共用题干
第一篇
Too Late to Regret It
When I was a junior,I met a second-year student in my department. He wasn't tall or good-looking,but he was very nice,attractive and athletic.He had something that I admired very much. He was natural,warm,and sincere.
I disregarded（不顾）my parents' disapproval. We were very happy together. He picked me up from my dorm every morning,and after class we would sit alongside the stream that ran through campus, or sunbathe（晒太阳）on the lawn. At night he would walk me back to my dorm. He came from a poor family,but in order to make me happy,he borrowed money from his friend to buy presents and meals for me.Our fellow students looked up to him as a role model,and the girls envied （妒忌）me. He wasn't a local, but wanted to stay here after graduation. I thought we had a future together.
However,I got a part-time job that paid pretty well during the summer vacation.
With my good performance at school,I also got admission to graduate school at one of China's best universities.He,on the other hand,did not do so well at school or at work.I had to worry about his living expenses,job and scores.
Almost all my colleagues and friends advised me to break up with him. Then we had a quarrel last June.He was in great pain,and my cold words and bad moods started turning him away.
Graduation time was drawing near,and he said he wanted to go back to his hometown.He said that he couldn't put up with me anymore.I was shocked and looked at him in despair.
True love happens only once,but I found it out too late.
When did the author fall in love with the boy?
A:After she had a quarrel with him.
B:When she was a junior.
C:When she was a second-year student.
D:After she found a part-time job.
第一篇
Too Late to Regret It
When I was a junior,I met a second-year student in my department. He wasn't tall or good-looking,but he was very nice,attractive and athletic.He had something that I admired very much. He was natural,warm,and sincere.
I disregarded（不顾）my parents' disapproval. We were very happy together. He picked me up from my dorm every morning,and after class we would sit alongside the stream that ran through campus, or sunbathe（晒太阳）on the lawn. At night he would walk me back to my dorm. He came from a poor family,but in order to make me happy,he borrowed money from his friend to buy presents and meals for me.Our fellow students looked up to him as a role model,and the girls envied （妒忌）me. He wasn't a local, but wanted to stay here after graduation. I thought we had a future together.
However,I got a part-time job that paid pretty well during the summer vacation.
With my good performance at school,I also got admission to graduate school at one of China's best universities.He,on the other hand,did not do so well at school or at work.I had to worry about his living expenses,job and scores.
Almost all my colleagues and friends advised me to break up with him. Then we had a quarrel last June.He was in great pain,and my cold words and bad moods started turning him away.
Graduation time was drawing near,and he said he wanted to go back to his hometown.He said that he couldn't put up with me anymore.I was shocked and looked at him in despair.
True love happens only once,but I found it out too late.
When did the author fall in love with the boy?
A:After she had a quarrel with him.
B:When she was a junior.
C:When she was a second-year student.
D:After she found a part-time job.
共用题干
第三篇
Recycling Around the World
Recycling is one of the best environmental success stories of the late 20th century.But we could do more.People must not see recycling as fashionable,but essential.
The Japanese are very good at recycling because they live in a crowded country. They do not have much space.They do not want to share their limited space with rubbish.But even so,Tokyo area alone is estimated to have three million tons of leftover rubbish at present.
In 1996, the United States recycled and composted（制成肥料）57 million tons of waste (27%of the nation's solid waste).This is 57 million tons of waste which did not go into landfills and incinerators（焚化炉）.In doing this,7,000 rubbish collection programs and recycling centers helped the authorities.
In Rockford,a city in Illinois,U.S.,its officials choose one house each week and check its garbage（废物）.If the garbage does not contain an newspapers or aluminum（铝）cans,then the resident of the house gets a prize of at least$1,000.
In Japan,certain cities give children weekly supplies of tissue paper and toilet paper in exchange for a weekly collection of newspapers.
In one year Britain recycles:
——1 out of every 3 newspapers.
——1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars（罐子）.
——1 out of every 4 items of clothing.
