- tabase containing every kind of bark.
Based on animal behavior research,these noises are divided into six categories:happi- ness,sadness,frustration,anger,declaration and desire.______(4)In this way,the data- base scientifically matches a bark to an emotion,which is then translated into one of 200 phrases.
When a visitor went to Fukuda's house recently,the dog barked a loud“bow wow”. ______(5)It was followed by“I'm stronger than you”as the dog growled and sniffed（嗅） at the visitor.
The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120.It can store up to 100 barks,even recording the dog's emotions when the owner is away.
_______(4)
A: A wireless microphone is attached to the dog's collar,which sends information to the gadget held by the owner.
B: Nobody really knows how a dog feels.
C: This translated as“Don't come this way”.
D: More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer.
E: Now,the Japanese girl thinks she knows.
F: Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like“Let's play”,“Look at me”, or“Spend more time with me”.
Every Dog Has His Say
Kimiko Fukuda always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup,it would pull at her sleeve.______(1)When the dog barks,she glances at a small electronic gadget（装置）. The following “human” translation appears on its screen:“Please take me with you”“I realized that's how he was feeling.”says Fukuda.
The gadget is called Bowlingual,and it translates dog barks into feelings.People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world's first dog-human translation machine in 2002.But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it.______(2)
“Nobody else had thought about it,”said Masahiko Kajita,who works for Takara.“We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders;what would it be like if we could understand dogs?”
Bowlingual has two parts.______(3)The translation is done in the gadget using a da- tabase containing every kind of bark.
Based on animal behavior research,these noises are divided into six categories:happi- ness,sadness,frustration,anger,declaration and desire.______(4)In this way,the data- base scientifically matches a bark to an emotion,which is then translated into one of 200 phrases.
When a visitor went to Fukuda's house recently,the dog barked a loud“bow wow”. ______(5)It was followed by“I'm stronger than you”as the dog growled and sniffed（嗅） at the visitor.
The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120.It can store up to 100 barks,even recording the dog's emotions when the owner is away.
_______(4)
A: A wireless microphone is attached to the dog's collar,which sends information to the gadget held by the owner.
B: Nobody really knows how a dog feels.
C: This translated as“Don't come this way”.
D: More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer.
E: Now,the Japanese girl thinks she knows.
F: Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like“Let's play”,“Look at me”, or“Spend more time with me”.
共用题干
Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and earlywarning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection___2___sudden death from cardiac arrest.
In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases___3___by disruption to the heart's rhythm. Those most at risk are pa- tients who have___4___suffered a heart attack,and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing___ 5___ disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automat-ically by intervening within seconds. These devices___6___ a range of functions,such as that of pacemaker.
Heart specialists at Freiburg's University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator ___7___of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of___8___blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data___9___.
The overwhelming___10___of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only ___11___ into account a linear correlation of the data. We are,however,making use___12___ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,”
Hagen Knaf says,“___ 13___ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and indi- vidual variations in patients taken into account.”An old study of ECG data,based___14___ 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack,enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show___15___the new software evaluates the data considerably better.
3._________
A: are caused
B: caused
C: are to cause
D: have been causing
Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and earlywarning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection___2___sudden death from cardiac arrest.
In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases___3___by disruption to the heart's rhythm. Those most at risk are pa- tients who have___4___suffered a heart attack,and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing___ 5___ disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automat-ically by intervening within seconds. These devices___6___ a range of functions,such as that of pacemaker.
Heart specialists at Freiburg's University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator ___7___of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of___8___blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data___9___.
The overwhelming___10___of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only ___11___ into account a linear correlation of the data. We are,however,making use___12___ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,”
Hagen Knaf says,“___ 13___ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and indi- vidual variations in patients taken into account.”An old study of ECG data,based___14___ 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack,enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show___15___the new software evaluates the data considerably better.
3._________
A: are caused
B: caused
C: are to cause
D: have been causing
His reason for divorce is quite vague．
A:obvious
B:typical
C:imprecise
D:unreasonable
A:obvious
B:typical
C:imprecise
D:unreasonable
共用题干
Solar Storm
At the end of October 2003,a sudden solar storm hit the earth.Asolar storm refers to
the large amounts of charged particles released into space_________(1)the solar energy
increases.The release of the energy_________(2)place along with the activity of the
sunspots with a cycle of 11 years.This time,the_________(3)of the storm exceeded
expectations.
This_________(4)of intense solar storm was caused by the eruption of a solar flare
（闪光）and the ejection（喷发）of the solar corona（日冠）on October28, 2003. Large
amounts of charged particles moved 150, 000,000 kilometers through space toward the
_________(5)in 19 hours. They could affect aircraft roaming（漫游）in space.
The high-energy particles will_________(6)some of the parts of an aircraft.They
may also cause it to fail.High-energy particles can threaten the safety of an aircraft at a
high orbit.If an aircraft orbits at a lower orbit,it is_________(7)because it is under the
protection of the earth's magnetic field.