——1 out of every 3 aluminum drink cans.
In 1999,Hong Kong transported 1.3 million tons of waste to mainland China for recycling. Around 535,000 tons of waste was recycled in Hong Kong itself.
Over half the things we throw away could be recycled.That means we could recycle 10 times as much as we do now.
However,recycling needs a lot of organization and special equipment. Also,there is not much use for some recycled material.
Which of the following 15 NOT true of the Japanese?
A:They have recycled all their waste.
B:They live in a crowded country．
C:They are very good at recycling.
D:They have to share their limited space with rubbish.
第三篇
Recycling Around the World
Recycling is one of the best environmental success stories of the late 20th century.But we could do more.People must not see recycling as fashionable,but essential.
The Japanese are very good at recycling because they live in a crowded country. They do not have much space.They do not want to share their limited space with rubbish.But even so,Tokyo area alone is estimated to have three million tons of leftover rubbish at present.
In 1996, the United States recycled and composted（制成肥料）57 million tons of waste (27%of the nation's solid waste).This is 57 million tons of waste which did not go into landfills and incinerators（焚化炉）.In doing this,7,000 rubbish collection programs and recycling centers helped the authorities.
In Rockford,a city in Illinois,U.S.,its officials choose one house each week and check its garbage（废物）.If the garbage does not contain an newspapers or aluminum（铝）cans,then the resident of the house gets a prize of at least$1,000.
In Japan,certain cities give children weekly supplies of tissue paper and toilet paper in exchange for a weekly collection of newspapers.
In one year Britain recycles:
——1 out of every 3 newspapers.
——1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars（罐子）.
——1 out of every 4 items of clothing.
——1 out of every 3 aluminum drink cans.
In 1999,Hong Kong transported 1.3 million tons of waste to mainland China for recycling. Around 535,000 tons of waste was recycled in Hong Kong itself.
Over half the things we throw away could be recycled.That means we could recycle 10 times as much as we do now.
However,recycling needs a lot of organization and special equipment. Also,there is not much use for some recycled material.
Which of the following 15 NOT true of the Japanese?
A:They have recycled all their waste.
B:They live in a crowded country．
C:They are very good at recycling.
D:They have to share their limited space with rubbish.
Smoking is not permitted in the office.
A:probable
B:possible
C:admitted
D:allowed
A:probable
B:possible
C:admitted
D:allowed
共用题干
Learn About Noble Gases（惰性气体）
1 Have you ever ridden on a balloon?Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see
the beauty of a place from above.A balloon contains a noble gas called helium（氦）.Formerly,balloons con-
tamned hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled.Therefore,people shifted
to helium,which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases.
2 People once believed that noble gases couldn't chemically react at all.For this reason,they were
called inert gases(隋性气体）.They were also listed under Group 0 in the old periodic table because scien-
tists believed that the gases have zero valence（价）electrons in their outer shell.This was later proven to be
untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered.
3 The gases are elements,which share similar properties.These properties include being monoatomic,
colorless,odorless,being able to conduct electricity,and having low chemical reactivity.Noble gases
include helium,neon,argon,krypton,xenon and radon.These are all found in Group 18,in the right most
column of the periodic table.If you look at the periodic table,you will notice that these elements are the only
ones which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular（分子的）weight while radon is the
heaviest.
4 Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons,which are electrons
in their outer shell.When the outer shell is"unfilled"or the required number of electrons is not yet com-
plete,the atom is more reactive.Noble gases have a full outer shell,meaning that they have complete elec-
trons in their outer shell.This complete number varies.For instance,the outer shell of helium has 2 valence
electrons while the outer shell of xenon has 8 electrons.Nowadays,there remains to be a few noble gases
because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases.
5 because of their properties,noble gases have many important applications.They are widely used in
medicine and industries. For instance , liquid helium is used for superconducting magnets（磁体）.These
magnets are very important in physics and medicine.When a doctor suspects that a person's brain has been
damaged,he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI).MRI allows the doctor to"see"the
brain,without operating on the patient.
The required number of electrons in noble gases' outer shell is __________.
A:reactive
B:lightest
C:important
D:complete
E:flammable
F:unnecessary
Learn About Noble Gases（惰性气体）
1 Have you ever ridden on a balloon?Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see
the beauty of a place from above.A balloon contains a noble gas called helium（氦）.Formerly,balloons con-
tamned hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled.Therefore,people shifted
to helium,which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases.
2 People once believed that noble gases couldn't chemically react at all.For this reason,they were
called inert gases(隋性气体）.They were also listed under Group 0 in the old periodic table because scien-
tists believed that the gases have zero valence（价）electrons in their outer shell.This was later proven to be
untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered.
3 The gases are elements,which share similar properties.These properties include being monoatomic,
colorless,odorless,being able to conduct electricity,and having low chemical reactivity.Noble gases
include helium,neon,argon,krypton,xenon and radon.These are all found in Group 18,in the right most
column of the periodic table.If you look at the periodic table,you will notice that these elements are the only
ones which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular（分子的）weight while radon is the
heaviest.
4 Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons,which are electrons
in their outer shell.When the outer shell is"unfilled"or the required number of electrons is not yet com-
plete,the atom is more reactive.Noble gases have a full outer shell,meaning that they have complete elec-
trons in their outer shell.This complete number varies.For instance,the outer shell of helium has 2 valence
electrons while the outer shell of xenon has 8 electrons.Nowadays,there remains to be a few noble gases
because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases.
5 because of their properties,noble gases have many important applications.They are widely used in
medicine and industries. For instance , liquid helium is used for superconducting magnets（磁体）.These
magnets are very important in physics and medicine.When a doctor suspects that a person's brain has been
damaged,he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI).MRI allows the doctor to"see"the
brain,without operating on the patient.
The required number of electrons in noble gases' outer shell is __________.
A:reactive
B:lightest
C:important
D:complete
E:flammable
F:unnecessary
共用题干
第三篇
TapeStore: A New Tape Storage System
TapeStore is a new kind of tape storage system which can store up to 6,000 computer
tapes.No other tape storage system can hold as many computer tapes as TapeStore. The
tapes look exactly like video cassettes,Many hundreds of data files can be stored on each
tape, up to a maximum of 500 million bytes（字节）of data. If you stored the same amount
of information on paper,you would need nearly 4. 5 billion printed pages.
The machine is a tall black box with a mechanical arm.The machine is 2.5 metres high
and 3. 0 metres wide.This is how it works.Each tape has a code printed on it.You feed
the code number into TapeStore,which then looks for the code.As soon as TapeStore
locates the code,the arm reaches in and pulls out the tape.
The system is very fast. It takes the mechanical arm about 1 0 seconds to find the tape
it is looking for. The machine then searches the tape to extract（提取）the required file,
and this takes less than a minute,A.human technician would have to locate and remove the
tape by hand,and could take at least an hour to find the right file on the tape.
Some of the world's biggest companies,including banks,insurance companies,
airlines,telephone companies,utilities and computer centres,have bought the system.
They like it particularly because the system guarantees the security of their data,
TapeStore was originally developed in Canada and is now being marketed worldwide.
In Europe alone,750 have already been installed at a cost of 480, 000 dollars each.
TapeStore is better than any other storage system because
A:it can store more video cassettes.
B:it is extremely small.
C:it stores more tapes.
D:it stores data files on the same tape.
第三篇
TapeStore: A New Tape Storage System
TapeStore is a new kind of tape storage system which can store up to 6,000 computer
tapes.No other tape storage system can hold as many computer tapes as TapeStore. The
tapes look exactly like video cassettes,Many hundreds of data files can be stored on each
tape, up to a maximum of 500 million bytes（字节）of data. If you stored the same amount
of information on paper,you would need nearly 4. 5 billion printed pages.