Asolar storm not only affects aircraft but also is a_________(8)to the environment
and humans.The aerosphere and magnetic field of the earth can_________(9)humans
from ultraviolet radiation and X-rays. While most of the X-rays are absorbed after they enter
the aerosphere（大气层）,still a few can_________(10) the ground.
The geomagnetic storm caused by this round of solar storm reaches its highest level on
the two_________(11)of the earth,which affects electricity supply of North America.
Overexposure to_________(12)threatens the health of passengers on planes flying over
the Polar Regions.If we fly in the sky during such a solar storm,it_________(13)we
receive ten times the X-ray radiation.It's really damaging.
Scientists say a solar eruption is like the sun sneezing,which will make the earth
_________(14)a cold.Though this natural force is irresistible,scientists can still
_________(15)its movement accurately by monitoring.Facing successive solar storms,
humans can't drop their guard.
_________(15)
A:detect
B:start
C:experience
D:change
Solar Storm
At the end of October 2003,a sudden solar storm hit the earth.Asolar storm refers to
the large amounts of charged particles released into space_________(1)the solar energy
increases.The release of the energy_________(2)place along with the activity of the
sunspots with a cycle of 11 years.This time,the_________(3)of the storm exceeded
expectations.
This_________(4)of intense solar storm was caused by the eruption of a solar flare
（闪光）and the ejection（喷发）of the solar corona（日冠）on October28, 2003. Large
amounts of charged particles moved 150, 000,000 kilometers through space toward the
_________(5)in 19 hours. They could affect aircraft roaming（漫游）in space.
The high-energy particles will_________(6)some of the parts of an aircraft.They
may also cause it to fail.High-energy particles can threaten the safety of an aircraft at a
high orbit.If an aircraft orbits at a lower orbit,it is_________(7)because it is under the
protection of the earth's magnetic field.
Asolar storm not only affects aircraft but also is a_________(8)to the environment
and humans.The aerosphere and magnetic field of the earth can_________(9)humans
from ultraviolet radiation and X-rays. While most of the X-rays are absorbed after they enter
the aerosphere（大气层）,still a few can_________(10) the ground.
The geomagnetic storm caused by this round of solar storm reaches its highest level on
the two_________(11)of the earth,which affects electricity supply of North America.
Overexposure to_________(12)threatens the health of passengers on planes flying over
the Polar Regions.If we fly in the sky during such a solar storm,it_________(13)we
receive ten times the X-ray radiation.It's really damaging.
Scientists say a solar eruption is like the sun sneezing,which will make the earth
_________(14)a cold.Though this natural force is irresistible,scientists can still
_________(15)its movement accurately by monitoring.Facing successive solar storms,
humans can't drop their guard.
_________(15)
A:detect
B:start
C:experience
D:change
共用题干
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil“liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its1severity,a new analysis shows.
“We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before,but the distance and2of damage in Japan were unusually severe,”said Scott Ashford,a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,”Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water,drain and gas pipelines,crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to3. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water,particularly recent sediments or sand,can lose much of their4and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or5.
But most earthquakes are much6than the recent event in Japan,Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake,as much as five minutes,may force researchers to recon-sider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
“With such a long-lasting earthquake,we saw7structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,”he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments,and especially areas built on8filled ground,are much more vulnerable.”
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake,researchers said,should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil9and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly,10damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar11,”Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction,such as better compaction to make soils dense,or use of reinforcing stone columns.”
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefac-tion一on the coast,near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The“young”sedi-ments,in geologic terms,may be those12within the past 10,000 years or more. In Ore-gon,for instance,that describes much of downtown Portland,the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything13a river and old flood plains is a suspect,and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.
Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to14collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake,but Japanese construction15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse一even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
10._________
A: unless
B: until
C: after
D: before
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil“liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its1severity,a new analysis shows.
“We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before,but the distance and2of damage in Japan were unusually severe,”said Scott Ashford,a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,”Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water,drain and gas pipelines,crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to3. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water,particularly recent sediments or sand,can lose much of their4and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or5.
But most earthquakes are much6than the recent event in Japan,Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake,as much as five minutes,may force researchers to recon-sider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
“With such a long-lasting earthquake,we saw7structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,”he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments,and especially areas built on8filled ground,are much more vulnerable.”
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake,researchers said,should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil9and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly,10damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar11,”Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction,such as better compaction to make soils dense,or use of reinforcing stone columns.”
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefac-tion一on the coast,near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The“young”sedi-ments,in geologic terms,may be those12within the past 10,000 years or more. In Ore-gon,for instance,that describes much of downtown Portland,the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything13a river and old flood plains is a suspect,and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.
Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to14collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake,but Japanese construction15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse一even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
10._________
A: unless
B: until
C: after
D: before
共用题干
Dark Forces Dominate Universe
The earth,moon,sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of
the universe.Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy,unknown forces that
_______(1)astronomers.
Observations in recent years have changed the basic_______(2)of how the
universe evolved and have indicated how little is known about the major forces and
substances that_______(3)our world.
Astronomers now know that luminous（发光的）matter一stars , planets and hot gas一
accounts_______(4)only about 0.4 percent of the universe.Non-luminous
components , such as black holes and intergalactic（星系间的）gas,_______(5)
up 3.6 percent.The rest is either dark matter,about 23 percent,or dark energy,about
73 percent.
Dark matter,sometimes_______(6)"cold dark matter,"has been known for some time.Only recently have researchers come to understand the key role it_______ (7)in the formation of stars,planets and even people.
"We_______(8)our very existence to dark matter,"said physicist Paul
Steinhardt and a co-author of a review on dark matter which_______(9)not long ago
in the journal Science.
"Dark matter dominated the structure_______(10)in the early universe,"
Steinhardt said."For the first few billion years dark matter contained most of the mass of the
universe. You can think of ordinary matter_______(11)a froth（泡沫）of an ocean
of dark matter. The dark matter clumps（结成块）and the ordinary matter falls into it. That
_______(12) to the formation of the stars and galaxies（星系）."
Without dark matter,"there would be virtually no structures in the universe,"
The nature of dark matter is_______(13).It cannot be seen or detected
directly. Astronomers know it is there because of its_______(14) on celestial（天体
的）objects that can be seen and measured.
But the most dominating force of all in the universe is called dark energy,a recently
________(15)power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to
separate at a faster and faster speed.
_________(10)
A:element
B:shape
C:formation
D:power
Dark Forces Dominate Universe
The earth,moon,sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of
the universe.Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy,unknown forces that
_______(1)astronomers.
Observations in recent years have changed the basic_______(2)of how the
universe evolved and have indicated how little is known about the major forces and
substances that_______(3)our world.
Astronomers now know that luminous（发光的）matter一stars , planets and hot gas一
accounts_______(4)only about 0.4 percent of the universe.Non-luminous
components , such as black holes and intergalactic（星系间的）gas,_______(5)
up 3.6 percent.The rest is either dark matter,about 23 percent,or dark energy,about
73 percent.
Dark matter,sometimes_______(6)"cold dark matter,"has been known for some time.Only recently have researchers come to understand the key role it_______ (7)in the formation of stars,planets and even people.
"We_______(8)our very existence to dark matter,"said physicist Paul
Steinhardt and a co-author of a review on dark matter which_______(9)not long ago
in the journal Science.
"Dark matter dominated the structure_______(10)in the early universe,"
Steinhardt said."For the first few billion years dark matter contained most of the mass of the
universe. You can think of ordinary matter_______(11)a froth（泡沫）of an ocean
of dark matter. The dark matter clumps（结成块）and the ordinary matter falls into it. That
_______(12) to the formation of the stars and galaxies（星系）."
Without dark matter,"there would be virtually no structures in the universe,"
The nature of dark matter is_______(13).It cannot be seen or detected
directly. Astronomers know it is there because of its_______(14) on celestial（天体
的）objects that can be seen and measured.
But the most dominating force of all in the universe is called dark energy,a recently
________(15)power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to
separate at a faster and faster speed.
_________(10)
A:element
B:shape
C:formation
D:power
He has been granted asylum in France.
A: power
B: relief
C: protection
D: license
A: power
B: relief
C: protection
D: license
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating（散发）from the somatosensory（耳、目、口等以外的）neocortex（新大脑皮层）(an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus（海马）,which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes（糖尿病，多尿症）suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans（细看，审视，浏览，扫描）and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
" Our study suggests that this impairment（损害、损伤）may contribute to the memory deficits （赤字、不足额）that occur as people age."Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition."Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check（阻止、制止）,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.
In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage?
A:There is no relation between memory and hippocampus shrinkage.
B:The more hippocampus shrinks,the poorer one's memory.
C:The more hippocampus shrinks,the better one's memory.
D:The less hippocampus shrinks,the poorer one's memory.
第二篇
Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating（散发）from the somatosensory（耳、目、口等以外的）neocortex（新大脑皮层）(an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus（海马）,which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex)were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
A second study,also published online this week by the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes（糖尿病，多尿症）suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans（细看，审视，浏览，扫描）and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
" Our study suggests that this impairment（损害、损伤）may contribute to the memory deficits （赤字、不足额）that occur as people age."Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition."Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check（阻止、制止）,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.
In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage?
A:There is no relation between memory and hippocampus shrinkage.
B:The more hippocampus shrinks,the poorer one's memory.
C:The more hippocampus shrinks,the better one's memory.
D:The less hippocampus shrinks,the poorer one's memory.
The boy is intelligent.
A:naughty
B:clever
C:difficult
D:active
A:naughty
B:clever
C:difficult
D:active