The machine is a tall black box with a mechanical arm.The machine is 2.5 metres high
and 3. 0 metres wide.This is how it works.Each tape has a code printed on it.You feed
the code number into TapeStore,which then looks for the code.As soon as TapeStore
locates the code,the arm reaches in and pulls out the tape.
The system is very fast. It takes the mechanical arm about 1 0 seconds to find the tape
it is looking for. The machine then searches the tape to extract（提取）the required file,
and this takes less than a minute,A.human technician would have to locate and remove the
tape by hand,and could take at least an hour to find the right file on the tape.
Some of the world's biggest companies,including banks,insurance companies,
airlines,telephone companies,utilities and computer centres,have bought the system.
They like it particularly because the system guarantees the security of their data,
TapeStore was originally developed in Canada and is now being marketed worldwide.
In Europe alone,750 have already been installed at a cost of 480, 000 dollars each.
TapeStore is better than any other storage system because
A:it can store more video cassettes.
B:it is extremely small.
C:it stores more tapes.
D:it stores data files on the same tape.
共用题干
The Northern Lights
The Sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather It is so hot and active that even the Sun's gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check!Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma,and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun,the stronger the solar wind.
The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth,but don't worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet.The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles.The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth's magnetic field,the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.
The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth's atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall to the Earth,they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere,creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky,they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.
Watching auroras is fun and exciting,but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate,flicker,or even move like waves.During solar maximum,auroras are seen as far south as Florida,even Mexico!
Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground,but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground,a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long,a few hundred kilometers high,but only a few hundred meters thick.
We hope you are able to travel to far north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!
Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and Sweden every year to watch the Northern Lights.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
The Northern Lights
The Sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather It is so hot and active that even the Sun's gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check!Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma,and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun,the stronger the solar wind.
The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth,but don't worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet.The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles.The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth's magnetic field,the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.
The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth's atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall to the Earth,they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere,creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky,they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.
Watching auroras is fun and exciting,but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate,flicker,or even move like waves.During solar maximum,auroras are seen as far south as Florida,even Mexico!
Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground,but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground,a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long,a few hundred kilometers high,but only a few hundred meters thick.
We hope you are able to travel to far north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!
Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and Sweden every year to watch the Northern Lights.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
共用题干
Plants in Desert
Only special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert,for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75℃．Furthermore,during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the sun's ray.Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds that drive small,sharp particles of sand into the plants,tearing and damaging them.The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life,however,is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring.
Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long,hot,dry season in the form of seeds.These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls.If no rain falls,or if insufficient rain falls,they wait until the next year,or even still the next.Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short.By the time the water from the spring rains disappears-just a few weeks after it falls-such plants no longer need any.
The perennials（多年生植物）have special features that enable them to survive as plants for several years.Thus,nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground.The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in short time.
The small shoot system,on the other hand,considerably limits water loss by evaporation（蒸发）.
Another feature of many perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long,dry season,just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter.This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry season.Then,in next rainy season,they come fully alive once more,and grow new branches,leaves and flowers,just as the grasses and flowers in desert do.
The theme of the second last paragraph is why the perennials can survive as plants for several years.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Plants in Desert
Only special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert,for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75℃．Furthermore,during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the sun's ray.Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds that drive small,sharp particles of sand into the plants,tearing and damaging them.The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life,however,is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring.
Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long,hot,dry season in the form of seeds.These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls.If no rain falls,or if insufficient rain falls,they wait until the next year,or even still the next.Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short.By the time the water from the spring rains disappears-just a few weeks after it falls-such plants no longer need any.
The perennials（多年生植物）have special features that enable them to survive as plants for several years.Thus,nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground.The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in short time.
The small shoot system,on the other hand,considerably limits water loss by evaporation（蒸发）.
Another feature of many perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long,dry season,just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter.This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry season.Then,in next rainy season,they come fully alive once more,and grow new branches,leaves and flowers,just as the grasses and flowers in desert do.
The theme of the second last paragraph is why the perennials can survive as plants for several years.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
Global Warming
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists1the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase2the world's temperatures and are convinced that,more than3before,the Earth is at4from the forces of the wind,rain and sun.5to them,global warming is making extreme weather events,6as hurricanes and droughts,even more7and causing sea levels all around the world to8.
Environmental groups are putting9on governments to take action to reduce the 10 of carbon dioxide which is given 11 by factories and power plants,thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in12of more money being spent on research into so-lar,wind and wave energy devices,which could then replace existing power13.
Some scientists,14believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow,we would have to wait15hundred years to notice the results. Global warming,it seems,is here to stay.
3._________
A: yet
B: never
C: once
D: ever
Global Warming
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists1the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase2the world's temperatures and are convinced that,more than3before,the Earth is at4from the forces of the wind,rain and sun.5to them,global warming is making extreme weather events,6as hurricanes and droughts,even more7and causing sea levels all around the world to8.
Environmental groups are putting9on governments to take action to reduce the 10 of carbon dioxide which is given 11 by factories and power plants,thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in12of more money being spent on research into so-lar,wind and wave energy devices,which could then replace existing power13.
Some scientists,14believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow,we would have to wait15hundred years to notice the results. Global warming,it seems,is here to stay.
3._________
A: yet
B: never
C: once
D: ever
共用题干
Intelligence:a Changed View 1. Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity,some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements.Its value therefore,was as a predic-tor of children's future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious.Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age;and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education. 2. Today,we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years,research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence it-self. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on a-chievement and intelligence.Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates. 3 .There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelli- gence and observed intelligence.Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence, whereas we can measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimu-lation has been received from the environment. Researches have been investigation what happens in this interaction. 4. Two major findings have emerged from these researches.Firstly,the greater part of the devel-opment of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life.It is estimated that 50 per cent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly,the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child re- lationship.Much of the difference in measured intelligence between“privileged”and“disadvan- taged”children may be due to the latter's lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences. 5. These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelli- gence.Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind,we now see it as a set of developed skills which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed,one of them is learning how to learn. 6 .The modern ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system.In one respect a change is already occurring.With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes,fewer children will be given the label “low IQ”which must inevitably condemn a child in his own,if not society's eyes.The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is ac-cepted by more and more people.
paragraph 4______
A: Main results of recent researches
B: Popular doubt about the new view
C: Effect of environment on intelligence
D: Intelligence and achievement
E: Impact on school education
F: A changed view of intelligence
Intelligence:a Changed View 1. Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity,some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements.Its value therefore,was as a predic-tor of children's future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious.Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age;and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education. 2. Today,we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years,research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence it-self. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on a-chievement and intelligence.Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates. 3 .There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelli- gence and observed intelligence.Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence, whereas we can measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimu-lation has been received from the environment. Researches have been investigation what happens in this interaction. 4. Two major findings have emerged from these researches.Firstly,the greater part of the devel-opment of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life.It is estimated that 50 per cent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly,the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child re- lationship.Much of the difference in measured intelligence between“privileged”and“disadvan- taged”children may be due to the latter's lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences. 5. These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelli- gence.Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind,we now see it as a set of developed skills which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed,one of them is learning how to learn. 6 .The modern ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system.In one respect a change is already occurring.With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes,fewer children will be given the label “low IQ”which must inevitably condemn a child in his own,if not society's eyes.The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is ac-cepted by more and more people.
paragraph 4______
A: Main results of recent researches
B: Popular doubt about the new view
C: Effect of environment on intelligence
D: Intelligence and achievement
E: Impact on school education
F: A changed view of intelligence
共用题干
第一篇
A recent study,published in last week's Journal of American Medical Association,offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed,a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone,by contrast,the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with. each additional passenger.
The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 pm,and especially after midnight.With passengers in the car,the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.
Robert Foss,a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers,have less to do with"really stupid behavior" than with just a lack of driving experience."The basic issue,"he says,"is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is."
Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate（使······缓解）the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems,in which getting a license is a multistage process.A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult,followed by a period of driving with passenger restrictions,before graduating to full driving privileges.
Graduate licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes,according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place,but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest,with a novice（新手）driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20(without the presence of an adult over 25)for the first six months.
A graduated license is issued to a driver who________.
A:is at least a middle school graduate
B:has learned driving at a driving school
C:gains full driving rights step by step
D:has a driving experience long enough
第一篇
A recent study,published in last week's Journal of American Medical Association,offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed,a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone,by contrast,the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with. each additional passenger.
The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 pm,and especially after midnight.With passengers in the car,the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.
Robert Foss,a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers,have less to do with"really stupid behavior" than with just a lack of driving experience."The basic issue,"he says,"is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is."
Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate（使······缓解）the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems,in which getting a license is a multistage process.A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult,followed by a period of driving with passenger restrictions,before graduating to full driving privileges.
Graduate licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes,according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place,but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest,with a novice（新手）driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20(without the presence of an adult over 25)for the first six months.
A graduated license is issued to a driver who________.
A:is at least a middle school graduate
B:has learned driving at a driving school
C:gains full driving rights step by step
D:has a driving experience long enough
共用题干
Promising Results From Cancer Study
A new experimental vaccine（疫苗）has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer. In a
small Texas-based study,a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,
USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.
Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study.Forty-three patients suffering from
lung cancer were involved in these trials.Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in the
advanced stages of the disease.They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months,and
were carefully monitored for three years.In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer,the disease
disappeared and in the others,it did not spread for five to twenty-four months.However,no great difference
was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.
This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system.It is made specifically for each patient and is
injected into the arm or leg. It stimulates（刺激）the body' s immune system, which then recognizes that the
cancer cells are harmful,and attacks and destroys them.
The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer. It offers great hope for the treatment of
cancer in general,although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.
Patients in the early stages of the disease recovered more quickly in the trial.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
Promising Results From Cancer Study
A new experimental vaccine（疫苗）has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer. In a
small Texas-based study,a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,
USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.
Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study.Forty-three patients suffering from
lung cancer were involved in these trials.Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in the
advanced stages of the disease.They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months,and
were carefully monitored for three years.In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer,the disease
disappeared and in the others,it did not spread for five to twenty-four months.However,no great difference
was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.
This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system.It is made specifically for each patient and is
injected into the arm or leg. It stimulates（刺激）the body' s immune system, which then recognizes that the
cancer cells are harmful,and attacks and destroys them.
The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer. It offers great hope for the treatment of
cancer in general,although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.
Patients in the early stages of the disease recovered more quickly in the trial.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
The president proposed that we should bring the meeting to a close.
A:stated
B:said
C:suggested
D:announced
A:stated
B:said
C:suggested
D:announced
共用题干
Do You Have a Sense of Humor?
Humor and laughter are good for us.There is increasing evidence that they can heal us physically,mentally, emotionally,and spiritually.In fact,every system of the body responds to laughter in some positive,healing way,
So how can we get more laughter into our lives?______(46)Psychologist and author,Steve Wilson,has some answers。
Many people believe that we are born with a sense of humor.They think,"Either you've got it,or you don't."Dr.Wilson points out that this is false.______(47)
The parts of the brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth.______(48)(After all,when a baby laughs,we don't rush over and say,"That kid has a great scm of humor!")A sense of humor is something that you can develop over a lifetime.
Sometimes people think that they don't have a good sense of humor because they are not good joke tellers.Dr.Wilson reminds us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to express humor.______(49) Then we will make others laugh,too.
A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and able to see the funny side of everyday life.One of the best definitions of a sense of humor is"the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation".Consider this sign from a store window:"Any faulty merchandise will be cheerfully replaced with merchandise of equal quality."The store manager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the store's excellent service.______(50)As Dr.Wilson says,"A good sense of humor means that you don't have to be funny;you just have to see what's funny."
______(48)
A:He advises us to lose our inhibitions（抑制）and try to laugh at ourselves.
B:Is it possible to develop a sense of humor?
C:However,that does not mean that infants have a sense of humor.
D:What is true,however,is that we are born with the capacity to laugh and smile.
E:Everyone experiences this emotion.
F:He had a serious purpose,but if you have a sense of humor,you will probably find the sign funny!
Do You Have a Sense of Humor?
Humor and laughter are good for us.There is increasing evidence that they can heal us physically,mentally, emotionally,and spiritually.In fact,every system of the body responds to laughter in some positive,healing way,
So how can we get more laughter into our lives?______(46)Psychologist and author,Steve Wilson,has some answers。
Many people believe that we are born with a sense of humor.They think,"Either you've got it,or you don't."Dr.Wilson points out that this is false.______(47)
The parts of the brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth.______(48)(After all,when a baby laughs,we don't rush over and say,"That kid has a great scm of humor!")A sense of humor is something that you can develop over a lifetime.
Sometimes people think that they don't have a good sense of humor because they are not good joke tellers.Dr.Wilson reminds us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to express humor.______(49) Then we will make others laugh,too.
A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and able to see the funny side of everyday life.One of the best definitions of a sense of humor is"the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation".Consider this sign from a store window:"Any faulty merchandise will be cheerfully replaced with merchandise of equal quality."The store manager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the store's excellent service.______(50)As Dr.Wilson says,"A good sense of humor means that you don't have to be funny;you just have to see what's funny."
______(48)
A:He advises us to lose our inhibitions（抑制）and try to laugh at ourselves.
B:Is it possible to develop a sense of humor?
C:However,that does not mean that infants have a sense of humor.
D:What is true,however,is that we are born with the capacity to laugh and smile.
E:Everyone experiences this emotion.
F:He had a serious purpose,but if you have a sense of humor,you will probably find the sign funny!
Please give my best wishes to your family.
A:notice
B:attention
C: regards
D:cares
A:notice
B:attention
C: regards
D:cares
共用题干
American Roads
The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time._______(51) these wide modem roads are generally_______(52)and well maintained,with_______(53)sharp curves and straight sections,a direct route is not always the most_______(54)one.Large highways often pass _______(55)scenic areas and interesting small towns.Furthermore,these highways generally _______(56)large urban centers,which means that they become crowded with_______(57) traffic during rush hours,_______(58)the"fast,direct"route becomes a very slow route.However,there is almost always another route to take_______(59)you are not in a hurry.Not far from the_______(60)new"superhighways",there are often older,_______(61)heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside._______(62)of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country.These secondary routes may go up steep slopes,along high_______(63),or down frightening hillside to towns_______(64)in deep valleys.Through these less direct routes,longer and slower,they generally go to places_______(65)the air is clean and scenery is beautiful,and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.
_________(65)
A:there
B:when
C:which
D:where
American Roads
The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time._______(51) these wide modem roads are generally_______(52)and well maintained,with_______(53)sharp curves and straight sections,a direct route is not always the most_______(54)one.Large highways often pass _______(55)scenic areas and interesting small towns.Furthermore,these highways generally _______(56)large urban centers,which means that they become crowded with_______(57) traffic during rush hours,_______(58)the"fast,direct"route becomes a very slow route.However,there is almost always another route to take_______(59)you are not in a hurry.Not far from the_______(60)new"superhighways",there are often older,_______(61)heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside._______(62)of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country.These secondary routes may go up steep slopes,along high_______(63),or down frightening hillside to towns_______(64)in deep valleys.Through these less direct routes,longer and slower,they generally go to places_______(65)the air is clean and scenery is beautiful,and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.
_________(65)
A:there
B:when
C:which
D:where